The document provides information about the Merry Cemetery located in Sapanta, Maramures, Romania. It is known for its brightly painted crosses decorated with naive paintings depicting scenes from the lives of those buried there. Some crosses also include poems remembering the deceased. The tradition of painting the crosses began in the 1930s when the local priest suggested making the crosses wider to include epitaphs. Now over 800 crosses create an open air museum, preserving the history of the village's inhabitants through their paintings and poems. One example poem given remembers a mother-in-law buried under "this hard rock."

1. GO TOGETHER ON A SUSTAINABLE LAND
My Favourite Place in
My Country Romania
The Black Sea

2. Location
The Black Sea is a sea in Southeastern
Europe.
It is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and
the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to
the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and
the Aegean Seas and various straits.

3. Black Sea - Sea side resort

4. The salinity of the Black Sea
The Black Sea has a positive water balance;
that is, a net outflow of water 300 km3 per year
through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles into
the Aegean Sea. Mediterranean water flows into
the Black Sea as part of a two-way hydrological
exchange.
The Black Sea outflow is cooler and less
saline, and floats over the warm, more saline
Mediterranean inflow – as a result of differences
in density caused by differences in salinity –
leading to a significant anoxic layer well below
the surface waters.
The Black Sea also receives river water from
large Eurasian fluvial systems to the north of the
Sea, of which the Don, Dnieper and Danube are
the most significant.

5. Hidrology
The Black Sea is a marginal sea and is
the world’s largest body of water with a
meromictic basin.
The deep waters do not mix with the
upper layers of water that receive oxygen
from the atmosphere. As a result, over 90%
of the deeper Black Sea volume is anoxic
water.
The Black Sea’s circulation patterns are
primarily controlled by basin topography and
fluvial inputs, which result in a strongly
stratified vertical structure. Because of the
extreme stratification, it is classified as a
salt wedge estuary.

6. Hidrochemistry
Organic matter, including anthropogenic artifacts such as boat hulls, are well
preserved. During periods of high surface productivity, short-lived algal blooms form
organic rich layers known as sapropels.
Scientists have reported an annual phytoplankton bloom that can be seen in
many NASA images of the region. As a result of these characteristics the Black Sea
has gained interest from the field of marine archaeology as ancient shipwrecks in
excellent states of preservation have been discovered, such as the Byzantine wreck
Sinop D, located in the anoxic layer off the coast of Sinop, Turkey.

7. Ecology
The Black Sea supports an active and dynamic marine
ecosystem, dominated by species suited to the brackish,
nutrient-rich, conditions. As with all marine food webs, the
Black Sea features a range of trophic groups, with
autotrophic algae, including diatoms and dinoflagellates,
acting as primary producers.
The fluvial systems draining Eurasia and central Europe
introduce large volumes of sediment and dissolved nutrients
into the Black Sea, but distribution of these nutrients is
controlled by the degree of physiochemical stratification,
which is, in turn, dictated by seasonal physiographic
development.

8. Endemic animal species
 Zebra mussel
The Black Sea along with the Caspian Sea is part of
the Zebra mussel's native range. The mussel has been
accidentally introduced around the world and become
an invasive species where it has been introduced.
 Common Carp
The Common Carp's native range extends to The Black
Sea along with the Caspian Sea and Aral Sea. Like the
Zebra mussel the Common Carp is an invasive species
when introduced to other habitats.
 Round Goby
Is another native fish that is also found in the Caspian
Sea. It preys upon Zebra mussels. Like the mussels and
common carp it has become invasive when introduced
to other environments, like the Great Lakes.

9. Round Goby

10. Climate
Short-term climatic variation in the Black Sea
region is significantly influenced by the operation
of the North Atlantic Oscillation, the climatic
mechanisms resulting from the interaction
between the north Atlantic and mid-latitude air
masses.
While the exact mechanisms causing the
North Atlantic Oscillation remain unclear, it is
thought the climate conditions established in
western Europe mediate the heat and
precipitation fluxes reaching Central Europe and
Eurasia, regulating the formation of winter
cyclones, which are largely responsible for
regional precipitation inputs and influence
Mediterranean sea surface temperatures.

11. This presentation was made by:
- Ieșan Larisa
- Bogdan Alexandra

13. GO TOGETHER ON A
SUSTAINABLE LAND
MY FAVOURITE PLACE IN MY
COUNTRY ROMANIA
THE DANUBE DELTA

14. Geography…..
Delta is limited to the south -west of Dobrogea Plateau , North of the Basarabia and in
the East flows into the Black Sea. Delta is crossed by the parallel 45 ° N latitude and the
meridian of 29 ° E. longitude north and Musura Chilia forms the border with Ukraine
Sulina is situated in the heart of the Delta and has a straight course , being constantly
dredged and maintained navigation maritime vessels . It has a length of 71 km and carries
18 % of the water of the Danube. Sf Gheorghe course is oriented towards the south- east,
and runs 112 km , carrying 22 % of the Danube's flow . It forms islands at the mouth
Sacalin considered a secondary delta.
Delta (excluding secondary delta arm Chile) makes traditional part of Dobrogea , but
in antiquity and the Middle Ages coast is more sunset ( between Chile and Murighiol Old
Strabo 's time , between Periprava and Lake Dranov the Byzantine era ) so Dobrogea
containing historical maps representing all current Delta are false geomorphology .

16. Climate…..
Delta falls in temperate semiarid area
specific Pontic steppes. Flat water and very
large spaces covered in varying degrees
with vegetation punctuated by fields of
marine sandy islands, forming an active
area of the Delta and adjacent lagoons,
quite different from the Pontic steppe.
Delta is considered the place with the
least precipitation in Romania.

17. Flora….
Delta vegetation is represented mostly by specific
vegetation wetlands (reed, rush, sedge, willow
blend) and occupies 78% of the total. Meadows
covers 6% of the delta, the willow, ash, alder,
poplar, growing on river levees being periodically
flooded, and water mesh covered by aquatic
vegetation and floating, occupying 2% of the
delta. There are also forests and fields Letea
Caraorman and consist of gray oak, pedunculate
oak, ash, aspen, elm, creepers.

19. Geology…..
Danube Delta is located in geological terms, in a region called the crust mobile platform
Danube Delta. Delta platform comes into contact in the south-west by North Dobrogea Orogene by
Oancea fault-St. George, which is roughly parallel to the arm St. George.
Its geological structure is composed of a crystalline foundation over which has a transgressive
sedimentary sequence represented by deposits Paleozoic, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Neogene
and Quaternary, Dermine by sea and shallow drilling conducted in the area. Deposits of Paleozoic
age, belonging floors Silurian-Permian (438-230 million years ago), consisting of limestone,
dolomite, silt, lithic sandstones with intercalations of tuffs vitroclastice.

20. Geomorphology…………
Delta is characterized by positive landforms called levees and negative
landforms represented by depressions filled with water (lakes). Currently,
the delta is in the form of a flat surface with a slope of 0.006 ‰, crossed
by a web of water: river arms, canals and streams, dotted by lakes and
backwaters. Differences in elevation above sea level, are 8-10 m in the
levees and -2 to 4 m in the lake depressions.
The Danube Delta territory is divided into two geographical sub-regions
namely: Delta itself occupying an area of 4,250 km2, located between the
arms of the river, and Razim area, with an area of 990 km2. From the
physico-geographical divides Delta arms across the river into two
subregions natural: sea river delta and delta.

21. Fauna…….
Delta contains more than 360 species of birds and 45 species of freshwater fish in its numerous lakes
and backwaters. This is where millions of birds from different corners of the Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa,
Mediterranean) come to nest. Major species of fish in the Danube Delta have made their home in this
dream place.

22. Population…….
The population of the Delta was always welcoming semi-aquatic environment not allowing significant
density (average density is 5 inhabitants per square km).
In summer the population triples influx of tourists, which in the 2002 census remains at 14,583
inhabitants, of which 12,666 Romanian (87%), 1438 lipoveni (10%), 299 Ukrainians various others (1%).
Delta has always been a refuge for medium original Greek (Pontic Greeks were still 2059 1910 outnumber
Lippovans), Romanian later (dicienii, name that comes perhaps from Vicina), then lipoveni.
These populations were mixed, as illustrated vocabulary and language spoken in the delta, particularly
fishery terms.

24. The Statue Decebal on the Danube…..
The Decebal statue lies between Eselnita and Dubova, about 20 kilometers from
the city Orşova. The location is great as it is located in a spectacular natural
landscape, where the Carpathians meet the Danube. Carved into the rocky bank
of the Danube, the statue is the tallest stone sculpture in Europe and represents
the face of Decebal, the last king of the Dacians.

26. This presentation was made by
Bardan Claudiu
Libiți Adrian

28. GO TOGETHER ON A SUSTAINABLE LAND
MY FAVOURITE PLACE IN MY
COUNTRY ROMANIA
- FELIX BATHS -

29. BăILE FELIX resort

30. Felix is the largest resort of national
importance in Romania. Old documents
attesting the use of these baths in the
treatment of various diseases since year
1000, while it is assumed that they have
been discovered hot springs.

31. The lake with thermal water lilies and
lotuses, the snail “Melanopsis parreyssi”,
the ice age survivor, the "Rudd's
Racoviţă” fish, unique in the world of
exotic fishes that can not survive in our
country, are found in here only.
Also, the church moth with a unique
mechanism that moves by the rotation of
the moon around the earth, unique in
Europe, is one of the most important
tourist attractions in the area.

32. Between 1711-1721, the first
organized settlements for treatment
appear under the name "Felix Baths"
The hot springs were discovered
around year 1000, according to others,
around 1200, and according to other
experts, only in 1700.

33. ‘Băile Felix’ resort and ‘1 Mai’ are two
thermal spa resorts located in a hilly area with
birch and oak tree woods, 8 km south of the
municipality of Oradea (seat of Bihor County)
and 22 km south-east of Borş (border
checkpoint to Hungary).
In the thermal waters of the Peţa river and
lake, having a constant temperature of 30-
31°C, live the snail Melanopsis parreyssi
(tertiary relict) and the fish Scardinus
racovitzae as well as a rare species of
subtropical water lily - Nymphaea lotus
thermalis - tertiary relict, a natural
monument.

34. ToURISM
Felix is the largest resort in continuous
operation in Romania. It is only 8 km from
Oradea. Water temperature is between 20-49
degrees Celsius. Due to the high content of
minerals, physicians or internists recommended
treatments with the waters.
Felix offers 7000 places to sleep and
swimming pools indoor and outdoor air. Due to
these thermal waters and a large number of
tourists who come every year in Băile Felix
resort, developed and private accommodation
system.
Building a large number of hostels is evidence
that the resort is very well know by tourists, both
in Romania and abroad

35. SPA
The resorts hosts many mineral springs with thermal (20-48°C),
sulphuric, calcic, sodic, rich in bicarbonate waters known since the
beginning of the millennium. The soothing effect of the waters on
articular and muscular pain and on various rheumatic neuralgias accounts
for the fame of cures in the resort for the treatment of inflammatory
rheumatic diseases (rheumatic polyarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis,
conditions after acute articular rheumatism), degenerative and articular
rheumatic diseases, central and peripheral neurological disorders,
gynecological diseases, post-traumatic conditions, endocrine disorders.
The facilities of the two resorts offer treatment of rheumatism and
neurological and gynecological diseases. The modern medical base has at
its disposal various facilities for procedures involving electrotherapy,
hydrotherapy, aerosols, massage, paraffin packing and other water
treatments

37.  This presentation was made by:
 CRISTEA ROXANA
 ONEA ADELINA

41. The Merry Cemetery is a cemetery from the
village of Sapânța, in Maramureș country, famous for
the brightly coloured crosses of the graves, the naïve
paintings, representing scenes from the life and
occupation of the people that were buried there.
On some of the crosses, there are even lyrics in
which those people are remembered by, often with
humour.

42. The novelty of this cemetery is the difference between it and most
of the people’s cultures, which consider death as being a very sober
event.
In 1935, at the suggestion of the Greek-catholic priest Grigore
Ritiu, who was also a Romanian and Latin teacher, Stan Ioan Patras
realized the vertical side of the crosses wider, with space for epitaph.
The first epitaph is from 1935 and from 1960 until now, the whole
cemetery was populated with about 800 crosses like these ones carved
from oak, becoming a museum in open air one of a kind and a major
touristic attraction.
Some crosses are painted on both sides. One of the sides illustrates
the life of the buried and the other the reason of dying.

45. The legend says that joy in front of
death is a habit of the Dacian people, who
believed in everlasting life and for whom
death was just a passing way through
another world.
They didn’t see death as a tragic
end, but as a chance to meet the supreme
god, Zamolxe.

46. Neither cross is finished without
a short poem, a few simple rhymes,
between 7 and 17.
The epitaphs are honest,
spontaneous and they are written in
the 3rd person, as messages
addressed by the dead person to the
living.
The style is lyric and the satire is
often. Each poem contains the name
of the dead, as well as an essential
part of that person’s life.

47. With their pictures and
poems, Stan Ioan Patras and
Dumitru Pop Tincu succeded in
recreating an entire village and
they gave people a second life
after death.
These 800 painted crosses
are a vast archive, which
preserves the history of the
inhabitants from Sapânța.

48. POEM WRITTEN ON A CROSS FROM SĂPÂNȚA MERRY CEMETERY
Under this hard rock
Lies my poor mother-in-low
If she had lived for
Three more days
I’d be lying and she would read this.
You that walk on by
Try not to wake her
Cause if she returns home
She will scold me again
But I will behave so
As she won’t come back
Stay here, dear mother-in-law!
Sub această cruce grea
Zace biata soacra-mea
Trei zile de mai trăia
Zăceam eu si cetea ea
Voi care treceti pă aici
Incercaţi să n-o treziţi
Că acasă dăcă vine
Iarăi cu gura pă mine
Da aşa eu m-oi purta
Că-napoi n-a înturna
Stai aicea dragă soacră-mea

49. GO TOGETHER ON A SUSTAINABLE LAND
This presentation was made
by:
Chiorean Teodora
Hărău Alexandru

52. Location :

53. Geographical Data :
The Voroneţ Monastery, also known as
‘The Sistine Chapel of the East’ is a
medieval scholastic complex built in
Voroneţ village. It represents one of the
most valuable foundations of Stephen the
Great (1457-1504).
The church was built in 1488, and it set a
record for those times and not only: it was
built in 3 months and 3 weeks!

54. Arhitecture :
 It is not massive, but it is impressive; it is one of the fewest
monuments of religious architecture which has kept its initial form:
the derrick is of Moldavian model
the western porch wall has no windows
the painting of the exterior walls covers the entire wall, from top
to bottom, which offers the whole establishment a holz shine

56. Exterior Painting:
 The exterior painting of the Voroneț monastery
dates back in the years of reign of Petru Rareș
 The high artistic level of the painting is considered
the most successful creation of the Moldavian feudal
art
 The fresces depict different scenes, in bright
coloured nuances, mostly green and blue, which
resemble the surrounding nature: the sky and the
forrest.

58. The Western facade, bearing the impressive scene of the Last
Judgement (Doom’s Day), is one of the most famous scenes and it is done
in 4 registers:
 in the upper side there is God,
 the second registre contains the Deisis scene, with the apostols
sitting on the chairs and at the bottom of Jesus’ feelt there is a river
of fire in which sinners suffer
 the third registre is the Holly Spirit’s scene, symbolised as a dove.
 Also, the Holly Gospel and the Priests face two groups of people: to
the North, the Christians, led by Saint Pavel and to the South the
sinners who are scolded by Moses.

60. Voroneţ Monastery is a symbol of the
Bucovinan Christianity and it is a touristic
attraction due to its unique history, style
and purpose.

61. GO TOGETHER ON A SUSTAINABLE LAND
 This presentation was made by:
Farcaș Alexandra
Szemczina Cătălin