Miguel Primo De Rivera 1923-31
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Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup called a "Pronunciamiento" in 1923 in Spain with the support of King Alfonso XIII to establish a dictatorship with the goals of national unity, regeneration from above, paternalism, populism, and machismo. His policies included autarky, corporatism, and banning leftist groups like the PSOE, CPE, and UGT. Opposition arose from Catalan nationalism, anarcho-syndicalists, and military factions. The economic depression of 1929 led industrialists and landowners to withdraw support, forcing Primo de Rivera's resignation and tainting the image of the monarchy, while Republicanism grew in
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The document summarizes the transition from a stratified society based on estates to a class society in 19th century Europe due to industrialization and political revolutions. It led to the rise of two main social classes - the bourgeoisie who owned the means of production, and the proletariat or working class. The working class organized and demanded better working conditions through trade unions and socialist movements. Karl Marx advocated for the socialist revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie. Anarchists also sought to abolish capitalism and the state through workers' control of production.
The contemporany age
During the early 19th century, Spain underwent great changes due to the industrial revolution. Modern industries developed thanks to inventions like the steam engine, bringing electricity to cities, and steam locomotives. Cities changed dramatically with wider streets, new buildings like schools and hospitals, and population growth due to improved healthcare. However, this also increased inequality between social classes. The first king of 19th century Spain was Carlos IV, until France invaded in 1808, starting the War of Independence in which Spanish guerrillas and allies like the UK and Portugal helped defeat Napoleon's army. Political instability in early 20th century Spain included the loss of its last colonies and the rise and fall of the Second Spanish Republic, leading to a civil war.
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During the early 19th century, Spain underwent great changes due to the industrial revolution. Modern industries developed thanks to inventions like the steam engine, bringing electricity to cities, and steam locomotives. Cities changed dramatically with wider streets, new buildings like schools and hospitals, and population growth due to improved healthcare. However, this also increased inequality between social classes. The first king of 19th century Spain was Carlos IV, until France invaded in 1808 under Napoleon, starting the War of Independence where Spanish guerrillas and allies helped defeat French forces. Political instability in early 20th century Spain included the loss of its last colonies and the rise and fall of the Second Spanish Republic, leading to a civil war.
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2. During this period, Spain struggled with problems like caciquismo (political corruption), latifundismo (unequal land distribution), illiteracy, and the rise of regional nationalist movements.
3. In the early 20th century, dissatisfaction with the monarchy increased as left-wing ideologies like anarchism and socialism gained popularity. The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera ruled from 1923-1930 amid unrest, until the establishment of the Second Spanish
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- World War I inflation exacerbated social unrest, with a general strike in 1917 joined by military and political protests, challenging the government.
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The Spanish Civil War was a complex conflict with various long-term causes:
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Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
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