The document discusses different physical network topologies including bus, ring, star, mesh, and tree. It provides details on the characteristics of each topology such as how they connect nodes, advantages like ease of management or scalability, and disadvantages like single points of failure or difficulty troubleshooting. The bus topology uses a single cable to connect all nodes without devices in between. Ring topology forms a circular connection between each node. Star topology connects all nodes to a central hub or switch. Mesh networks have nodes that relay data for the entire network. Tree topology combines aspects of bus and star topologies through a backbone cable connecting local star configurations.

1. Niraj singh
9690703090
CBS College of Managenent ,Agra

2. Simple Physical Topologies
• Physical topology: physical layout of nodes on a
network
• Three fundamental shapes:
– Bus
– Ring
– Star
• Hybrid topologies
• Topology integral to type of network, cabling
infrastructure, and transmission media used

3. Bus
• Single cable connects all network nodes
without intervening connectivity devices
• Terminators stop signals after reaching
end of wire वायर के अंत तक पहंचने के बाद टर्मिनेटर र्िग्नल बंद कर देते हैं
– Preventरोकें signal bounceउछाल
– A Bus topology consists of a single
cable—called a bus— connecting all nodes
on a network without intervening connectivity
devices

4. Bus (continued)

5. Advantages of Bus Topology
• Works well for small networks
• Relatively inexpensive to implement
• Easy to add to it

6. Disadvantages of
Bus Topology
• Management costs can be high
• Potential for congestion with network
traffic
• Difficult to troubleshoot, not fault-tolerant

7. Ring

8. Ring Topology
• Ring topology
– Each node is connected to the two nearest nodes so the entire
network forms a circle
– One method for passing data on ring networks is token passing
• Active topology
– Each workstation transmits data

9. Advantages of Ring Topology
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a
defective node or cable problem
• Well-suited for transmitting signals over
long distances on a LAN
• Handles high-volume network traffic
• Enables reliable communication

10. Disadvantages of
Ring Topology
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and network
equipment at the start
• Not used as widely as bus topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-speed
communication

11. Star

12. Star topology
• Star topology
– Every node on the network is connected through
a central device

13. Star (continued)
• Any single cable connects only two devices
– Cabling problems affect two nodes at most
• Requires more cabling than ring or bus networks
– More fault-tolerant
• Easily moved, isolated, or interconnected with
other networks
– Scalable
• Supports max of 1024 addressable nodes on
logical network

14. Advantages of Star Topology
• Good option for modern networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage
• Offers opportunities for expansion
• Most popular topology in use; wide variety
of equipment available

15. Disadvantages of
Star Topology
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus

16. Mesh topology
• A mesh network is a network topology in
which each node relays data for the
network.
• All mesh nodes cooperate in the
distribution of data in the network.
• Mesh networks can relay messages using
either a flooding technique or a routing
technique.

17. Mesh topology

18. Tree topology
• tree topology combines characteristics of
linear bus and star topologies. It consists
of groups of star-configured workstations
connected to a linear bus backbone cable
. Tree topologies allow for the expansion
of an existing network, and enable schools
to configure a network to meet their needs.

19. Tree topology