The document discusses different network topologies: - Physical topology refers to the physical placement of network components like devices and cables. Logical topology illustrates how data flows regardless of physical design. - Bus topology connects all nodes to a single cable. It has advantages like easy node connection but relies on a single cable. - Ring topology connects devices in a closed serial ring. It provides equal access but the whole network stops if a node fails. - Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub with separate cables. It is easy to add/remove nodes and troubleshoot faults.

2. INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF A NETWORK IS
CALLED TOPOLOGY.

4. TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
• PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY-
• PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY IS
THE PLACEMENT OF THE
VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF
A NETWORK INCLUDING
DEVICE LOCATION AND
CABLE INSTALLATION
• LOGICAL TOPOLOGY-
• LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
ILLUSTRATES HOW DATA
FLOWS WITHIN A
NETWORK REGARDLESS OF
ITS PHYSICAL DESIGN

5. BUS TOPOLOGY-
Bus topology is a network where all nodes are
connected with each other with a single cable.
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6. BUS TOPOLOGY
• disadvantage-
• total network is depended on a single
cable.
• this network cannot be used as a
stand-alone solution in a large
building.
• advantage-
• it is very easy to connect a node or
peripheral in this network.
• bus network requires less cable
length that any other topology.

7. ring topology
when each devices is serially connected in a closed ring pattern
with a single cable then the network system is called

8. RING TOPOLOGY
• advantage-
• in this network each & every node has
equal access to resources.
• the performance does not get
interrupted by any additional
components
• advantage-
• in this network if any node breaks
down then the entire network system
stops working

9. STAR TOPOLOGY-
ALL NODES ARE CONNECTED TO A CENTRAL HUB
WITH SEPARATED CABLES.

10. STAR TOPOLOGY
• ADVANTAGE-
• IT IS VERY EASY TO ADD OR REMOVE
A NODE TO THE NETWORK SYSTEM.
• IF ANY FAULTS OCCURS IT IS VERY
EASY TO FIND OUT & FIX IT UP.
• ADVANTAGE-
• IT IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN ANY
OTHER TOPOLOGIES TO BUILD UP THE
NETWORK BECAUSE IT REQUIRES
EXCESSIVE LENGTH OF CABLE.

11. MESH TOPOLOGY-
EACH & EVERY NETWORK IS INTERCONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER. IT WORK
INDEPENDENTLY.

12. MESH TOPOLOGY
• Advantage-
• The Transmission Of Data
Is Very Easy Because It
Transfers Data From
Different Nodes
Simultaneously.
• Disadvantage –
• It Is Very Hard To
Configure The Network
& Also Very Difficult To
Maintain.

13. TREE TOPOLOGY-
A TREE TOPOLOGY LOOKS LIKE A BRANCHES OF
THE TREE WHERE EACH AND EVERY NODES ARE
CONNECTED WITH ITS PARENT’S NODE .

14. TREE TOPOLOGY
• ADVANTAGE-
• IT IS VERY EASY TO
EXTEND THE NETWORK
AS MUCH AS
ADMINISTRATOR
WANTS.
• DISADVANTAGE-
•TROUBLESHOOTING
OF PROBLEM IS
HIGHLY DIFFICULT.

15. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
THE COMBINATION OF TWO OR
MORE DIFFERENT NETWORK
TOPOLOGIES.

16. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
• ADVANTAGES-
•THIS NETWORK THE
TROUBLESHOOTING
IS FAR BETTER THAN
ANY OTHER
TOPOLOGIES
DISADVANTAGES –
THE STRUCTURE OF
THE NETWORK IS
HARD TO
UNDERSTAND.

17. SUMMARIZATION
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF A NETWORK IS
CALLED TOPOLOGY.
BUS TOPOLOGY ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE
RING TOPOLOGY ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE

18. QUERY