A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices that allows for dynamic movement and frequent changes in connectivity. It offers advantages such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and geographical independence, but also faces challenges including limited transmission range, packet loss, and frequent network partitions. MANETs have various applications, including military communications, emergency response, business collaboration, and educational environments.

1. MANET

2. DEFINITION
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile
devices connected without wires.
Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to
other devices frequently.

3. DIAGRAM

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET
1) In MANET, each node act as both host and router. That is it is autonomous in behavior.
1) The nodes can join or leave the network anytime, making the network topology dynamic in nature.
1) Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory, power and light weight features.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET
4) All nodes have identical features with similar responsibilities and capabilities and hence it forms a
completely symmetric environment.
5) When a source node and destination node for a message is out of the radio range, the MANETs are
capable of multi-hop routing.

6. PROS OF MANET
1) Scalable—More number of nodes can be formed.
2) The network can be set up at any place and time.
3) Less expensive as compared to wired network.
4) They provide access to information and services regardless of geographic position.

7. LIMITAIONS OR CHALLENGES OF MANET
1) The wireless link characteristics are time-varying in nature
(i.e.) There are transmission impediments like fading, path loss, blockage and interference that adds to
the susceptible behavior of wireless channels.

8. LIMITAIONS OR CHALLENGES OF MANET
2) Limited range of wireless transmission.
(i.e.) The data rates are low when compared to the wireless networks.

9. LIMITAIONS OR CHALLENGES OF MANET
3) Packet losses due to errors in transmission
(i.e.) MANETs experience higher packet loss due to factors such as hidden terminals that results
in collisions, interference, frequent breakage in paths caused by mobility of nodes, increased collisions due to
the presence of hidden terminals problems.

10. LIMITAIONS OR CHALLENGES OF MANET
4) Frequent network partitions
The random movement of nodes often leads to partition of the network. This mostly affects the intermediate
nodes.

11. LIMITAIONS OR CHALLENGES OF MANET
5) Limitations of Mobile Nodes
The mobile nodes have short Battery Life

12. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
1) Military
Ad-Hoc networking would allow the military to take advantage of technology to maintain an information
network between the soldiers, vehicles, and military information head quarter.

13. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
2) Rescue Operation
Ad hoc can be used in emergency/rescue operations for disaster relief efforts, e.g. in fire, flood, or
earthquake.

14. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
3) Business Work
Whenever any emergency meeting is planned outside the office exchange of information on a given
project is made possible by means of MANET.

15. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
4) Classroom and Conference
Ad-Hoc networks can autonomously link an instant and temporary multimedia network using notebook
computers to spread and share information among participants e.g. conference or classroom.

16. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
5) Personal Area Network
A personal area network is a short range, localized network where nodes are usually associated with a given
person.