The document summarizes major historical events and developments from the 18th century to today. It discusses the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, imperialism and World Wars, and more recent challenges and advances in human rights, science/technology, and daily life. Key events included the French Revolution of 1789, Britain becoming the first industrialized country in the late 18th century, and the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 after World War II.

2.  CONTEMPORARY REVOLUTIONS.
 IMOERIALISM AND WORLD WARS.
 CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES.

4. There was a serious economic
crisis in France.
Inequalities between different social groups
18th century became more severe.
the common people filled the streets
of Paris and took control of the Bastille
14th July 1789 fortress symbol of the French King’s
power.
After the French Revolution, the nobility lost their special
privileges.
Commoners could vote in free elections and participate in
government.
The most values of the French Revolution – liberty, equality and
fraternity

5. First industrialised country was the United
Kingdom.
Second half of the 18th century. Coal , petroleum, gas and electricity
Transport became common, such as steam ships,
steam locomotives and automobiles.
Millions of people moved from rural areas to urban areas, usually
to find work in factories.
New social group appeared, called proletariat. Factory worker
who lived in the poorest parts of towns and cities.

6. Countries needed rawmaterials to make their
products and sources of energy to power their
factories.
Markets in which they could sell their products.
Some countries chose to expand and establish
19th century colonies. This process is known as imperialism.
controls an
empire of weaker countries, which are called
colonies.
The United Kingdom, France, the United States, Spain.
Controlled most of Africa, Asia and Oceania.

7. The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945 to
promote peace and dialogue between countries.
The United States and the USSR became superpowers.
The world was divided into two political alliances. The
Western world was
formed by the United States and its allies. The
Communist world was formed
by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
The Cold War started. There was tension between the
superpowers, but they
didn´t attack. The Cold War ended in 1991, went the
USSR broke up into many independent states.

8. In human rights.
Today, many countries around the world respect the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
In science and technology.
In daily life.