Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring networks of mobile devices that enable various applications such as mobile conferencing, emergency services, military communications, and public hotspots. However, MANETs face challenges such as bandwidth issues, security vulnerabilities, and the need for advanced technologies like AI and smart antennas. Future developments aim to enhance MANET performance and applications across different fields including agriculture and environmental monitoring.

1. By-
AMAN GUPTA
ANJAN KUMAR DEY
DEEPAK RAWAT
DURGESH VERMA
SUDEEP KUMAR GIRI

2. • Defining MANET
• Applications and Shortcomings
• Solutions To Shortcomings
• Future Technologies
• Future Vision

4. The basic definition is:
A mobile ad hoc network is a self configuring
infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected
by wireless.
Actually, Each device in a MANET is free to move
independently in any direction, and will therefore
change its links to other devices frequently. Each must
forward traffic unrelated to its own use, and therefore be
a ROUTER.

6. The main applications of MANET that we have gathered
from the previous presentations are as follows:
• Mobile Conferencing- Ad hoc networks enable mobile conferencing for business
users who need to collaborate outside their office where no network infrastructure is
available.
• Personal Area And Home Networking- Mobile devices with Bluetooth or WLAN
cards can be easily configured to form an ad hoc network. With the Internet
connectivity at home, these devices can easily be connected to the Internet.
• Emergency Services- In some kind of disaster like earthquakes, hurricanes, fire, and
so forth, ad hoc networks can be easily deployed to provide solutions to emergency
services.
• Public Hotspots- In places like airports, train stations, coffee shops, and pubs, football
grounds, and malls, ad hoc networks provide users the ability to create their own
network and communicate with each other instantly.

7. • Military Applications- In battlefield, MANET can be deployed for
communications among the soldiers in the field. Different military units are
expected to communicate and cooperate with each other within a
specified area. In these kinds of low mobility environments, MANET is used
for communications where virtually no network infrastructure is available.
• Location-based Services- MANET when integrated with location-based
information provides useful services. GPS (Global Positioning System), a
satellite-based radio navigation system, is a very effective tool to
determine the physical location of a device. A mobile host in a MANET
when connected to a GPS receiver will be able to determine its current
physical location.

10. • Web Address/Secure Data Transfer: A company can
either provide a network for internal means where all the
employees can access the data at a request or during a
conference only certain members are allowed to access.
• Bandwidth Selection: A selection of bandwidth can be done
which can be alternatively increased to an extent suitable for
quicker data transfer. But, As we know bandwidth access is a
major problem, so the main task of a communicating device
could be, to get legal permit for that particular bandwidth.

13. Application tuning- From a MANET perspective, this policy
proposal must be balanced against the potential bandwidth impacts. If a
mobile node acquires a particularly “interesting” set of data, it would be
useful to quickly push it to a more advantaged node (in terms of
bandwidth) so as not to flood the typically more constrained MANET with
numerous requests for that data set. This is an example of application
tuning.
Artificial intelligence- AI advances in areas such as link selection,
optimal routing, and network self-monitoring hold great promise.
Processing power vs Algorithm Efficiency is the main MANET related aspect.
In the end, a hybrid approach of certain AI technologies residing in the
network layer and other residing in the application layer on individual
nodes would seem to be the likely outcome.

14. Open air laser links- Laser communications have many advantages over RF –
higher potential bandwidth (with multiplexing), longer range – but also suffer from many
disadvantages. The need for direct LOSS, relatively clear air, precise knowledge of the
location of the intended recipient (especially difficult when both nodes are moving), and the
relative fragility of laser optics in general make for a challenging set of limitations to
overcome for widespread application in MANETs.

15. Smart antenna design: Several MEMS and NEMS techniques are
under consideration for tuneable antennas designs. These technologies can
potentially make drastic improvements on bandwidth, and connectivity, as well
as enhancing LPI/LPD capabilities.

17. Network Security:
Every security issue that cabled networks have (viruses, worms, denial
of service attacks, etc.), wireless networks and MANETs have as well.
Since the exposed nature of wireless links leave them open to
exploitation by virtually anyone with limited exposure to themselves,
add-on encryption in the form of VPNs or external bulk signal
encryption will likely remain a fact of life for MANETs for the
foreseeable future.

19. Considering, a system where the cameras work on the basis of ad hoc network.
A structure can be formed out in which two types of devices will work, one
without cameras and others equipped with cameras.
It works on the simple network where each and
every device is connected to the other and no lag or loss of data is observed.

20. Talking about MANET, this technology can be implemented in
the hot pursuits or during the criminal chase operations, where
the inbuilt cameras can snap the pictures of the convict and
ultimately the pictures get shared on other cop cars and the
location can be more easily detected.

21. These inexpensive devices, once deployed, can offer accurate information about
temperature, chemicals, critical environmental conditions (e.g., generate wild fire
alarms), and behaviour patterns like movements of some animals, and so forth.
Sensors with RFID-based applications are used for tracking inventory and toll
collections. In addition, these devices can also be used for security applications.

22. Future application of it would be implementing it in the farmers
field effectively. So that the farmers could examine the different
climatic conditions from their respective places.

23. Data transfer is a must and we face certain
constraints while doing this these are-
• Capacity
• Efficiency
• Availability
• Security