Mila, alex k, teodor 103 overfishing ppt
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Overfishing occurs when more fish are caught than can naturally replenish, threatening the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Methods like bottom trawling are especially destructive as they involve dragging heavy nets along the seafloor and result in substantial unintended bycatch. The effects of overfishing include decreased biodiversity, disruption of food webs and ecosystem balance, destruction of habitats like reefs, and depletion of a major food source that can ruin fishing industries. No-take zones that prohibit fishing have been established in some areas to allow fish populations to recover and ensure long-term prosperity of fishing. Additional measures proposed to combat overfishing include catch limits, improved enforcement, alternative fisheries, and abolishing destructive practices.
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Overfishing
Overfishing poses major threats to ocean ecosystems through overcapacity, unsustainable fishing practices, and pollution from fishing vessels. Unsustainable fishing uses destructive nets and methods that catch too much fish and other sea life, endangering populations and distorting food chains. It also damages physical environments and habitats. If left unchecked, overfishing will waste large investments in the fishing industry and put livelihoods and businesses at risk. Solutions include setting safe catch limits based on science rather than politics, controlling bycatch, protecting important habitats, and strict monitoring and enforcement to ensure compliance.
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The document summarizes the negative impacts of overfishing, including the destruction of 40 tons of coral in the Pacific Ocean, 300,000 porpoise and dolphin deaths annually, 100 million sharks caught per year, and over 80% of shark species disappearing from the Atlantic Ocean. Technological advances have allowed humans to catch more fish than ever before, driving fish stocks down. Unless changes are made, all currently fished species are predicted to collapse by 2048. Possible solutions mentioned include marine stewardship councils, individual fishing quotas, marine reserves, and both short term and long term controls on fishing.
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Fish are a renewable resource if populations are managed sustainably, but overfishing has become a problem recently due to advances in fishing technology allowing much higher catches. Issues arise from large nets catching unintended species and damaging ocean habitats, while methods like dynamite fishing destroy reefs. Conservation efforts are needed like limiting catches, protecting spawning populations, and creating marine reserves to allow fish stocks to recover.
Fishing and Geographical Issues
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
Overfishing
Overfishing and pollution are severely impacting fish populations, with over half of fish stocks fully exploited and some depleted or collapsed. If overfishing continues, there may be no fish left in the oceans by 2048. Specific species like bluefin tuna have been overfished, with only 6-12% of their original populations remaining. Bycatch, or unwanted marine life caught in nets, accounts for 2-10 pounds of discard for every 1 pound of targeted shrimp and wastes about a quarter of global catches. Different fishing methods have varying environmental impacts, and aquaculture practices also affect local ecosystems.
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES
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After completing these stages of management the nursery pond is prepared for rearing fry and fingerlings.
The next stage is to select culturable species for stocking in the prepared pond and other management.
If we prepare a good nursery pond we will get a good production .
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Overfishing
The document discusses several issues with overfishing, including depleting fish populations, discarding unwanted catch, and bottom trawling damaging seafloor habitats. It provides examples of overfishing causing the cod population collapse in Canada in 1992, which resulted in economic crisis and job losses. Additionally, it discusses threats from shark finning and issues with aquaculture. Solutions proposed include creating no-take zones to help species regenerate and moving to more sustainable aquaculture practices.
2011 10.5 overfishing
Overfishing has led to unsustainable depletion of global fish stocks, with 52% of stocks fully exploited, 20% overexploited, and 7% depleted. If overfishing continues at current rates, fish populations will further decline and collapse is expected by 2050, disrupting marine ecosystems and harming economies and food security. Specific concerns include declining tuna populations, with the Mediterranean bluefin tuna facing imminent extinction without fishing reductions.
overfishing 10-8 2011
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It defines overfishing as catching fish faster than populations can replenish. While the world's oceans could theoretically support four planets' worth of fish, many species have become reduced or extinct due to overfishing. The document also examines fishing down the food chain, bycatch, bottom trawling, and how both overfishing and government subsidies of the fishing industry can harm marine ecosystems.
Overfishing power point
Overfishing is causing major damage to ocean ecosystems. Trawling fishing methods kill many unintended fish and discard them, while also damaging ocean floors. Popular fish like the Chilean Sea bass are being overfished to the point of endangerment. If overfishing continues at the current rate, experts predict we will deplete all fish stocks by 2048. This is unbalancing ocean environments by reducing predator populations and increasing jellyfish and rays, which leads to more algae blooms and the growth of "dead zones" - areas devoid of life. To ensure a sustainable food source for future generations, we need stronger laws against illegal fishing and overfishing to help reverse some of the damage done to oceans.
Amphibians ppt 1-1 10-3 mila satchansky lewbina
Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that live both on land and in water. They evolved from fish during the Devonian period over 370 million years ago. There are three main types: frogs and toads, salamanders, and caecilians. Amphibians have moist skin, lay eggs, and go through a tadpole stage as part of their lifecycle. They are under threat due to habitat loss and pollution.
Managerial Economics Market Structures PPT
The document discusses market structures and perfect competition. It defines a market and provides quotes defining a market. It then discusses the characteristics of perfect competition, including large numbers of buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and perfect information. Equilibrium for a firm under perfect competition occurs where marginal cost equals marginal revenue and the marginal cost curve cuts the marginal revenue curve from below.
Capital market ppt
The capital market allows investors to trade various investment instruments like bonds, equities, and mortgages. It connects investors with surplus funds to those with deficits, providing long-term and overnight funding. Financial instruments traded include equities, credit products, insurance, foreign exchange, hybrids, and derivatives. The capital market has two main segments - the primary market where new securities are issued, and the secondary market where existing securities are traded, creating liquidity.
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2010 overfishing presentation-overfishing.org_v1.2
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This document discusses various types of plankton and their roles in marine ecosystems. It describes phytoplankton like diatoms and dinoflagellates, which are primary producers, as well as zooplankton like copepods that feed on phytoplankton. It also discusses how some marine species like sea turtles, shrimp, and crabs spend part of their life as plankton. Overfishing and bycatch are negatively impacting fish stocks and endangered species like sea turtles, sharks, and tuna.
Responsible fishing_Jagannath Rathod_2013
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
10 endangered ocean species and marine animals
The document discusses 10 endangered ocean species and marine animals. It notes that 368 marine species are endangered or vulnerable according to the IUCN. Examples provided include the Hawksbill Turtle, whose population has declined 80% due to harvesting of eggs and shells, despite bans in many countries. The Steller Sea Lion population has dropped 60% from threats like predation and hunting. Hammerhead sharks are targeted for their fins, though finning is banned, the practice continues due to demand in Asian markets. The Vaquita is the world's smallest cetacean, with its population falling up to 15% annually due to gill-net fishing, leaving only 500-600 remaining. Blue whales were commercially hunted, reducing their numbers
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The document summarizes various aquatic biomes and human impacts on marine and freshwater ecosystems. It discusses the characteristics of pelagic and benthic marine biomes, as well as threats like overfishing, pollution, and climate change. It also covers impacts of dams, channelization, and wetland loss on freshwater systems. Overall, the document outlines the major ecosystem types in aquatic environments and human activities that negatively affect these ecosystems.
Overfishing by yuliya_miryana_bedros
Overfishing has led to declines in fish populations and damaged ocean ecosystems. Early overfishing in the 1800s depleted whale populations for oil. After WWII, efforts to increase protein availability quadrupled fishing capacity. Today the annual global fish catch exceeds 120 million tons, though overfishing is reducing populations of many species. Destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling damage coral reefs and seafloor habitats. Bycatch and discarded catch also contribute to declining fish and other marine species. No-take zones that prohibit all fishing have helped restore some ecosystems and fish populations.
The seafood industry’s affect on the world’s oceans
The document summarizes issues facing the seafood industry, including overfishing, illegal fishing, bycatch, and environmental impacts of some fishing and aquaculture practices. It notes that overfishing has reduced fish populations to just 10% of original levels and 75% of fisheries are overexploited. Improper aquaculture can also damage habitats and pollute waters. Sustainable solutions proposed include improved management of fisheries through catch limits, protected areas, and more selective fishing gear to reduce bycatch and habitat damage.
Fishing industry
This document discusses fisheries and issues surrounding overfishing. It notes that fisheries provide the third largest food source globally and are concentrated in coastal waters. Modern industrial fishing uses large nets, sonar, and processing ships. Methods like trawling and longlining can harm habitats and unintentionally catch other species. Overfishing has depleted some fisheries to the point it would take decades to recover even with a complete ban. Other issues include pollution, warming oceans from climate change, and destruction of coastal ecosystems. The document presents aquaculture as a potential solution but also notes it has disadvantages like requiring fishmeal from wild fisheries and producing large amounts of waste.
4483597.ppt
This document discusses threats to aquatic biodiversity from habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of resources. It provides examples of biodiversity loss in various aquatic ecosystems like Lake Victoria and the Florida Everglades. The document also outlines approaches to protect aquatic biodiversity such as creating marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, reducing pollution, and restoring degraded habitats like wetlands.
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Overfishing occurs when fishing activities reduce fish populations below sustainable levels. The document discusses several consequences of overfishing including depletion of fish stocks, disruption of marine ecosystems, and collapse of global fish populations by 2050 at current rates. Specific harmful fishing methods like bottom trawling are described that damage ocean habitats. Solutions proposed include establishing no-take zones for species protection and increasing aquaculture to meet food demands.
Overfishing2
Overfishing is catching too many fish and depleting fish populations. It occurs in three main ways: harvesting fish before maturity, leaving insufficient adults to reproduce, and overfishing predator species which disrupts ecosystems. Global fish catches peaked in 2006 at 144 million tons but over half of fish stocks are now fully or overexploited. Destructive fishing practices like bottom trawling and cyanide fishing damage ocean habitats while bycatch wastes untargeted species. Overfishing led to the complete collapse of Newfoundland cod fisheries in the 1990s. Bluefin tuna faces extinction due to overfishing and uncertain catch quotas.
Presentation power point
Overfishing in the Gulf of California has led to the depletion of many fish populations and disruption of the marine ecosystem. The gulf supports over 700 species of fish and is an important food and economic source for nearly 6 million people. However, unsustainable fishing practices like catching too many adult fish and excessive bycatch have reduced fish populations by 52-90% in many areas of the gulf. This overfishing threatens the livelihoods of coastal communities and the health of the ecosystem. Stronger enforcement of fishing regulations and monitoring is needed to promote sustainable fishing and protect the Gulf of California.
Reefs at Risk - 1998
Findings from the 1998 WRI report - Reefs at Risk: A Map-Based Indicator of Threats to the World's Coral Reefs (http://bit.ly/8P50bO) - to be revisited in 2010.
World Wildlife Fund
The document discusses Earth Hour, an event organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to raise awareness about climate change. It notes that WWF works with experts around the world on issues like carbon emissions reductions and forest protection. It also provides details about the Southeast Rivers and Streams region in the United States, which contains high biodiversity but many threatened species of fish, mussels, and other aquatic life. Biodiversity in the region is declining due to environmental impacts.
Overfishing stoyan elia_nadezhda_10-5
1. Overfishing is a major problem affecting many bodies of water like the Atlantic Ocean and areas around the Philippines. It disrupts ecosystems and can cause extinctions of species.
2. Techniques like bottom trawling that indiscriminately catch large amounts of fish and other sea life are very harmful. They destroy ocean habitats and catch unintended species as bycatch.
3. No-take zones that prohibit fishing have had some success in restoring ecosystems and increasing biodiversity and fish populations, which can also help fishing industries.
Cachalote
The sperm whale is the largest toothed animal and can grow up to 20.5 meters long. It has a worldwide distribution and primarily eats squid, diving as deep as 3 kilometers. The greatest threat was commercial whaling, which has now ceased, but other threats remain like entanglement in fishing gear and interactions with long-line fisheries. Conservation actions include management by the International Whaling Commission, but regional assessments are still needed.
Leatherback Sea Turtles
The leatherback turtle is critically endangered and listed on the IUCN Red List. It is the largest sea turtle and can be found in over 70 countries. The harvesting of eggs on beaches and ocean pollution from plastic waste are major threats. If extreme measures are not taken to limit pollution and reform fishing practices, these unique deep-diving turtles that have inhabited our oceans for over 100 million years may become extinct. International cooperation is needed to prevent the extinction of this migratory species.
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Invasive species 10_8 2011
Invasive species are species that are not native to an area and cause harm when introduced. Not all alien species are invasive, as some can be beneficial. Invasive species are often r-selected, tolerant of different habitats, and have no natural predators in their new environment. They outcompete native species and can alter ecosystems. They cause economic problems for agriculture. Common introduction methods are intentional and unintentional human transport. Prevention methods include laws, careful gardening, fishing, and travel to new areas. Eradication, natural enemies, and ecosystem management are used after introduction.
2011 10-5 - air pollution
The document discusses various sources and effects of air pollution. It focuses on nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ground-level ozone, and particulate matter as major air pollutants. Sources discussed include transportation, industry, power plants, and residential heating. Effects on both human health and the environment are outlined, such as respiratory illnesses, acid rain, smog, and global warming. The document then examines specific issues related to air pollution in Bulgaria and Mexico City, and provides recommendations for reducing air pollution through alternatives to automobiles, cleaner fuels and technologies, better city planning, and individual lifestyle changes.
2011 10 5 dams.ppt
Dams have several ecological impacts. They block sediment and change water flows, damaging fish habitats and interrupting lifecycles. Sediment builds up behind dams, increasing flood risks. Cleared water lacks nutrients and cover for downstream organisms. Stagnant water breeds diseases. Dams displace many people and change flooding patterns vital to agriculture. Major dams like China's Three Gorges and Egypt's Aswan dams displaced over 1 million and 60,000 people respectively.
Vitanova kirilov dimitrov 10 5 eutrophication
Eutrophication refers to an increase in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in an aquatic ecosystem. This stimulates an overgrowth of algae known as algal blooms. The main sources of these excess nutrients are fertilizers and sewage from human activities. Algal blooms can deplete oxygen levels and block sunlight, harming other species and reducing biodiversity. Examples of eutrophication include the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Mexico "dead zone". Solutions involve reducing nutrient runoff from agriculture and improving waste water treatment.
Jetcheva filipova kalpakov raynova 10 4 inv species
The document discusses invasive species and their impacts. It provides examples of the brown rat and giant fern. Invasive species are often introduced by human actions and can harm ecosystems by disrupting native species, altering processes, and introducing diseases. They can also negatively impact economies by reducing land values and causing economic losses. Prevention efforts include restricting intentional introductions and early detection of new invaders.
Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4
Air pollution is defined as gases, dust, smells, and fumes in harmful amounts that are released into the air. Major causes include factories, increased population, and burning fossil fuels. Examples are acid rain, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Effects are damage to health, environment, and visibility. Solutions proposed include tighter emissions standards, cleaner fuels, and increased public transportation to address traffic as a significant source of pollution especially in cities like Mexico City.
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Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients, usually nitrogen and phosphorus, that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. It can occur naturally or be accelerated by human activities such as agriculture and development. When eutrophication is accelerated by human activities, it can negatively impact the balance of organisms in the body of water and potentially lead to algal blooms and fish kills due to low oxygen levels. Managing eutrophication involves reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and erosion.
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Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a pollutant at a rate greater than it can eliminate it, resulting in increasing concentrations of the pollutant in the organism's body over time. Biomagnification occurs when concentrations of a pollutant increase at each trophic level in a food chain. Certain substances like mercury, DDT, and radioactive materials are prone to bioaccumulation and biomagnification due to their ability to dissolve in fats and persist in the environment. A classic example is the buildup of DDT in birds of prey in North America in the 1960s which impaired reproduction.
Ch 55 ecosystems
The document summarizes key topics in ecosystems, including:
1) Ecosystems are defined as the sum of all organisms in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with. Energy flows and matter cycles through ecosystems.
2) Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs. Net primary production (NPP) is the amount remaining after respiration. NPP determines the base of the food chain.
3) Pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with typically only 10% passing to each higher level.
Eutrophication teddy, veli, alex kanov
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induces excessive growth of algae. This excess algae growth eventually dies and decomposes, consuming oxygen and releasing toxins. As a result, oxygen levels in the water decrease and some aquatic life may die, creating "dead zones". Two major examples discussed are the Gulf of Mexico dead zone caused by fertilizer runoff from farming, and the Baltic Sea dead zone exacerbated by agricultural and municipal waste. Reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and wastewater is necessary to prevent further eutrophication.
Ecological impacts of dams & water diversions
Dams and water diversions can have both positive and negative ecological impacts. Positively, dams provide benefits like hydropower, irrigation, flood control and more. However, they can also harm wildlife such as disrupting fish migration and reducing sediments downstream. This impacts wetland species and water quality. Dams may also cause erosion of downstream areas and change water temperature, flow and salinity levels. Large dam projects have additionally displaced many people from their homes. Examples highlighted are the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River.
Biomagnification & bioaccumulation_2
Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances in an organism that are at higher concentrations than in the environment. Substances more likely to bioaccumulate are hydrophobic, not easily biodegraded, and can bind to fat tissues. Biomagnification occurs across trophic levels as predators accumulate higher concentrations than their prey. Certain persistent organic pollutants and metals like mercury are prone to biomagnification up the food chain. Both processes can lead to toxic effects, especially in top predators like polar bears and humans who face greater risks from consuming biomagnified pollutants in food over time.
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The document discusses various types of air pollution including ground-level ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. It provides examples of severe air pollution issues in Norilsk, Russia and London, England. Causes, health effects, and some solutions are described for each type of pollution.
Eutrophication1
Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus entering water bodies from sources like agricultural and urban runoff. This causes harmful algae blooms which can reduce oxygen levels and kill fish and aquatic life. Two examples are the hypoxic "Dead Zone" in the Gulf of Mexico caused by Mississippi River runoff and a large "Dead Zone" in the Baltic Sea from Swedish and Finnish fertilizer use. Preventing eutrophication requires reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and sewage as well as planting vegetation to absorb excess nutrients.
Ecological impacts of dams and water diversions
Dams impact rivers and their ecosystems in several ways. They block migratory fish from accessing spawning habitats upstream, as fish ladders are often ineffective. This disrupts fish life cycles and populations. Dams also alter sediment and water flow, affecting water quality, aquatic habitats, and nutrient levels downstream. Large dams significantly change river landscapes and environments, sometimes flooding important habitats and destroying cultural heritage sites.
Biomagnification victoria,sylvia,violetta
The document discusses biomagnification and bioaccumulation of pollutants in food chains. Biomagnification occurs when pollutant concentrations increase at higher trophic levels, such as when predators accumulate larger amounts of pollutants found in their prey. Common pollutants that biomagnify include pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and mercury. These pollutants can harm organisms and biomagnify up food chains to negatively impact human health. The document provides examples of biomagnification for various pollutants like PCBs and mercury.
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This document discusses air pollution in Bulgaria and its causes and effects. It notes that air pollution is worse now due to industrial development, motor vehicles, and population growth. The main sources of air pollutants in Bulgaria are old vehicles without catalytic converters, coal burning for heating, and industries like steel production. The document also examines air pollution measures in Mexico City and its geographical factors contributing to pollution problems from vehicles, power plants, and industry.
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Dams have several ecological impacts:
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2. They often require resettlement of nearby populations, disrupting communities and livelihoods.
3. Dams block sediment flow and damage aquatic ecosystems downstream by preventing nutrient transport.
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Eutrophication is a process where a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induces excessive growth of algae. This can result in algal blooms which reduce oxygen in the water by decomposing and can release toxins. Sources of eutrophication include phosphorus and nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage runoff. Long-term eutrophication has damaged ecosystems by decreasing biodiversity and increasing toxicity. Prevention efforts include regulating agricultural runoff and creating buffer zones while cleanup methods involve filtering pollutants.
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1) Bioaccumulation and biomagnification refer to the accumulation of substances up the food chain, resulting in increased concentrations at higher trophic levels. Bioaccumulation is the accumulation in tissues through any route of exposure, while biomagnification is the transfer between trophic levels in a food web.
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3) Common pollutants that are known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify include
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