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Network Topologies
What is Topology?
• The topology of a space is the definition of a
collection of sets (called the open sets) that include:
– the space and the empty set
– the union of any of the sets
– the finite intersection of any of the sets

• “Topological space is a set with the least structure
necessary to define the concepts of nearness and
continuity”
Types of Topologies
•
•
•
•
•

Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Mash Topology
Tree Topology
Bus Topology
• A bus topology connects all stations in a linear fashion
Bus Topologies
• Bus topology advantages:
– It is inexpensive
– It is easy to design and implement because the
stations are simply daisy-chained together

• Bus topology disadvantages:
– It is difficult to troubleshoot
– It requires termination
Star Topologies
• The star network configuration is the most popular
physical topology
• In a star configuration, all computers or stations are
wired directly to a central location:
– Concentrator (a.k.a. hub)
– Multistation Access Unit (MAU)

• A data signal from any station goes directly to this
central device, which transmits the signal according
to the established network access method for the
type of network
Star Topology
Star Topologies
• Star topology advantages:
– A break in one cable does not affect all other
stations as it does in bus technologies
– Problems are easier to locate because symptoms
often point to one station
– The second-easiest topology to design and install
– Does not require manual termination
• Instead the media is terminated in the station at the
transceiver on the NIC and in the hub or MAU
Star Topologies
• Star topology disadvantages:
– Hubs, which are required for a star topology, are
more expensive than bus connectors
– A failure at the hub can affect the entire
configuration and all connected stations
– Uses more cable than bus topologies
Star Topologies
• Bus and star topologies can be combined to form
a star/bus or bus/star physical topology
• Hubs that have connectors for coaxial cable as
well as for twisted-pair wiring are used to form
these types of networks
• When different physical topologies are applied to
a network, the result is often called a mixed
media network
Ring Topology
• Physical rings
– Most often seen in Fiber Distributed Data
Interface (FDDI) networks
• FDDI is a WAN technology

– Stations on a ring are wired to one another in a
circle around the entire network
Ring Topology
Ring Topologies
• Ring topology advantages:
– It prevents network collisions because of the
media access method or architecture required
– Each station functions as a repeater, so the
topology does not require additional network
hardware, such as hubs
Ring Topologies
• Ring topology disadvantages:
– As in a bus network, a failure at one point can
bring down the network
– Because all stations are wired together, to add a
station the network must be shut down
temporarily
– Maintenance on a ring is more difficult than on a
star topology because an adjustment or
reconfiguration affects the entire ring
Tree Topology
• Characters of bus and star topology
• Different groups
• Backbone cable
Tree Topology
Tree Topology
• Advantages
– It provides point to point wiring for individual
segments
– It is supported by several hardware and software
venders
Tree Topology
• Disadvantages
– Overall length of each segment is limited by the
type of cabling used
– If the backbone line breaks the entire segments
goes down
– It is more difficult to configure and wire than
other topologies
Mesh Topology
•
•
•
•

Physically connected
Improved performance and reliability
Don’t used in local area network
Used in wide area network
Mesh Topology
Mesh Topology
• Advantages
– Dedicated link guarantee that each connection
carry its own data load
– Eliminates the traffic problems
– If one link become unusable it does not harm the
entire system
– It is easy to troubleshoot
Mesh Topology
• Disadvantages
– Very expensive
– Difficult to install and reconfigure
Mis slides presentation

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Mis slides presentation

  • 2. What is Topology? • The topology of a space is the definition of a collection of sets (called the open sets) that include: – the space and the empty set – the union of any of the sets – the finite intersection of any of the sets • “Topological space is a set with the least structure necessary to define the concepts of nearness and continuity”
  • 3. Types of Topologies • • • • • Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mash Topology Tree Topology
  • 4. Bus Topology • A bus topology connects all stations in a linear fashion
  • 5. Bus Topologies • Bus topology advantages: – It is inexpensive – It is easy to design and implement because the stations are simply daisy-chained together • Bus topology disadvantages: – It is difficult to troubleshoot – It requires termination
  • 6. Star Topologies • The star network configuration is the most popular physical topology • In a star configuration, all computers or stations are wired directly to a central location: – Concentrator (a.k.a. hub) – Multistation Access Unit (MAU) • A data signal from any station goes directly to this central device, which transmits the signal according to the established network access method for the type of network
  • 8. Star Topologies • Star topology advantages: – A break in one cable does not affect all other stations as it does in bus technologies – Problems are easier to locate because symptoms often point to one station – The second-easiest topology to design and install – Does not require manual termination • Instead the media is terminated in the station at the transceiver on the NIC and in the hub or MAU
  • 9. Star Topologies • Star topology disadvantages: – Hubs, which are required for a star topology, are more expensive than bus connectors – A failure at the hub can affect the entire configuration and all connected stations – Uses more cable than bus topologies
  • 10. Star Topologies • Bus and star topologies can be combined to form a star/bus or bus/star physical topology • Hubs that have connectors for coaxial cable as well as for twisted-pair wiring are used to form these types of networks • When different physical topologies are applied to a network, the result is often called a mixed media network
  • 11. Ring Topology • Physical rings – Most often seen in Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) networks • FDDI is a WAN technology – Stations on a ring are wired to one another in a circle around the entire network
  • 13. Ring Topologies • Ring topology advantages: – It prevents network collisions because of the media access method or architecture required – Each station functions as a repeater, so the topology does not require additional network hardware, such as hubs
  • 14. Ring Topologies • Ring topology disadvantages: – As in a bus network, a failure at one point can bring down the network – Because all stations are wired together, to add a station the network must be shut down temporarily – Maintenance on a ring is more difficult than on a star topology because an adjustment or reconfiguration affects the entire ring
  • 15. Tree Topology • Characters of bus and star topology • Different groups • Backbone cable
  • 17. Tree Topology • Advantages – It provides point to point wiring for individual segments – It is supported by several hardware and software venders
  • 18. Tree Topology • Disadvantages – Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used – If the backbone line breaks the entire segments goes down – It is more difficult to configure and wire than other topologies
  • 19. Mesh Topology • • • • Physically connected Improved performance and reliability Don’t used in local area network Used in wide area network
  • 21. Mesh Topology • Advantages – Dedicated link guarantee that each connection carry its own data load – Eliminates the traffic problems – If one link become unusable it does not harm the entire system – It is easy to troubleshoot
  • 22. Mesh Topology • Disadvantages – Very expensive – Difficult to install and reconfigure

Editor's Notes

  1. If you open a book on topology, you get very obtuse definitions involving open sets and such. Topology is really much simpler than that conceptually.