The document categorizes information systems as either operations support systems or management support systems. Operations support systems process transactional data to support daily business operations, including transaction processing systems, process control systems, and office automation systems. Management support systems provide information and decision support, including management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, and enterprise systems which integrate business functions across an organization.

1. MIS Classification

2. MIS Classification
 The discipline of MIS is at its evolutionary stage and
is a matter of degree rather than an absolute one.
 For the sake of clarity we can categorize
information systems on the basis of their roles in
the operations & management of a business.
 Accordingly information systems are categorized
as:
 Operations Support Systems
 Management Support Systems

3. Operations Support Systems
 As and when any transaction takes place in an
organization, data is generated.
 Business operations are carried out using this
data.
 Information systems that process such data
are called as operations support systems.
 Some of the various operations support
systems are:
 Transaction Processing Systems.
 Process Control Systems.
 Office Automation Systems.

4. Operations Support Systems
 Transaction Processing Systems:
 TPS records and processes data.
 Produces reports.
 Represents the automation of fundamental & routine
processes used to support business operations.
 Does not provide any information for decision making.
 They process transactions either in batch or in real time.
 For example, Point-of-Sale systems at many retail stores
use electronic cash register to capture & transmit sales
data to the head office computer centre for immediate or
weekly processing.

5. Data Processing Data
Input Output
Transaction Processing System

6. Operations Support Systems
 Process Control Systems:
 The systems which monitor and control
physical processes are known as process
control systems.
 They monitor a manufacturing environment
and electronically control the process or
manufacturing flow based on limits set by the
user.
 For example, pharmaceutical manufacturing
company uses electronic sensors linked to
computers to monitor chemical processes and
make required adjustments.

7. Operations Support Systems
 Office Automation Systems:
 Refers to the application of computer and
communication technology to office functions.
 They are meant to improve the productivity of
managers at various levels of management.
 Office activities may be grouped under two
classes:
 Activities performed by clerical personnel
 Activities performed by executives.

8. Operations Support Systems
 Some of the applications of office
automation systems are:
 Word Processing
 Electronic Filing
 Electronic Mail
 Electronic Presentations, etc.

9. Management Support Systems
 These are the information systems that focus
on providing information and decision support
for effective decision making by managers.
 Some of the examples of Management Support
systems are:
 Management information Systems
 Decision Support Systems
 Executive Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems

10. Management Support Systems
 Management Information System:
 Is an information system that processes data & converts it
into information.
 It uses TPS for its data inputs.
 The information generated may be used for control of
operations, strategic and long range planning, short range
planning, and other managerial problem solving.
 The domain of MIS is mainly management control level.
 It is capable of providing analysis, planning and decision
making support.

11. Input Processing Output
Data Information
Management Information System
TPS

12. Management Support Systems
 Decision Support System:
 Is an information system application that assists in
decision making.
 It tends to be used in planning, analysing
alternatives, and trial & error search for solutions.
 Incorporates a variety of decision models.
 They are capable of performing “what-if” analysis.
 It is tailor made for every manager according to
their task.

13. Management Support Systems
 Decision Support System:
 The elements of a DSS include
 A database
 A model base
 A software providing interactive dialogue
 The data in the database typically is a combination of
master files and data from external sources.
 The library of models is used to analyse the data in
desired ways.
 The model base might include econometric models,
simulation models etc.

14. Management Support Systems
 Decision Support System:
 The user interface is used t communicate with the
DSS.
 It generally consists of a terminal connected to the
network with help of modem.

15. Database Model Base
User
Interface
DSS
User
Elements of a DSS

16. Information from MIS
Decision
(most appropriate
alternative)
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
Alternative Processing
Decision Support System

17. Management Support Systems
 Decision Support System:
 DSS helps choose among alternatives.
 For example:
 A salary information system provides information to every
employee regarding his basic salary, allowances and
deductions.
 If an employee wants to make deposits in some schemes for
availing income tax rebates, he can make use of DSS.
 DSS helps the user decide in which scheme and how much
he should invest to get maximum benefits.

18. Management Support Systems
 Decision Support System:
 DSS provides an interactive dialogue with the
environment.
 Through this the user can interact with the system
to add/alter data as per his requirements.
 The main application areas of DSS are production,
finance, and marketing.

19. Management Support Systems
 Executive Support System:
 ESS is an extension of MIS.
 It provides critical information from various internal
and external sources.
 An ESS is specially tailored for the use of Chief
Executive of an organization to support his decision
making.
 It is a comprehensive information system which
includes various types of decision support systems
but is more specific and person oriented.

20. Management Support Systems
 Executive Support System:
 It is designed to fulfil the information needs of a
chief executive keeping in mind not only his
requirements but also his personality and style of
functioning.

21. Management Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems:
 Are the systems that integrate all facets of an
organization including:
 Planning
 Manufacturing
 Sales
 Human Resource Management
 Customer Relations
 Inventory Control
 Customer order Tracking
 Financial Management
 Marketing, etc.

22. Management Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems:
 Generally, in business organizations, there are
several systems for several functional areas like
 Production information system
 Marketing information system
 Financial & Accounting information system
 Etc.
 Alternatively there may be a common structure
useful to each of these, i.e., an integrated system.

23. Management Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems:
 Integration of information may be:
 Hierarchical
 Horizontal, and
 Cross-Functional
 In hierarchical integration, operational level system feed
data into higher level systems.
 Horizontal integration refers to integration within a
functional area.
 For example, a product may pass through several production
processes in the production department.
 The information system for all these sub systems are
integrated in a departmental information system.

24. Management Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems:
 Cross-Functional information system associates with
different functional areas.
 For example a marketing information system may
transmit information regarding loss of sales because
of inventory shortage to the inventory control
information system.

25. Management Support Systems
 Enterprise Systems:
 With the emergence of Business process
Reengineering (BPR),emphasis is being given to
business processes and their integration.
 Different software vendors have termed such system
differently.
 Most commonly used terms are:
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
 Supply Chain Management (SCM)
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)