The document presents a project on an IoT-based black box device for vehicle tracking and accident detection, aimed at improving safety by collecting crucial data post-accident. It outlines the device's methodology, which includes sensors to monitor speed, temperature, and pressure during an accident, and its ability to send alerts with location information to emergency contacts. Additionally, the project discusses various applications, potential improvements, and existing literature on similar technologies.

1. Project Presentation

2. IOT BASED BLACK BOX DEVICE
FOR VEHICLE TRACKING
Group No: 41
Group Name:
Aryabhata
Project Guide:
Prof.Nataraj urs H.D
Group Members
K S Ranjith Kumar
(R17EC124)
Manjunatha B.G
(R17EC155)
Karthik R.O(R17EC134)
Kiran(R17EC139)

3. Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Problem Definition
• Methodology
• Implementation
• Hardware and Software Description
• Applications
• Results and Discussion
• References

4. Abstract
According to WHO millions of people die in road accidents.
Accident is an unexpected occurrence of an event.
The mortality rate can be reduced by two ways:
1) Before an accident occurs
2) After an accident has occurred.
 So we are going to deal with once after an accident has occurred.
 After an accident occurred :
i. Collecting data.
ii. Medical help.

5. Introduction
According to the World Health organization , millions of people are
dying everyday due to accidents and the investigation conducted on
the accidents does not has enough information to conclude the case
through which factor has accident took place. To solve the problem
we have came up with a solution which gathers the important
information like speed, temperature and pressure of the vehicle
during the accident and also has a feature of tracking the real time
location of the vehicle and sending the information like temperature,
pressure, and speed of the vehicle to the number provided for
rescuing purpose.

6. AUTHOR
NAMES
PAPER NAME PUBLICATION OBJECTIVE ADVANATAGE DISADVANTAGE
J Naskath, G.
Jaya
Bharathi, A.
subbalakshm
i
“ARM Hardware
Platform for
Vehicular
Monitoring and
Tracking in Road
Accidents”
International Journal
for Research in
Applied Science &
Engineering
Technology(IJRASET),
Volume 3 Issue IV
April 2015.
To provide
security to the
people inside
vehicles.
ARM7TDMI-S
processor.
Thumb: a unique
architectural
strategy.
super-reduced
instruction set
The
implementation of
zigbee and adhoc
is time
consuming.
Varsha
Goud,
V.Padmaja
“Vehicle Accident
Automatic Detection
and Remote Alarm
Device”
International Journal
of Reconfigurable
and Embedded
Systems(IJRES),Volu
me 1,No.2,July
2012,pp.49-54.
system which can
detect accidents in
significantly less
time and sends
the basic
information to
first aid center.
switch is provided
to terminate
message
both MEMS and
vibration sensors
are used.
Scanning time of
switch is not
mentioned.
Literature Survey

7. AUTHOR
NAMES
PAPER NAME PUBLICATION COMPONENT AND
OBJECTIVE
ADVANATAGE DISADVANTAGE
V. Sagar
Reddy, Dr. L.
Padma Sree,
V. Naveen
Kumar
“Design and
Development of
accelerometer
based system for
driver safety”
International Journal of
Science .Engineering and
Technology
Research(IJSETR), Volume
3,Issue 12,December
2014.
Design of driver
assistance and
vehicle surveillance
by using GSM and
MEMS
webcam, Wi-fi
module,
Raspberry-Pi
processor more
information
intimation through
speakers
cost of the device is
more
T Kalyani, S
Monika, B
Naresh,
Mahendra
Vucha
“Accident
Detection and
Alert System”
International Journal of
Innovative Technology
and Engineering (IJITEE),
Volume-8, Issue-4S2,
March 2019.
to control the
accidents using
wireless
communications by
providing automatic
alert system
arduino
easy to understand
Pooja dharani.
S, Tharuni.
A.P, Viveka. S
“Automatic
Vehicle Accident
Detection and
Messaging
System”
International Research
Journal of Engineering
and Technology(IRJET),
Volume 06 Issue 04,April
2019.
a prototype of
Telemetric Box for
vehicle diagnosis
that can be
installed in any type
of the vehicle
communicating
between the
vehicles about the
driving skills of the
driver to prevent
accident
Implementation is
time consuming

8. Problem Definition/ Objective
The data required in vehicle motor crash investigation is lost and also
inputs taken from eye witness , victims and police reports may not be
accurate to state the cause of an accident.
The death rate due to an accident on roads can be reduced by
minimizing the delay in rescuing operation.

9. Methodology
In this project, Arduino is used for controlling whole the process. The GPS
module GPS is used for detecting coordinates of the vehicle, GSM module is
used for sending the alert SMS with the coordinates of accident location .
In our project mainly two sensors are used to detect the accident
1. Force pressure sensor.
2. Accelerometer.
The Force pressure sensor used to detect the force at which accident occur
and accelerometer to detect the change in axis of vehicle by comparing the
static axis value, this sensor is commonly used in tilt sensing application.

10. BLOCK DIAGRAM

11. Speed sensor used to detect the speed at which accident occur, this sensor
work under principle of optical encoder. The DHT11 sensor used to detect the
temperature and humidity ,In our project this sensor used to measure the
temperature of the engine.
In our project we can find the accident occur by using two conditions
1. The pressure value more than threshold value.
2. The accelerometer axis value changes more than threshold value of static
axis value.
If any one of the above mentioned condition is true, The Arduino will collect
the data like temperature ,speed, pressure ,latitude ,longitude ,pressure value
and send this information to the GSM module . In our project we are using
GSM SIM900A to transfer collected data to the predefined or specified
number.

12. Implementation
• Algorithm
• Step1: start.
• Step 2:declare a variable to read accelerometer axis value ,sensor value.
• Step 3: assign a maximum and minimum value for accelerometer and force pressure sensor .
• Step 4: AT+CPIN To check sim is present or not.
• Step 5: AT+CMGF=1 To send SMS in form of text to the number.
• Step 6:AT+CNMI To read message from module.
• Step 7:read value of axis x ,y ,z and divided by min range it give standard values of axis and monitor
the force value.
• Step8: read the value of coordinates ,position value and sensor value.
• Step9: value is compared with the assigned value of maximum and minimum sensor values.
• Step10: if any changes in a value ,then its goes to take values from the GPS, speed , pressure and
temperature .
• Step 11:then convert GPS value in form of degree and minute form.
• Step12:send the captured data to the respective phone number.

13. Flow Chart

14. Circuit Diagram

15. Hardware and Software Description
1. Arduino UNO
Arduino is a open source and inexpensive containing
ATmega328P microcontroller .In our project the
Arduino acts like a heart, it is going to control all the
modules.
2.Speed sensor LM393
speed sensor LM393 is used to measure the speed of
the vehicle.It consists of LED and phototransistor
opposite to each other, when wheel rotate in between
the output will get in the form of pulses.

16. 3.Temperature sensor DHT11
It is commonly used as temperature and humidity
sensor in our project it is used to measure the
temperature of the engine. It act as a resistor if the
resistance changes the temperature additionally
changes.
4. Accelerometer ADXL335
ADXL335 may be a tiny ,thin ,low power and 3 axis
measuring instrument, employed in this project
for tilting application .It consists of low profile
package . It progressing to live full scale vary
acceleration with +or- three gravity .

17. 5.GPS module sim28ml
GPS (Global Positioning System) Module is a
navigation technology, which work under a principle
of trilateration. It is mainly used to collect the
location or position information. The GPS will works
independently ,it not require any user to transmit the
data hence these enhance the GPS to capture the
location information.
6.GSM module sim900A
GSM (Global system for mobile communication) is a
mobile communication model used for mobile
communication system. It is used in our project to
send SMS to the predefined number .It is a digital
cellular technology used to transmit mobile data
operates at frequency of 850MHz,900MHz and
1900MHz frequency bands.

18. 7.Force pressure sensor
Force pressure resistor[FSR] are a
piezoresistive sensing technology .In our
project FSR is used to collect the force
or pressure at which accident took place.
8.Arduino software
Arduino is an open-source electronics
platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software.

19. Results and Discussion
• By using prototype of Black Box device the investigations can be done
in a simplified way. Along with the alert systems and navigation
system , the delay in rescuing can be minimized and also intimation to
the family members can be done using a message containing accident
location.
• The current system can be further extended to send an alert message
whenever the speed sensor experiences high speed or rashness in
driving to the concerned person. By implementing more sensors
detailed information can be collected and also the same can be used
for claiming insurance.

20. Fig 1 :Serial monitor output
Fig 2 : Message output in phone

21. Progress of paper writing/patent
Project paper presented at“2nd International conference on advances
in computing and information technology (IACIT-2020)” and
publication in the Scopus Indexed Journal “Test Engineering and
Management”.

22. Applications
• This device can be used in any kind of automobiles to keep track on.
• The accident detection and alert system using Arduino prevent the
uncertain death after accident because this system send the message
alert to the hospital.
• Collect information related to vehicle.

23. References
[1]. J Naskath, G. Jaya Bharathi, A. subbalakshmi,“ARM Hardware
Platform for Vehicular Monitoring and Tracking in Road
Accidents”, International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology(IJRASET),Volume 3 Issue IV April 2015.
[2]. Varsha Goud, V.Padmaja, “Vehicle Accident Automatic Detection
and Remote Alarm Device”, International Journal of Reconfigurable
and Embedded Systems(IJRES),Volume 1,No.2,July 2012,pp.49-54.
[3].V. Sagar Reddy, Dr. L. Padma Sree, V. Naveen Kumar, “Design and
Development of accelerometer based system for driver safety”,
International Journal of Science ,Engineering and Technology
Research(IJSETR), Volume 3,Issue 12,December 2014.

24. [4].T Kalyani, S Monika, B Naresh, MahendraVucha, “Accident Detection
and Alert System”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-8, Issue-4S2, March 2019.
[5]. Pooja dharani. S, Tharuni. A.P, Viveka. S, “Automatic Vehicle Accident
Detection and Messaging System”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology(IRJET), Volume 06 Issue 04,April 2019.
[6]. Apurva Mane, Jaideep Rana, “Vehicle Collision Detection and Remote
Alarm Device using Arduino”, International Journal of Current
Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, No.3, June 2014.
[7]. Akshay Shinde, Abhishek Jagtap, Uday Tambat, Faiyaz Sayyed, Omkar
Dayal “Real Time Rash Driving Detection Using Android Application”,
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, Vol 8, Issue 3, March 2019.