Is there a spectrum shortage? The answer to the question is both yes and no; in some locations spectrum is severely congested, while in other places it is highly underutilized
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devicesEricsson
Under the umbrella of 3GPP, radio-access technologies for mobile broadband have evolved effectively to provide connectivity to billions of subscribers and things. Within this ecosystem, the standardization of a radio technology for massive MTC applications – narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) – is also evolving. The aim is for this technology to provide cost-effective connectivity to billions of IoT devices, supporting low power consumption, the use of low-cost devices, and provision of excellent coverage – all rolled out as software on top of existing LTE infrastructure. The design of NB-IoT mimics that of LTE, facilitating radio network evolution and efficient coexistence with MBB, reducing time to market, and reaping the benefits of standardization and economies of scale.
The IoT embeds a broad range of MTC applications, and among the different types, massive MTC – including applications like smart metering, agriculture and real estate monitoring – sets a number of performance targets for connectivity. Attempting to meet these IoT targets using a radio-access technology designed for mobile broadband, however, doesn't make economic sense. Networks that provide connectivity to massive MTC applications need a radio-access technology that can deliver widespread coverage and low power consumption, often in signal-challenged locations. Hence the need for narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT).
NB-IoT is a 3GPP radio-access technology designed to meet the connectivity requirements for massive MTC applications, as well as the design targets for IoT including low device cost, extended coverage, 40 devices per household, long battery life, and uplink latency of under 10 seconds.
NB-IoT enjoys all the benefits of licensed spectrum, the feature richness of EPC, and the overall ecosystem spread of 3GPP. At the same time, NB-IoT has been designed to meet the challenging TCO structure of the IoT market.
This articles reveals how NB-IoT is being designed and how it can be deployed in GSM spectrum, within an LTE carrier, or in an LTE or WCDMA guard band.
SCWS LATAM 2016- Integrating Small Cells & Wi-Fi: Co-existence in unlicensed ...Alberto Boaventura
Intends to bring in discussion of benefits and challenges of usage unlicensed spectrum in LTE SmallCells , providing an overview about all candidate technologies and introducing their advantages and constraints.
Propelling 5G forward: a closer look at 3GPP Release-16Qualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes the 3GPP 5G NR Release 16 projects, including eMBB enhancements, unlicensed, sidelink, IAB, TSN, eURLLC, private networks, C-V2X, and more...
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;
Intends to provide a description of overall benefits about SDN and NFV in Mobile Network Architecture and its Evolution to 5G. Also, brigs to a discussion some concerns and open questions, such as transport, architecture, standardization, security, performance etc.
The evolution of mobile networks to 4G technologies, and primarily LTE, sets additional requirements and challenges for operator backhaul networks. The selection of flexible and future-proof microwave backhaul technologies is of paramount importance. Maravedis and Intracom wireless experts present critical trends in backhaul technologies and markets.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devicesEricsson
Under the umbrella of 3GPP, radio-access technologies for mobile broadband have evolved effectively to provide connectivity to billions of subscribers and things. Within this ecosystem, the standardization of a radio technology for massive MTC applications – narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) – is also evolving. The aim is for this technology to provide cost-effective connectivity to billions of IoT devices, supporting low power consumption, the use of low-cost devices, and provision of excellent coverage – all rolled out as software on top of existing LTE infrastructure. The design of NB-IoT mimics that of LTE, facilitating radio network evolution and efficient coexistence with MBB, reducing time to market, and reaping the benefits of standardization and economies of scale.
The IoT embeds a broad range of MTC applications, and among the different types, massive MTC – including applications like smart metering, agriculture and real estate monitoring – sets a number of performance targets for connectivity. Attempting to meet these IoT targets using a radio-access technology designed for mobile broadband, however, doesn't make economic sense. Networks that provide connectivity to massive MTC applications need a radio-access technology that can deliver widespread coverage and low power consumption, often in signal-challenged locations. Hence the need for narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT).
NB-IoT is a 3GPP radio-access technology designed to meet the connectivity requirements for massive MTC applications, as well as the design targets for IoT including low device cost, extended coverage, 40 devices per household, long battery life, and uplink latency of under 10 seconds.
NB-IoT enjoys all the benefits of licensed spectrum, the feature richness of EPC, and the overall ecosystem spread of 3GPP. At the same time, NB-IoT has been designed to meet the challenging TCO structure of the IoT market.
This articles reveals how NB-IoT is being designed and how it can be deployed in GSM spectrum, within an LTE carrier, or in an LTE or WCDMA guard band.
SCWS LATAM 2016- Integrating Small Cells & Wi-Fi: Co-existence in unlicensed ...Alberto Boaventura
Intends to bring in discussion of benefits and challenges of usage unlicensed spectrum in LTE SmallCells , providing an overview about all candidate technologies and introducing their advantages and constraints.
Propelling 5G forward: a closer look at 3GPP Release-16Qualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes the 3GPP 5G NR Release 16 projects, including eMBB enhancements, unlicensed, sidelink, IAB, TSN, eURLLC, private networks, C-V2X, and more...
Lte 5 g latim america 2017 what ran and small cell developments will make 5...Alberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about benefits of SmallCells in order for capturing high density traffic. Also, presents new 5G architecture and technologies for high capacity supporting, such as: mmWave support; massive MIMO; beamforming; New Radio Design; virtualization in the edge;
Intends to provide a description of overall benefits about SDN and NFV in Mobile Network Architecture and its Evolution to 5G. Also, brigs to a discussion some concerns and open questions, such as transport, architecture, standardization, security, performance etc.
The evolution of mobile networks to 4G technologies, and primarily LTE, sets additional requirements and challenges for operator backhaul networks. The selection of flexible and future-proof microwave backhaul technologies is of paramount importance. Maravedis and Intracom wireless experts present critical trends in backhaul technologies and markets.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feels that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands. In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks also will need to meet new use cases such as the Internet of Things (internet connected devices) as well as broadcast-like services and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster. Although updated standards that define capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are under consideration, those new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016. 5G research and development also aims at improved support of machine to machine communication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lower cost, lower battery consumption and lower latency than 4G equipment. To put it simply, the use cases for 4G networks has expanded well beyond the initial scope of the standard. 5G is what you get when you reset the standard/design to cope with the increase in scope.4G networks don’t just support mobile devices anymore. IOT (Internet of Things) devices are everywhere and the number of them is only going to increase. We’re seeing 4G modems in smart watches, in CCTVs and even in doorbells.
Enabling the rise of the smartphone: Chronicling the developmental history at...Qualcomm Research
Today’s smartphones are a marvel of modern technology — handheld devices with vast computing power, incredible multimedia and AI capabilities, and blazing fast data rates that support mobile browsing, social media interaction, and more. From humble beginnings as a cellphone focused purely on voice communication, the capability and functionality of modern smartphones have advanced tremendously. This presentation chronicles Qualcomm’s role in the rise of the smartphone from its initial beginnings to becoming the largest computing platform in the world. It includes:
- Key technology developments that led to today’s smartphones
- The role of Moore’s Law in driving new innovations and additional integration into mobile processors
- Qualcomm’s critical role in advancing the smartphone’s capabilities through groundbreaking innovations and key technology developments
5G Technology Seminar presentation in depth with best illustrations and data from many sources at one place.
Please follow me on social media for more such slides.
DM For any slides preparation.
LTE LATAM 2015 - Base Station Virtualization: Advantages and ChallengesAlberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about Mobile Access Network centralization due data traffic density explosion. Shows the Cloud RAN as viable alternative for access network and its advantages. However, it presents the critical points of this implementation.
Millimeter wave mobile communication for 5G cellular.Apurv Modi
Introducing the Fifth generation(5G) cellular technology that is use "millimeter wave" technology,as research is going on this approach and by 2020 5G mobile cellular will work on to the millimeter wave with great spectrum bandwidth and very less cost with serving of 100 billion wireless connection across the world
5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using "5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a definition that came into general use by late 2018. Others may reserve the term for systems that meet the requirements of the ITU IMT-2020. 3GPP will submit their 5G NR to the ITU.[1] It follows 2G, 3G and 4G and their respective associated technologies (such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced Pro and others).
5G has been fully commercialized, and human communication technology has once again embarked on a period of rapid development. With the development of rocket recovery, low-orbit satellites, and 6G satellite network technology, sci-fi communication methods are not far away from us.
In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established a 6G research group to promote 6G-related work. In April of the same year, the University of Oulu hosted the world's first 6G summit. 6G is expected to achieve further technical indicators. The air interface delay is less than 0.1ms, the network depth coverage rate reaches 100%, millimeter-level sensing, and positioning, unit power consumption is greatly reduced, transmission bandwidth will reach TB level, and the density of connected hundreds of devices will reach per cubic meter.
On April 20, 2020, the China Development and Reform Commission clarified the scope of new infrastructure for the first time and included satellite Internet into the scope of communication network infrastructure. At present, many domestic enterprises have begun to actively deploy the satellite Internet industry.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The next generation of wireless mobile communication is here know as 5G cellular which will revolutionize the way which see at wireless communication today !!!
The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feels that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands. In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks also will need to meet new use cases such as the Internet of Things (internet connected devices) as well as broadcast-like services and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster. Although updated standards that define capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are under consideration, those new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016. 5G research and development also aims at improved support of machine to machine communication, also known as the Internet of things, aiming at lower cost, lower battery consumption and lower latency than 4G equipment. To put it simply, the use cases for 4G networks has expanded well beyond the initial scope of the standard. 5G is what you get when you reset the standard/design to cope with the increase in scope.4G networks don’t just support mobile devices anymore. IOT (Internet of Things) devices are everywhere and the number of them is only going to increase. We’re seeing 4G modems in smart watches, in CCTVs and even in doorbells.
Enabling the rise of the smartphone: Chronicling the developmental history at...Qualcomm Research
Today’s smartphones are a marvel of modern technology — handheld devices with vast computing power, incredible multimedia and AI capabilities, and blazing fast data rates that support mobile browsing, social media interaction, and more. From humble beginnings as a cellphone focused purely on voice communication, the capability and functionality of modern smartphones have advanced tremendously. This presentation chronicles Qualcomm’s role in the rise of the smartphone from its initial beginnings to becoming the largest computing platform in the world. It includes:
- Key technology developments that led to today’s smartphones
- The role of Moore’s Law in driving new innovations and additional integration into mobile processors
- Qualcomm’s critical role in advancing the smartphone’s capabilities through groundbreaking innovations and key technology developments
5G Technology Seminar presentation in depth with best illustrations and data from many sources at one place.
Please follow me on social media for more such slides.
DM For any slides preparation.
LTE LATAM 2015 - Base Station Virtualization: Advantages and ChallengesAlberto Boaventura
Brings the discussion about Mobile Access Network centralization due data traffic density explosion. Shows the Cloud RAN as viable alternative for access network and its advantages. However, it presents the critical points of this implementation.
Millimeter wave mobile communication for 5G cellular.Apurv Modi
Introducing the Fifth generation(5G) cellular technology that is use "millimeter wave" technology,as research is going on this approach and by 2020 5G mobile cellular will work on to the millimeter wave with great spectrum bandwidth and very less cost with serving of 100 billion wireless connection across the world
5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using "5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a definition that came into general use by late 2018. Others may reserve the term for systems that meet the requirements of the ITU IMT-2020. 3GPP will submit their 5G NR to the ITU.[1] It follows 2G, 3G and 4G and their respective associated technologies (such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced Pro and others).
5G has been fully commercialized, and human communication technology has once again embarked on a period of rapid development. With the development of rocket recovery, low-orbit satellites, and 6G satellite network technology, sci-fi communication methods are not far away from us.
In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established a 6G research group to promote 6G-related work. In April of the same year, the University of Oulu hosted the world's first 6G summit. 6G is expected to achieve further technical indicators. The air interface delay is less than 0.1ms, the network depth coverage rate reaches 100%, millimeter-level sensing, and positioning, unit power consumption is greatly reduced, transmission bandwidth will reach TB level, and the density of connected hundreds of devices will reach per cubic meter.
On April 20, 2020, the China Development and Reform Commission clarified the scope of new infrastructure for the first time and included satellite Internet into the scope of communication network infrastructure. At present, many domestic enterprises have begun to actively deploy the satellite Internet industry.
Emerging Technologies of Future Multimedia Coding, Analysis and TransmissionSitha Sok
Emerging Technologies of Future Multimedia Coding, Analysis and Transmission.
Overview of the Second Generation AVS Video Coding Standard (AVS2).
An Introduction to High Efficiency Video Coding Range Extensions.
Multi⁃Layer Extension of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devicesSitha Sok
NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devices.
The aim is for this technology to provide cost-effective connectivity to billions of IoT devices, supporting low power consumption, the use of low-cost devices, and provision of excellent coverage – all rolled out as software on top of existing LTE infrastructure.
With billions of things connecting in the Internet of Things, the extensive footprint, reliability, security and proven performance of cellular networks is the ideal platform for growth. With Ericsson software enhancements, it just got better.
Billions of connected devices and things. Billions of people. 5G will provide connectivity for all of these things and people as well as businesses and industry, bringing benefit to society. Operating machinery in hazardous environments from a remote control will be enabled through near-zero latency communication links that enable real-time video. Billions of video-enabled devices will be able to share bandwidth-hungry content. These are just a few applications that illustrate what 5G will be designed for.
Empirical Investigation of Indoor/NLOS Propagation at Millimeter Wave Bands F...IJRES Journal
The growth in the communication industry demands a high bandwidth capacity to cope with the multimedia application services. The lower frequency bands allocated for communication, apart from being congested, is also incapable of the gigabits throughput delivery needed for the various applications. Therefore, it is highly imperative to engage the millimeter wave frequency bands to provide the adequate frequency spectrum. The peculiarities of the millimeter wave propagation are challenges to achieve this goal. This work conducted empirical measurements of the indoor propagation performances of 24 and 60GHz frequency bands. The results show that 24GHz band performs better in NLOS propagation than 60GHz hence, WLAN with gigabits throughputs can be deployed within offices in a modern building using the 24GHz Ubiquity Air fiber ptp links.
Ericsson Technology Review: Designing for the future: the 5G NR physical layerEricsson
More than a simple evolution of today’s 4G (LTE) networks, 5G will also include a new, globally standardized radio access technology known as New Radio (NR). 5G NR is well suited to meet the complex and sometimes contradictory requirements within the areas of enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. All the 5G NR physical layer technology components are flexible, ultra-lean and forward compatible.
ABSTRACT The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless carriers has motivated the exploration of the underutilized millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks. There is, however, little knowledge about cellular mm-wave propagation in densely populated indoor and outdoor environments. Obtaining this information is vital for the design and operation of future fifth generation cellular networks that use the mm-wave spectrum. In this paper, we present the motivation for new mm-wave cellular systems, methodology, and hardware for measurements and offer a variety of measurement results that show 28 and 38 GHz frequencies can be used when employing steerable directional antennas at base stations and mobile devices.
INDEX TERMS 28GHz, 38GHz, millimeter wave propagation measurements, directional antennas, channel models, 5G, cellular, mobile communications, MIMO.
An implementation of_partial_transmit_seWaleed Raza
In this article we research about underwater
acoustics transceivers. As Underwater acoustic transceivers
consume more power than Radio frequency transceivers.
The techniques which are being utilized in radio frequency
cannot be implemented directly in underwater acoustic
system it needs to be re investigated to design new methods.
To achieve reliable acoustic data transmission new
techniques should be achieved or the traditional
Orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing techniques
should be revised. The power consumption also relies upon
underwater acoustic signal propagation and transmission
distances. Several underwater acoustic applications require
long-term monitoring of the sea. For the battery powered
modems, it becomes very serious problem. By designing an
Energy efficient OFDM Communication system we can
solve this problem. We study about peak to average power
ratio in an Orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing
system by reducing the major draw-back of OFDM system.
The PAPR reduction utilized in this paper is Partial
Transmit Sequences for underwater acoustic OFDM
communication system which has lesser complexity. The
results have provided better performance in underwater
acoustic OFDM communication system.
Today, we talk about the 5G NR communication technology and its characteristics.
The current communication technology is mainly divided into two types: wired communication and wireless communication. Wired communication uses wired media for conduction, such as copper wire, optical fiber, and so on.
Data transmission in wired media can reach a very high rate, and the current maximum experimental rate of a single fiber can reach 26Tbps. But the bottleneck of mobile communication lies in the wireless communication part. The current mainstream mobile communication standard is LTE, with a theoretical speed of 150Mbps, which is much lower than the wired transmission rate.
Techniques for Improving BER and SNR in MIMO Antenna for Optimum PerformanceIJMTST Journal
The use of multiple antennas for diversity, including MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is one of the most promising wireless technologies for broadband communication applications. This antenna system is a vital study in today’s wireless communication system especially when the signal propagates through some corrupted environments. In our paper new techniques of improving bit error ratio and signal to noise ratio are discussed. Inter symbol interference is a major limitation of wireless communications. It degrades the performance significantly if the delay spread is comparable or higher than the symbol duration. To remove ISI, equalization needs to be included at the receiver end. This paper discusses the merits of the MIMO system and the techniques used for improving BER performance and SNR. In MIMO wireless communication, an equalizer is used to recover a signal that suffers from Inter symbol Interference (ISI) and the BER characteristics is improved and a good SNR can be obtained. Different equalization techniques are discussed in this paper.
Similar to Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband (20)
Mobile World No.2 2016
This issue features the inside story behind ZTE's Spro family and ZTE's chief design officer's insight on product design. It also presents ZTE's latest handset Blade V7 Lite.
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016 : Optical wireless communicationsSitha Sok
ZTE COMMUNICATIONS No.2 2016
Fresh off the Press! The April issue focuses on optical wireless communications. Harald Hass, "the father of Li-Fi", and his student contributed to this special issue.
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES No.3 2016 - Special topic: Big VideoSitha Sok
Special Topic
- The Road to Big Video Revolution
- PSVN: The Ultimate Path to Video Transmission Network
- Big Video Best View
- Promising CDN in the Big Video Era
ZTE Technologies » 2016 » No.1
Special Topic
5G Network Architecture: Being Built Like Lego BlocksBy Xu Fang
Unified Air Interfaces in 5G
OTCE: A Win-Win Telecom Ecosystem for Operators
Latest News from ZTE
Hands-on
ZTE MF286: Mobile Officing Made Easy
ZTE Blade L5 Plus: A Pragmatic Smartphone
ZTE Blade S7
Focus
ZTE Gives Back to the Community with NBA in the USBill (Lei) Wu
Design&Art
Challenges and Progress in Mobile Battery Design
Back to BasicsLi Yan
Smart Gadgets
Will 3D Touch Revolutionize Smartphone Interaction?
Live Broadcasting in the Future
Fashion
Beating the Cold Weather
ZTE World
5G White Paper By NGMN Alliance.
The fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) is positioned to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond. It is expected to enable a fully mobile and connected society and to empower socio-economic transformations in countless ways many of which are unimagined today, including those for productivity, sustainability and well-being. The demands of a fully mobile and connected society are characterized by the tremendous growth in connectivity and density/volume of traffic, the required multi-layer intensification in enabling this, and the broad range of use cases and business models expected.
5G Spectrum Recommendations White Paper. The voice of 5G in America. 5G is associated with the next step of IMT (i.e., IMT-2020), for which initial planning is currently under way in the ITU.
ZTE Communications ZTE Communications is a quarterly peer‐reviewed technical magazine ISSN (1673‐5188). It focuses on the innovation of ICT technologies, and has been listed in major international databases. It is distributed to telecom reseachers and operators in more than 140 countries.
A technical magazine that keeps up with the latest industry trends, communicates leading technologies and solutions, and shares stories of our customer success.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
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Microwave backhaul gets a boost with multiband
1. A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
JANUARY 25, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 1
C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N V O L U M E 9 3 | # 1 ∙ 2 0 1 6
MICROWAVEBACKHAUL
GETSABOOSTWITH
MULTIBAND
ERICSSON
TECHNOLOGY
Distance (km)
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Frequency (GHz)
Bands
Limit without fading
99.9% availability, mild climate
99.9% availability, severe climate
99.999% availability, mild climate
99.999% availability, severe climate
Multiband potential
2. ✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
2 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 25, 2016
JONAS EDSTAM Is there a spectrum shortage? The answer to the question is both yes and no;
in some locations spectrum is severely congested, while in other places it is
highly underutilized. As the performance level demands on services like mobile
broadband continue to rise, networks are going to need some innovative tools.
New methods that will maximize spectrum efficiency, and new technologies
that can exploit unused spectrum are going to be needed. Multiband booster
is one such method. This concept fundamentally shifts the way spectrum can
be used, with a promise to deliver a massive improvement in the performance
levels of microwave backhaul, while at the same time accelerating the much
needed shift toward the use of higher frequency bands..
Microwave
backhaulGETS A BOOST WITH MULTIBAND
3. A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
JANUARY 25, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 3
Te c h n o l o g y e v o l u t i o n, increased
mobility, and massive digitalization
continue to place ever more demanding
performance requirements on networks –
a trend that shows no signs of leveling off.
As the dominant backhaul media in today’s
networks, microwave plays a significant
role in providing good mobile network
performance. However, the constant
pressure to increase performance levels
translates into a need for more spectrum,
and more efficient use of it – not just when
it comes to radio access, but for microwave
backhaul as well.
Asafinitenaturalresource,radiospectrumis
governedbynationalandinternationalregulations
toensurethatsocialandeconomicbenefitsare
maximized.Spectrumisdividedintofrequency
bandsthatareallocatedtodifferenttypesofradio
services,suchascommunication,broadcasting,
radar,aswellasscientificuse.Allocationisbased
onpropagationcharacteristics,whichvarywith
frequency.Lowerfrequencies,forexample,
enableradiosignalstobetransmittedoverlonger
distances,andcanpenetratebuildingfacades.
Higherfrequencies,ontheotherhand,aremore
limitedintermsofreachandcoverage,buttheycan
generallyprovidewiderfrequencybands,andas
suchhavehighdata-carryingcapacities.Driven
bygrowingcommunicationneeds,everhigher
frequencieshavebeentakenintouseoverthepast
fewdecades.Historically,microwavebackhaulhas
usedmuchhigherfrequencies(fromabout6GHzto
86GHz)thanmobileradioaccess,whichtodayuses
spectrumrangingfromabout400MHzto4GHz.
For5Gradioaccess,researchiscurrentlyunderway
ontheuseofmuchhigherfrequencies(above
24GHz).Thefindingsofthisworkwillbepresented
atthenextitu WorldRadiocommunication
Conference,duetobeheldin2019(wrc-19)[1].
By2020,65percentofallcellsites(excluding
thoseinNortheastAsia)willbeconnectedtothe
restofthenetworkusingmicrowavebackhaul
technology[2].Betweennowandthen,the
performanceofmicrowavebackhaulwillcontinue
toimprove,supportinggrowingcapacityneeds
throughtechnologyevolutionandmoreefficient
useofspectrum.Thedecision-makingprocessused
toestablishwhatmediacanbestprovidebackhaul
toagivensitewillalsochange;itwillnolongerbe
determinedbycapacityneeds,butratherwhich
solution–fiberormicrowavebackhaul–provides
thelowesttotalcostofownership(tco).
Multibandsolutions,whichenableenhanceddata
ratesbycombiningresourcesinmultiplefrequency
bands,alreadyconstituteanessentialpartof
modernradioaccesssystems.Theirsignificance
will,however,increaseinthecomingyears,asthey
enableefficientuseofdiversespectrumassets,
andassuchwillsupporttheevolutionoflte and
5g technologies.
Thequestiontoday,however,ishowtoexploit
themultibandconceptforbackhaul.Andhowcan
aholisticviewenablemoreefficientuseofdiverse
backhaulspectrumassets.
Useofspectrumforbackhaul
Spectrumindifferentfrequencyrangesisusedby
backhaulsolutionstosupportcommunicationin
manytypesoflocations,fromsparselypopulated
ruralareastoultra-denseurbanenvironments.
Termsandabbreviations
pdh–Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy | qam–quadrature amplitude modulation |
sdh–Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
4. ✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
4 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 25, 2016
Northern Europe
and Central Asia
Middle East
India
Southeast Asia
and Oceania
Northeast Asia
Western and
Central Europe
Mediterranean
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Latin America
North America
Region 6 7 8 10 11 13 15 18 23 26 28 32 38 42 60 70/80
Frequency band (GHz)
Source: Ericsson 2015
Figure 1:
Global use of microwave
backhaul
Globally,about4millionmicrowavebackhaul
hopsareinoperationtoday.Figure 1illustrates
theextentofmicrowavebackhaulusagebyregion
andband–thesizeofeachcircleisrelativetothe
numberofmicrowavehopsinoperation.Which
frequencybandisusedvariesgreatlyfromoneplace
tothenext,becausethemostappropriatebandis
chosendependingonregionalclimateandnational
spectrumregulations[3].Otherfactorslikeinter-
sitedistance,targetperformancerequirements,and
fiberpenetrationarealsotakenintoconsideration
whenselectingthebackhaulfrequencybandthat
bestfitsagivenlocation.
Ascapacityneedshavegrown,theuseof
spectrumhasshifted.Higher,previouslylessutilized
frequencieshavegrowninpopularity.Abouta
decadeago,new26GHz,28GHz,and32GHzbands
wereintroduced,andsincethen,theuseofthese
bandstosupportlte backhaulhasbecomepopular
inpartsofEurope,CentralAsia,theMediterranean,
andtheMiddleEast.Theolder38GHzbandisquite
popularintheseregions,anditsattractivenessis
currentlygrowingintherestoftheworld.Thenewer
70/80GHzbandistodaygainingpopularity[2,4],as
itofferswidespectrumandchannelsalike,enabling
capacitiesinthe10Gbpsrangeoverafewkilometers.
Lookingtothefuture,industryhasaninterestin
theuseoffrequenciesabove100GHz,astheywill
enablecapacitiesinthe40Gbpsrangeoverhop
distancesofaboutakilometer[2].
Technologiesarebeinginvestigated[5],
andregulatorystudiesareexaminingchannel
arrangementsanddeploymentscenariosinthe
92-114.5GHz,and130-174.7GHzfrequencyranges,
commonlyreferredtoastheW-andD-bandfor
microwavebackhaul[6].
Unfortunately,theuseofspectrumisunbalanced:
hotspotsoccurinbandsthatareheavilyused,while
therearelargegeographicalareaswithuntapped
spectruminallfrequencybands.
5. A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
JANUARY 25, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 5
Microwavebackhaultechnology
Unlikethevariousgenerationsofradioaccess
technology(2G,3G,and4G),thereisnoformal
classificationformicrowavebackhaultechnology
evolution.Nevertheless,itsperformancehas
improvedtremendouslyoverthepastfewdecades
withtheintroductionofinnovativetechnologiesand
enhancedfeatures[2,7,8].
Oneissuethatinsomewaycharacterizes
microwavebackhaulistheimpactonsignal
strengthofadversepropagationeffects,suchas
thosecausedbyrain.Planninganddimensioning
ofmicrowavelinksneedtobecarriedoutusing
recommendedpropagationpredictionmethodsand
long-termstatistics,toensurethattargetedservice
availability(theratioofactualserviceprovidedtothe
targetedservicelevel,measuredover365days,and
expressedasapercentage)canbesecured[9].
Originally,microwavesupportedpdh andsdh
transportusingfixedmodulationdesignedfora
serviceavailabilityofupto99.999percent(five-nines
availability),whichallowsforfiveminutesoftotal
outageinayear.
Sincethen,adaptivemodulationhasbeen
introducedforpackettransport:atechniquethat
isnowwellestablished,andsupportsextreme
ordermodulationwithupto4096qam.Adaptive
modulationmaximizesthebit-error-freethroughput
underallpropagationconditions.Itcanbe
configuredtoprovideguaranteedcapacityfor
high-availabilityservices,andstillprovidemore
thandoublethecapacitywithsomewhatlower
availability,asillustratedinFigure 2.
Multibandboosterforbackhaul
Radio-linkbondingisawell-establishedmethod
formicrowavebackhaul,enablingmultipleradio
carrierstobeaggregatedintoasinglevirtualone[7]
–somewhatsimilartocarrieraggregationinradio
access.Bondingnotonlyenhancespeakcapacity,
Figure 2:
Evolution of microwave
backhaul technology
Capacity
363 days 365 days Availability
99.5%
99.9%
99.95%
99.99%
99.995%
99.999%
1.8 days
8.8 hours
4.4 hours
53 minutes
26 minutes
5 minutes
Unavailability
30 minutes
Multiband
Adaptive modulation (4096 QAM)
Fixed modulation (128 QAM)
High band
Low band
6. ✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
6 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 25, 2016
Distance (km)
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Frequency (GHz)
Bands
Limit without fading
99.9% availability, mild climate
99.9% availability, severe climate
99.999% availability, mild climate
99.999% availability, severe climate
Multiband potential
Figure 3:
Achievable distances with high-capacity microwave backhaul
363 days
4Gbps
600Mbps
1.5Gbps
300Mbps
1.5Gbps
300Mbps
365 days
363 days 365 days
363 days 365 days
Moderate climate
5km distance
70/80GHz, 500MHz channel, 256 QAM
23GHz, 56MHz channel, 4096 QAM
Moderate climate
12km distance
38GHz, 112MHz channel, 4096 QAM
15GHz, 28MHz channel, 4096 QAM
Moderate climate
25km distance
23GHz, 112MHz channel, 4096 QAM
7GHz, 28MHz channel, 4096 QAM
Figure 4:
Examples of multiband microwave backhaul configurations
8. ✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
8 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ JANUARY 25, 2016
High availability
Lower availability
Multiband
70/80GHz
18–42GHz
6–15GHz
Dense urban Remote rural
Figure 5:
Efficient use of microwave backhaul spectrum
Global deployments per frequency range
0
0%
100%
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Frequency (GHz)
Bands
Multiband potential
Single band today
Figure 6:
Increased use of high frequencies with multiband microwave backhaul
11. A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
JANUARY 25, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 11
Jonas Edstam
joined Ericsson in 1995, and
is responsible for technology
strategiesandindustry-wide
collaborations at Product
Area Microwave Networks,
Business Unit Radio. He
is an expert in microwave
backhaul networks, having
more than 20 years of
experience in this area.
Throughout his career, he
has fulfilled various roles,
working on a wide range of
topics including detailed
microwave technology
and system design. His
current focus is on the
strategic evolution of mobile
networks and wireless
backhaul to 5G. He holds
a Ph.D. in physics from
Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg,
Sweden.
theauthor
Jonas greatly acknowledges the support and inspiration of his colleagues:
Git Sellin, Martin Sjödin, Björn Bäckemo, David Gerdin, Anders Henriksson,
Peter Björk, Jonas Hansryd, Jonas Flodin, and Mikael Öhberg.
References
1. ITU-R, 2015, Provisional Final Acts World Radio Conference (WRC-15),
Resolution COM6/20 (pages 424-426), available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4Ci
2. Ericsson, Sep 2015, Microwave Towards 2020 Report, available at:
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2015/microwave-2020-report.pdf
3. ITU-R, 2012, Recommendation F.746, Radio-frequency arrangements for
fixed service systems, available at: https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F.746/en
4. ETSI, June 2015, white paper no. 9, E-Band and V-Band - Survey on status of
worldwide regulations, available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4JA
5. IEEE, 2014, A Highly Integrated Chipset for 40 Gbps Wireless D-Band
Communication Based on a 250 nm InP DHBT Technology, Abstract
available at:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6978535
6. CEPT ECC WG SE19, Work items SE19_37 and SE19_38, available at:
http://eccwp.cept.org/default.aspx?groupid=45
7. Ericsson Review, June 2011, Microwave capacity evolution, available at:
http://ow.ly/Xg4OU
8. Ericsson, Microwave Towards 2020 Report, September 2014, available at:
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/microwave-towards-2020.pdf
9. ITU-R, 2015, Recommendation P.530, Propagation data and prediction
methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems, available
at: https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.530/en
10. ETSI, 2010, ETSI EN 302-217-4-2, Fixed Radio Systems - Characteristics and
requirements for point-to-point equipment and antennas available at:
http://ow.ly/Xg4Vg
11. Ericsson Review, February 2013, Non-line-of-sight microwave backhaul for
small cells, available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4YM