Microspheres are solid spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm that can be used as drug delivery carriers. They are made of polymeric, wax, or other protective materials and can encapsulate or disperse drugs. Microspheres facilitate controlled drug release and protection of unstable drugs. Various natural and synthetic polymers can be used to produce biodegradable or non-biodegradable microspheres using methods like solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microspheres offer benefits like accurate drug delivery, controlled release, increased efficacy, and reduced toxicity. They can be characterized using techniques like microscopy, spectroscopy, and density determination.
This document describes 10 common characterization methods for microspheres: [1] particle size analysis, [2] scanning electron microscopy, [3] flow properties, [4] thermal analysis, [5] percentage yield determination, [6] drug content, [7] drug loading, [8] incorporation efficiency, [9] solubility determination, and [10] dissolution studies. Each method is briefly explained in 1-2 sentences with some providing examples of specific techniques or calculations used.
An overview of Microspheres including Advantages, Types, Method of preparation, Materials used in preparations, Characterization or Evaluation and Applications.
Microspheres are spherical particles between 50nm and 2mm that contain a core substance. They are made of biodegradable natural or synthetic polymers and ideally have a size under 200 micrometers. Synthetic polymers used include PMMA and lactides/glycolides, while proteins and carbohydrates like albumin, gelatin, starch and chitosan are natural options. Microspheres are prepared using emulsion techniques and characterized based on particle size, shape, capture efficiency and stability over time and conditions. Potential applications include use as antigen carriers for vaccines and delivery of drugs or other substances.
This document discusses nanoparticles and their methods of preparation. It begins with an introduction that defines nanoparticles as being between 10-1000 nanometers in size. It then discusses the advantages of nanoparticles for drug delivery including their small size allowing intravenous injection. The document outlines various types of nanoparticles and methods for their preparation including emulsion polymerization and ionic gelation. It also discusses challenges with nanoparticles and methods for characterizing them such as determining their size, surface charge, and drug release properties.
Formulation and invitro evaluation of microspheresTejaswi Kurma
This document provides information about microspheres including their definition, advantages, types, polymers used, preparation methods, and applications. Microspheres are solid, approximately spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm that are made of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials and used as drug carrier matrices. They can be prepared using various methods including air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in targeted drug delivery, sustained release formulations, and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Their properties and drug release kinetics are evaluated through studies such as drug entrapment efficiency, particle size analysis, in vitro drug release, and mathematical modeling of release profiles.
Microspheres are spherical particles ranging from 1 nm to 200 μm that can be used to deliver drugs in a sustained or controlled release manner. They are typically made of biodegradable polymers and can be prepared using various methods like single/double emulsion, polymerization, phase separation, or spray drying. Drugs are encapsulated or absorbed onto the microspheres and released over time as the polymer degrades. Microspheres find applications in areas like vaccines, targeted drug delivery, and imaging due to their advantages of sustained release, increased drug stability and reduced toxicity.
The document discusses microspheres as carriers for controlled drug delivery. It defines microspheres as small, insoluble, spherical particles consisting of a polymer matrix and drug. Various methods for preparing microspheres are described, including single and double emulsion techniques. Characterization techniques like particle size analysis and release studies are also summarized. Potential applications of microspheres include vaccine delivery, targeted drug delivery to specific sites like the eyes, and controlled release formulations.
This document describes 10 common characterization methods for microspheres: [1] particle size analysis, [2] scanning electron microscopy, [3] flow properties, [4] thermal analysis, [5] percentage yield determination, [6] drug content, [7] drug loading, [8] incorporation efficiency, [9] solubility determination, and [10] dissolution studies. Each method is briefly explained in 1-2 sentences with some providing examples of specific techniques or calculations used.
An overview of Microspheres including Advantages, Types, Method of preparation, Materials used in preparations, Characterization or Evaluation and Applications.
Microspheres are spherical particles between 50nm and 2mm that contain a core substance. They are made of biodegradable natural or synthetic polymers and ideally have a size under 200 micrometers. Synthetic polymers used include PMMA and lactides/glycolides, while proteins and carbohydrates like albumin, gelatin, starch and chitosan are natural options. Microspheres are prepared using emulsion techniques and characterized based on particle size, shape, capture efficiency and stability over time and conditions. Potential applications include use as antigen carriers for vaccines and delivery of drugs or other substances.
This document discusses nanoparticles and their methods of preparation. It begins with an introduction that defines nanoparticles as being between 10-1000 nanometers in size. It then discusses the advantages of nanoparticles for drug delivery including their small size allowing intravenous injection. The document outlines various types of nanoparticles and methods for their preparation including emulsion polymerization and ionic gelation. It also discusses challenges with nanoparticles and methods for characterizing them such as determining their size, surface charge, and drug release properties.
Formulation and invitro evaluation of microspheresTejaswi Kurma
This document provides information about microspheres including their definition, advantages, types, polymers used, preparation methods, and applications. Microspheres are solid, approximately spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm that are made of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials and used as drug carrier matrices. They can be prepared using various methods including air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in targeted drug delivery, sustained release formulations, and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Their properties and drug release kinetics are evaluated through studies such as drug entrapment efficiency, particle size analysis, in vitro drug release, and mathematical modeling of release profiles.
Microspheres are spherical particles ranging from 1 nm to 200 μm that can be used to deliver drugs in a sustained or controlled release manner. They are typically made of biodegradable polymers and can be prepared using various methods like single/double emulsion, polymerization, phase separation, or spray drying. Drugs are encapsulated or absorbed onto the microspheres and released over time as the polymer degrades. Microspheres find applications in areas like vaccines, targeted drug delivery, and imaging due to their advantages of sustained release, increased drug stability and reduced toxicity.
The document discusses microspheres as carriers for controlled drug delivery. It defines microspheres as small, insoluble, spherical particles consisting of a polymer matrix and drug. Various methods for preparing microspheres are described, including single and double emulsion techniques. Characterization techniques like particle size analysis and release studies are also summarized. Potential applications of microspheres include vaccine delivery, targeted drug delivery to specific sites like the eyes, and controlled release formulations.
Content:
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Advantages
Limitations
Types of Microsphere
Method for Preparation
Polymer Used for Preparation
Release of Drug from Microsphere
Application
Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles drug
carrier that may or may not be biodegradable. Several techniques are used for preparation of
nanoparticles like Solvent Evaporation, Double Emulsification method, Emulsions - Diffusion
Method, Nanoprecipitation, Coacervation method, Salting Out Method, Dialysis and
Supercritical fluid technology. Nanoparticles are subjected to several evaluation parameters
such as yield of nanoparticles, Drug Content / Surface entrapment / Drug entrapment, Particle
Size and Zeta Potential , Surface Morphology, Polydispersity index, In-vitro release Study,
Kinetic Study, Stability of nanoparticles
This document summarizes a seminar on microsphere drug delivery systems. It discusses the classification, preparation methods, drug release mechanisms, and characterization of microspheres. The main preparation techniques covered are single and double emulsion methods, polymerization, and phase separation. Microspheres can provide controlled release and targeting of drugs. They have applications in taste masking, converting liquids to solids, and protecting drugs. Some marketed microsphere products are listed.
This document discusses microspheres and magnetic microspheres. It defines magnetic microspheres as microspheres containing magnetic substances that can be targeted using an external magnetic field. The document covers concepts like using magnetic microspheres for targeted drug delivery and their advantages like preventing rapid clearance and achieving controlled drug release. Preparation methods like single and double emulsion techniques are summarized. Characterization techniques and applications in areas like vaccine delivery and imaging are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of microspheres, including their definition, classification, preparation methods, characterization, applications, and examples of marketed microsphere products. Microspheres are small spherical particles made of polymers, lipids, or waxes that are used for drug delivery applications to provide controlled or sustained release of pharmaceutical actives. Common preparation methods include single and double emulsion techniques, phase separation processes, and spray drying. Microspheres are characterized based on properties like particle size, shape, drug loading, and in vitro drug release. They have applications in areas like vaccine delivery, cancer treatment, and oral drug delivery for prolonged release. Examples of commercial microsphere products mentioned include Expancel microspheres and BioMag Protein A particles.
This document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), including their advantages over other drug delivery systems, various preparation methods, sterilization criteria, and characterization techniques. SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers composed of physiological lipids that can encapsulate drugs and deliver them in a controlled manner over long periods of time while protecting drugs from degradation. The document outlines several preparation methods for SLNs, such as high pressure homogenization, and their characterization involves measuring particle size, zeta potential, surface element analysis, and assessing crystallinity. Finally, the document notes applications of SLNs for sunscreens, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and gene delivery.
Microparticles or microspheres are defined as small, insoluble, free flowing spherical particles consisting of a polymer matrix and drug. and sized from about 50 nm to about 2 mm. The term nanospheres is often applied to the smaller spheres (sized 10 to 500 nm) to distinguish them from larger microspheres.
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of microspheres as drug delivery carriers. It defines microspheres as structures made up of one or more polymers in which drug particles are dispersed. Various types of microspheres are described, including bioadhesive, magnetic, floating, and radioactive microspheres. Methods for preparing microspheres include emulsion solvent evaporation, emulsion crosslinking, coacervation, spray drying, and ionic gelation. The document provides formulations for diclofenac-loaded sodium alginate microspheres and ethyl cellulose microspheres. Microspheres are evaluated for assay and in vitro drug release properties. Advantages of microspheres include controlled release, protein stability, drug targeting
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIBENCLAMIDE MICROSPHERE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMArindam Chakraborty
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of glibenclamide microsphere drug delivery system. The objective was to increase the drug's self-life by developing a microsphere delivery system. Two batches of glibenclamide microspheres were prepared using different polymers and manufacturing methods. Batch 2, prepared via spray congealing with agar polymer, showed more sustained release over 12 hours compared to Batch 1 and was considered the optimized formulation. In vitro drug release studies found Batch 2 followed zero-order kinetics. The microspheres were characterized and evaluated for properties like particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetics. The study achieved sustained drug release to improve bioavailability and patient compliance.
The document discusses microspheres, which are solid spherical particles made of polymeric substances that can encapsulate drugs. Microspheres range in size from 1-1000μm and enable controlled drug release. They were first developed in the 1930s and are now commonly used in pharmaceutical applications. Key manufacturing methods include single/double emulsion techniques, polymerization, coacervation, spray drying, and solvent extraction. Microspheres offer advantages like accurate dosing, protection of drugs, and controlled release profiles.
The document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid, spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm made of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials used for drug delivery. Microspheres can be matrix systems that homogeneously disperse drugs or reservoir systems that encapsulate drug cores. Common preparation methods include solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microspheres offer benefits like controlled release, targeted delivery, and protection of unstable drugs. They find uses in applications such as vaccines, targeted drug delivery to tissues, controlled release, chemoembolization, and immunoconjugates.
Nanoparticles range in size from 10-1000nm and consist of macromolecular materials with an active ingredient dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated, absorbed, or attached. They can be formulated using natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic polymers, with semisynthetic polymers including pseudo latexes of polymers like ethylcellulose that are used to prepare nanocapsules. Nanoparticles are evaluated based on properties like size, surface charge, drug incorporation efficiency, and in-vitro drug release behavior.
This document discusses nanoparticles and their uses in drug delivery. It defines nanoparticles as particulate dispersions between 10-1000nm in size. Nanoparticles are classified based on their method of preparation into nanocapsules and nanospheres. Some common types of nanoparticles discussed are solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, and hydrogel nanoparticles. The document outlines advantages like increased shelf stability and ability to control drug release. Evaluation parameters for nanoparticles include particle size, molecular weight and in vitro drug release. Finally, applications like targeted drug delivery to the brain and topical formulations are mentioned.
A powerpoint presentation on Nanoparticles. Definition,classification & application of nanoparticles has been listed here. Besides that an explanation has also been provided about various other important instruments.
This document discusses the effect of various variables on the properties of microspheres prepared using a solvent evaporation method. Key variables that influence drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, and drug release rate from the microspheres include polymer concentration, drug-to-polymer ratio, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, cross-linker concentration, drug solubility in the continuous phase, and microsphere size. The document concludes that optimizing formulation variables is necessary to increase drug loading in the microspheres.
Microspheres are spherical & free flowing particles ranging in average particle size from 1 to 50 microns which consist of proteins or synthetic polymers. Some of the problems of overcome by producing control drug delivery system which enhances the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs. The target site drug deliver with Specificity & maintain the concentration at site of interest without untoward effects. It will find the central place in novel drug delivery. Drugs can be targeted to specific sites in the body using microspheres. Degree of targeting can be achieved by localization of the drug to a specific area in body (for example in lungs), to a particular group of cells and even to the intracellular structures. The rate of drug release from the microspheres dictates their therapeutic action.
The document discusses magnetic microspheres, which are microparticles that can be guided to target sites in the body using external magnetic fields. They are typically made of polymers and magnetite. Methods for producing them include solvent evaporation and phase separation emulsion polymerization. Magnetic microspheres offer advantages like controlled drug release and reduced toxicity. They can be used to deliver drugs, vaccines, and antigens to specific areas for localized treatment. Characterization techniques evaluate their size, shape, composition and drug release profiles. Magnetic targeting allows microspheres to accumulate drugs at disease sites while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
The document discusses microspheres as a drug delivery system. It defines microspheres as small spherical particles ranging from 1μm to 1000μm that can be used to deliver drugs in a sustained, controlled release fashion. Various methods for producing microspheres are described, including single emulsion, double emulsion, phase separation, spray drying, and ionotropic gelation. The properties, mechanisms, types, and applications of microspheres are summarized. Evaluation methods for microspheres such as particle size, drug loading, and in vitro release are also outlined.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800 μm in size. It can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release, improve compliance, enable targeted delivery, and mask tastes. Various techniques like coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pan coating can be used. Polymers are common coating materials and microencapsulation can protect core materials, control reactivity, and convert liquids to solids. The microparticles are evaluated based on morphology, drug content, particle size, and dissolution studies.
Microspheres are solid spherical particles ranging in size from 1-1000μm that can be used for drug delivery. They provide advantages like constant drug release, reduced dosing, and protection of drugs from degradation. Microspheres are made of polymers and exist as microcapsules or micromatrices. Various preparation methods include solvent evaporation, single/double emulsion, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in oral, nasal, ocular, and other localized drug deliveries due to their ability to target tissues and control drug release kinetics.
Content:
Introduction
Ideal Properties
Advantages
Limitations
Types of Microsphere
Method for Preparation
Polymer Used for Preparation
Release of Drug from Microsphere
Application
Nanoparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles drug
carrier that may or may not be biodegradable. Several techniques are used for preparation of
nanoparticles like Solvent Evaporation, Double Emulsification method, Emulsions - Diffusion
Method, Nanoprecipitation, Coacervation method, Salting Out Method, Dialysis and
Supercritical fluid technology. Nanoparticles are subjected to several evaluation parameters
such as yield of nanoparticles, Drug Content / Surface entrapment / Drug entrapment, Particle
Size and Zeta Potential , Surface Morphology, Polydispersity index, In-vitro release Study,
Kinetic Study, Stability of nanoparticles
This document summarizes a seminar on microsphere drug delivery systems. It discusses the classification, preparation methods, drug release mechanisms, and characterization of microspheres. The main preparation techniques covered are single and double emulsion methods, polymerization, and phase separation. Microspheres can provide controlled release and targeting of drugs. They have applications in taste masking, converting liquids to solids, and protecting drugs. Some marketed microsphere products are listed.
This document discusses microspheres and magnetic microspheres. It defines magnetic microspheres as microspheres containing magnetic substances that can be targeted using an external magnetic field. The document covers concepts like using magnetic microspheres for targeted drug delivery and their advantages like preventing rapid clearance and achieving controlled drug release. Preparation methods like single and double emulsion techniques are summarized. Characterization techniques and applications in areas like vaccine delivery and imaging are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of microspheres, including their definition, classification, preparation methods, characterization, applications, and examples of marketed microsphere products. Microspheres are small spherical particles made of polymers, lipids, or waxes that are used for drug delivery applications to provide controlled or sustained release of pharmaceutical actives. Common preparation methods include single and double emulsion techniques, phase separation processes, and spray drying. Microspheres are characterized based on properties like particle size, shape, drug loading, and in vitro drug release. They have applications in areas like vaccine delivery, cancer treatment, and oral drug delivery for prolonged release. Examples of commercial microsphere products mentioned include Expancel microspheres and BioMag Protein A particles.
This document discusses solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), including their advantages over other drug delivery systems, various preparation methods, sterilization criteria, and characterization techniques. SLNs are submicron colloidal carriers composed of physiological lipids that can encapsulate drugs and deliver them in a controlled manner over long periods of time while protecting drugs from degradation. The document outlines several preparation methods for SLNs, such as high pressure homogenization, and their characterization involves measuring particle size, zeta potential, surface element analysis, and assessing crystallinity. Finally, the document notes applications of SLNs for sunscreens, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and gene delivery.
Microparticles or microspheres are defined as small, insoluble, free flowing spherical particles consisting of a polymer matrix and drug. and sized from about 50 nm to about 2 mm. The term nanospheres is often applied to the smaller spheres (sized 10 to 500 nm) to distinguish them from larger microspheres.
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of microspheres as drug delivery carriers. It defines microspheres as structures made up of one or more polymers in which drug particles are dispersed. Various types of microspheres are described, including bioadhesive, magnetic, floating, and radioactive microspheres. Methods for preparing microspheres include emulsion solvent evaporation, emulsion crosslinking, coacervation, spray drying, and ionic gelation. The document provides formulations for diclofenac-loaded sodium alginate microspheres and ethyl cellulose microspheres. Microspheres are evaluated for assay and in vitro drug release properties. Advantages of microspheres include controlled release, protein stability, drug targeting
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIBENCLAMIDE MICROSPHERE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMArindam Chakraborty
The document discusses the formulation and evaluation of glibenclamide microsphere drug delivery system. The objective was to increase the drug's self-life by developing a microsphere delivery system. Two batches of glibenclamide microspheres were prepared using different polymers and manufacturing methods. Batch 2, prepared via spray congealing with agar polymer, showed more sustained release over 12 hours compared to Batch 1 and was considered the optimized formulation. In vitro drug release studies found Batch 2 followed zero-order kinetics. The microspheres were characterized and evaluated for properties like particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release kinetics. The study achieved sustained drug release to improve bioavailability and patient compliance.
The document discusses microspheres, which are solid spherical particles made of polymeric substances that can encapsulate drugs. Microspheres range in size from 1-1000μm and enable controlled drug release. They were first developed in the 1930s and are now commonly used in pharmaceutical applications. Key manufacturing methods include single/double emulsion techniques, polymerization, coacervation, spray drying, and solvent extraction. Microspheres offer advantages like accurate dosing, protection of drugs, and controlled release profiles.
The document discusses microspheres, which are defined as solid, spherical particles ranging from 1 to 1000 μm made of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials used for drug delivery. Microspheres can be matrix systems that homogeneously disperse drugs or reservoir systems that encapsulate drug cores. Common preparation methods include solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microspheres offer benefits like controlled release, targeted delivery, and protection of unstable drugs. They find uses in applications such as vaccines, targeted drug delivery to tissues, controlled release, chemoembolization, and immunoconjugates.
Nanoparticles range in size from 10-1000nm and consist of macromolecular materials with an active ingredient dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated, absorbed, or attached. They can be formulated using natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic polymers, with semisynthetic polymers including pseudo latexes of polymers like ethylcellulose that are used to prepare nanocapsules. Nanoparticles are evaluated based on properties like size, surface charge, drug incorporation efficiency, and in-vitro drug release behavior.
This document discusses nanoparticles and their uses in drug delivery. It defines nanoparticles as particulate dispersions between 10-1000nm in size. Nanoparticles are classified based on their method of preparation into nanocapsules and nanospheres. Some common types of nanoparticles discussed are solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, and hydrogel nanoparticles. The document outlines advantages like increased shelf stability and ability to control drug release. Evaluation parameters for nanoparticles include particle size, molecular weight and in vitro drug release. Finally, applications like targeted drug delivery to the brain and topical formulations are mentioned.
A powerpoint presentation on Nanoparticles. Definition,classification & application of nanoparticles has been listed here. Besides that an explanation has also been provided about various other important instruments.
This document discusses the effect of various variables on the properties of microspheres prepared using a solvent evaporation method. Key variables that influence drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, and drug release rate from the microspheres include polymer concentration, drug-to-polymer ratio, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, cross-linker concentration, drug solubility in the continuous phase, and microsphere size. The document concludes that optimizing formulation variables is necessary to increase drug loading in the microspheres.
Microspheres are spherical & free flowing particles ranging in average particle size from 1 to 50 microns which consist of proteins or synthetic polymers. Some of the problems of overcome by producing control drug delivery system which enhances the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs. The target site drug deliver with Specificity & maintain the concentration at site of interest without untoward effects. It will find the central place in novel drug delivery. Drugs can be targeted to specific sites in the body using microspheres. Degree of targeting can be achieved by localization of the drug to a specific area in body (for example in lungs), to a particular group of cells and even to the intracellular structures. The rate of drug release from the microspheres dictates their therapeutic action.
The document discusses magnetic microspheres, which are microparticles that can be guided to target sites in the body using external magnetic fields. They are typically made of polymers and magnetite. Methods for producing them include solvent evaporation and phase separation emulsion polymerization. Magnetic microspheres offer advantages like controlled drug release and reduced toxicity. They can be used to deliver drugs, vaccines, and antigens to specific areas for localized treatment. Characterization techniques evaluate their size, shape, composition and drug release profiles. Magnetic targeting allows microspheres to accumulate drugs at disease sites while avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
The document discusses microspheres as a drug delivery system. It defines microspheres as small spherical particles ranging from 1μm to 1000μm that can be used to deliver drugs in a sustained, controlled release fashion. Various methods for producing microspheres are described, including single emulsion, double emulsion, phase separation, spray drying, and ionotropic gelation. The properties, mechanisms, types, and applications of microspheres are summarized. Evaluation methods for microspheres such as particle size, drug loading, and in vitro release are also outlined.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800 μm in size. It can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release, improve compliance, enable targeted delivery, and mask tastes. Various techniques like coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pan coating can be used. Polymers are common coating materials and microencapsulation can protect core materials, control reactivity, and convert liquids to solids. The microparticles are evaluated based on morphology, drug content, particle size, and dissolution studies.
Microspheres are solid spherical particles ranging in size from 1-1000μm that can be used for drug delivery. They provide advantages like constant drug release, reduced dosing, and protection of drugs from degradation. Microspheres are made of polymers and exist as microcapsules or micromatrices. Various preparation methods include solvent evaporation, single/double emulsion, and polymerization. Microspheres find applications in oral, nasal, ocular, and other localized drug deliveries due to their ability to target tissues and control drug release kinetics.
MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENTS,EVALUATION &STABILITY ASPECTS OF MICROCAPSULESagar Savale
Microencapsulation is describe as a process of enclosing micron sized particles of solid or droplets of liquids or gases in an inert shell, which in turn isolates & protects from environment. The product is obtained by this process is called micro-particles, micro capsules, micro spheres.
Nanocapsules is a novel approach by pankaj patil.pptxPankaj Patil
Nanocapsules are submicron colloidal systems with a polymeric membrane surrounding an inner liquid or solid core containing the active drug. They offer advantages over other drug delivery systems like higher drug loading, protection from degradation, and controlled release. Nanocapsules can be prepared using various methods such as nanoprecipitation, emulsion-diffusion, double emulsification, emulsion-coacervation, and polymer-coating. Their characterization involves analyzing particle size, surface charge, and drug localization. Nanocapsules find applications in oral and parenteral drug delivery, cancer treatment, bioimaging, and food science due to their ability to enhance bioavailability and target drug release.
Microspheres are solid spherical particles made of polymers that can encapsulate drugs. They range in size from 1-1000μm. There are various methods for producing microspheres, including single and double emulsion techniques, polymerization methods, coacervation, spray drying, and solvent extraction. Microspheres offer advantages like controlled drug release, protection of unstable drugs, and targeting of specific tissues. They have various pharmaceutical applications including vaccine and drug delivery, with the ability to control release kinetics and target specific sites.
Microencapsulation Unit 2 Novel Drug Delivery SystemShubhangiKhade7
This document provides information about microencapsulation including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, types of microparticles, and methods of encapsulation. Microencapsulation is defined as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within a polymeric coating to form microparticles 1-1000 μm in size. Common methods include spray drying, solvent evaporation, pan coating, and fluidized bed coating. Microencapsulation can provide environmental protection, control release rates, and mask unpleasant tastes. It has applications in fields like drug delivery, agriculture, and food technology.
Microspheres are small spherical particles, with diameter 1 µm to 1000 µm.
They are spherical free flowing particles consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature.
Microspheres Preparation and Evaluations.pptxRAHUL PAL
This document discusses microspheres, including their definition, classification, preparation methods, evaluation, applications, and marketed preparations. Microspheres are spherical particles between 1-1000 μm in size that can be made of polymers, proteins, or synthetic materials. Common preparation methods include single/double emulsion, solvent evaporation, phase separation coacervation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microspheres are evaluated based on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. They have applications in oral, nasal, ocular, and transdermal drug delivery due to their ability to provide sustained release and target drug delivery.
Microspheres Preparation and Evaluations.pdfPrachi Pandey
This document discusses microspheres, including their definition, classification, preparation methods, evaluation, applications, and marketed preparations. Microspheres are spherical particles between 1-1000 μm in size that can be made of polymers, proteins, or synthetic materials. Common preparation methods include single/double emulsion, solvent evaporation, phase separation coacervation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microspheres are evaluated based on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, swelling index, and in vitro drug release. They have applications in oral, nasal, ocular, and transdermal drug delivery due to their ability to provide sustained release and target drug delivery.
This document discusses nanoparticles for drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and their properties. Some advantages of nanoparticles include reduced dosing frequency and improved drug solubility. Nanoparticles can be classified as nanospheres or nanocapsules. Common preparation methods are polymerization, precipitation and crosslinking. Nanoparticles are evaluated based on size, drug release, yield and stability. Finally, applications include cancer therapy, intracellular targeting and ocular delivery.
Microencapsulation involves coating tiny liquid or solid particles with a polymeric film. It has advantages like increasing bioavailability, altering drug release, and improving compliance. Common techniques include coacervation, solvent evaporation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can protect ingredients, mask tastes, and provide targeted delivery for applications like food, pharma, and agriculture.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including its classification, fundamental considerations, morphology, coating materials, reasons for use, release mechanisms, techniques, evaluation, applications, and disadvantages. Microencapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles with thin coatings to form microparticles, microcapsules, or microspheres ranging from 100-5000 microns. It allows for controlled release, masking of tastes, and protection of unstable or volatile materials. Common techniques include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization.
This document discusses nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles range from 10-1000 nm and are composed of polymers carrying drugs. They selectively localize drugs in target tissues while restricting access to non-target tissues. Ideal nanoparticles are biocompatible, stable, have controlled drug release, and are easily prepared. Common preparation methods include cross-linking, polymerization, and precipitation. Nanoparticles can be characterized and their drug release evaluated. Applications include cancer therapy, vaccines, and crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Microspheres and microcapsules are spherical particles ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm in diameter that can be used to encapsulate drugs for controlled release. Microspheres contain drug distributed throughout while microcapsules contain drug enclosed within a coating. Various natural and synthetic polymers are used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules through techniques like solvent evaporation, emulsion polymerization, and coacervation. Microspheres and microcapsules offer benefits like sustained drug release, targeted drug delivery, and reduced dosing frequency. They are evaluated based on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and other physicochemical properties.
Microspheres are solid biodegradable polymer particles that are typically less than 200 μm in size. They can incorporate drugs throughout their matrix and provide controlled release of medications over extended periods of time. Microspheres are prepared using various techniques including single emulsion, double emulsion, and polymerization. They are evaluated based on parameters such as particle size, shape, drug content, degradation, and release kinetics. Microspheres show potential for a variety of pharmaceutical applications due to their biodegradability and ability to prolong drug delivery.
magnetic microspheres a noval drug delivery system in this we are learn about microshperes , magnetic microsphere and preparation method of magnetic microsphere.
In this presentation incude method of preparation ,evaluvation of magnetic microspheres and concept of targeting.
This document discusses microspheres and microencapsulation. It was submitted by Debasish Deka for his M. Pharm degree under the guidance of Ananta Choudhury. It covers the introduction, advantages, limitations, types (e.g. bioadhesive, magnetic, floating), methods of preparation (e.g. solvent evaporation, spray drying), evaluation, and applications of microspheres in pharmaceutical industry (e.g. buccal drug delivery, intratumoral delivery). Microencapsulation is also introduced as enclosing solids, liquids or gases in microscopic particles through thin coatings, with origins in the 1930s business machines industry.
Microspheres by Neelam somani and Meenakshi BharkatiyaNEELAMSOMANI4
Microspheres are small spherical particles between 1μm to 1000μm in diameter that can be made from proteins or synthetic polymers. They are used for drug delivery and can be classified as microcapsules, which contain an entrapped substance surrounded by a capsule wall, or micromatrices, where the substance is dispersed throughout the matrix. Common types include bioadhesive, floating, radioactive, magnetic, and polymeric microspheres. Microspheres offer benefits like improved drug bioavailability, constant therapeutic effects, and protection of drugs from degradation. They are prepared using techniques like single or double emulsion, polymerization, coacervation, spray drying, and solvent extraction.
A note on Microsperes , general introduction and method of preparationsNEELAMSOMANI4
This presentation is related to Microspheres. Microspheres as a part of novel drug delivery system relevant to Pharmaceutics. The general introductions and methodology is described that will be helpful to all pharmacy students .
Similar to Microspheresasdrugdeliverysystem 130313050012-phpapp01 (20)
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
1. BY: Deepak Chandra Sharma
GUIDED BY: Mr. Pranshu Tangri
(PROFESSOR OF PHARMACEUTICS)
2. Microspheres can be defined as solid, approximately spherical particles ranging in
size from 1 to 1000 μm.
Made up of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials such as starches, gums, proteins,
fats, and waxes and used as drug carrier matrices for drug delivery.
Microcapsules: micrometric reservoir systems
Microspheres: micrometric matrix systems.
Natural polymer can also be used:
Albumin
Gelatin
2
3. 3
Drug Core
Polymer Coat
= Polymer Matrix
} = Entrapped Drug
MICROCAPSULES MICROSPHERES
•Microspheres are essentially spherical
in shape, whereas, microcapsules may be spherical or non-spherical
in shape.
•Microparticles, either microcapsules
or microspheres, as the same: ‘microcapsules’.
5. They facilitate accurate delivery of small quantities of potent drug and reduced
concentration of drug at site other than the target organ or tissue.
They provide protection for unstable drug before and after administration, prior to
their availability at the site of action.
They provide the ability to manipulate the in vivo action of the drug, pharmacokinetic
profile, tissue distribution and cellular interaction of the drug.
They enable controlled release of drug.
• Ex: narcotic, antagonist, steroid hormones 5
6. Microcapsule: consisting of an encapsulated core particle. Entrapped substance
completely surrounded by a distinct capsule wall.
Micro-matrix: Consisting of homogenous dispersion of active ingredient in particle.
6
Microcapsule Micromatrix
Types of Microspheres
9. Longer duration of action
Control of content release
Increase of therapeutic efficacy
Protection of drug
Reduction of toxicity
Biocompatibility
Sterilizability
Relative stability
Water solubility or dispersibility
Bioresorbability
Targetability
Polyvalent
9
10. • Taste and odour masking
• Conversion of oil and other liquids, facilitating ease
of handling
• Protection of the drug from the environment
• Delay of volatilisation
10
11. • Freedom from incompatibilities between drug and
excipients, especially the buffers
• Improvement of flow properties
• Dispersion of water insoluble substance in aqueous media
• Production of sustained release, controlled release and
targeted medication
11
13. A. Single Emulsion Technique
Aq solution
/suspension of
polymer(natural
polymer)
stirring /
sonication
Dispersion in Organic
phase oil/CHCl3
cross
linking
Heat denaturation (by
adding dispersion
To heated oil)
Chemical crosslinking
(butanol,HCHO,Glutara
ldehyde) 14
15. B. Double Emulsion Technique
Aqueous solution of polymer
dispersion in oil/orgenic phase, vigorous homogenisation(sonication)
Primary emulsion(w/o)
addition of aqueous solution of PVA
W/O/W multiple emulsion
Addition of large aqu. phase
Microspheres in solution
16
17. 17
C)Polymerization
A)Normal Polymerization
Normal Polymerization is done by bulk, suspension, precipitation, emulsion and polymerization process.
1. Bulk polymerization:
Microsphere
s
Moulded/fra
gmented
Polymer
(block)
Heated to
initiate
polymerizatio
n
Initiator
accelerate
rate of
reaction
Monomer
+
Bioactive
material
+
Initiator
18. 18
B)Suspension polymerization
Monomer Bioactive material Initiator
Dispersion in water and stebilizer
Droplet
Vigorous Aggitation Polymerization by Heat
Hardened microspheres
Separation & Drying
MICROSP HERES
19. 19
c)Emulsion Polymerization
Monomer/ Aq.Solution of NaOH,
Bioactive material Initiator, Surfactant , Stabilizer
Dispersion with vigorous stirring
Micellar sol. Of Polymer in aqueous medium
Polymarization
Microspheres formation
MICROSPHERES
20. 20
D)Phase Separation Coacervation
Aq./organic solution of polymer
Drug dispersed or dissolved in the polymer solution
Phase sepration by salt addition, non solvent
addition
add. Incompatible polymer,etc
Polymer rich globules
Hardening
Microspheres in aqu./organic phase
separation/drying
MICROSPHERES
21. 21
E)Spray Drying
Polymer dissolve in volatile organic solvent(acetone,dichloromethane)
Drug dispersed in polymer solution under
high speed homogenization
Atomized in a stream of hot air
Due to solvent evaporation small droplet or fine mist form
Leads to formation of Microspheres
Microspheres separated from hot air by cyclone separator, Trace of
solvent are removed by vacuum drying
22. 22
F)Solvent Extraction
Drug is dispersed in organic solvent
(water miscible organic solvent such as Isopropanol)
Polymer in organic solvent
Organic phase is removed by extraction with water
(This process decreasing hardening time for microspheres)
Hardened microspheres
23. 23
G)Precipitation Method
An emulsion is formed, which consists of polar droplets dispersed in a non-polar
medium. Solvent may be removed from the droplets by the used of a co-solvent.
The resulting increase in the polymer-drug concentration causes a precipitation
forming a suspension of microspheres.
26. Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy – Surface Characterization of Microspheres
Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy or X-ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy –to Determine If Any Contaminants Are Present
Surface Charge Analysis Using Micro-electropshoresis –Interaction
of Microspheres Within the Body
26
28. 28
The most widely used procedures to visualize micro particles are conventional light
microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
29. LM provides a control over coating parameters in case of double walled microspheres. The
microspheres structures can be visualized before and after coating and the change can be
measured microscopically.
SEM allows investigations of the microspheres surfaces and after particles are cross-sectioned,
it can also be used for the investigation of double walled systems.
Conflocal fluorescence microscopy is used for the structure characterization of multiple walled
microspheres.
Laser light scattering and multi size coulter counter other than instrumental methods, which can
be used for the characterization of size, shape and morphology of the microspheres.
29
31. It is done by using rotating paddle apparatus and
Dialysis method
31
Determine wetting properties of Microparticulate carriers
32. The surface chemistry of the microspheres can be determined using the electron
spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). ESCA provides a means for the
determination of the atomic composition of the surface. The spectra obtained
using ECSA can be used to determine the surfacial degradation of the
biodegradable microspheres.
32
33. Used to determine the degradation of the polymeric matrix of the carrier
system.
Surface of microspheres are investigated by ATR.
ATR-FT-IR provides surface composition of microspheres.
33
IR spectra
of surface
material
Reflected
many times
through the
sample
IR beam is
passed
through the
ATR cell
34. Can be determined by using MULTI VOLUME PYCHNOMETER
34
Weigh
sample in
a cup
Placed in
Multi
volume
pychnomet
er
Helium is
introduced
in the
chamber
and
allowed to
expand
Expansion
results in
decrease
in pressure
2 readings
are noted
of
reduction
in pressure
at different
initial
pressure
From 2
reading
volume as
well as
density is
determined
35. The micro electrophoresis is an apparatus used to measure the electrophoretic
mobility of microspheres from which the isoelectric point can be determined.
Mean velocity at different Ph values ranging from 3-10 is calculated by
measuring the time of particle movement over a distance of 1 mm.
using this data the electrical mobility of the particle can be determined.
The electrophoretic mobility can be related to surface contained charge,
ionisable behaviour or ion absorption nature of the microspheres.
35
36. Measured by using RADIOACTIVE GLYCINE
36
C14 glycine ethyl
ester hydrochloride
Microspheres
Radioactive
glycine
conjugate
EDAC
37. RADIOACTIVITY is then measured by using LIQUID SCINTILLATION
COUNTER
Carboxylic acid residue can be find out
37
38. Beaker Method
• Dosages form is adhere to the bottom of the beaker
containing medium.
• Overhead stirrer is used.
• Volume of medium-50-500ml
• Speed 60-300rpm
38
39. A. Oral
cavity
containing
drug in buffer
B. Buccal
membrane
containing 1-
octanol
C. Body
fluids
containing
0.2M HCl
D. Protein
binding
containing 1-
octanol
39
Before use, the aqueous phase
and 1-octanol were saturated with
each other.
Samples were withdrawn and
returned to compartment A with a
syringe.
40. Consist of KC-Cell containing distilled water (50ml) at 370C as dissolution
medium
TMDDS was placed in a glass tube fitted with a 10# sieve at the bottom which
reciprocate in the medium at 30 strokes per min.
40
41. Animal used: dog, rabbits, rat, cat, hamster, pigs, and sheep
RAT: The oesophagus is ligated to prevent absorption pathways other than oral
mucosa
At different time intervals, the blood is withdrawn and analysed
41
42. In the analysis of in vitro and in
vivo drug correlation, rapid
drug absorption may be
distinguished from the slower
drug absorption by observation
of the absorption time for the
dosage form. The quicker the
absorption of the drug the less
is the absorption time required
for the absorption of the certain
amount of the drug. The time
required for the absorption of
the same amount of drug from
the dosage form is correlated
Dissolution Rate Vs Absorption
Rate
If the dissolution rate is the limiting
step in the absorption of the drug,
and is absorbed completely after
dissolution, a linear correlation may
be obtained by comparing the
percent of the drug absorbed to the
percent of the drug dissolved. If the
rate limiting step in the
bioavailability of the drug is the
rate of absorption of the drug, a
change in the dissolution rate may
not be reflected in a change in the
rate and the extent of drug
absorption from the dosage form
Percent of Drug Dissolved Vs
Percent of Drug
Absorbed
It is expected that a poorly
formulated dosage form
releases amount of drug than
from a well formulated dosage
form, and, hence the amount of
drug available for absorption is
less for poorly formulated
dosage form than from a well
formulated dosage form.
% of drug dissolved In-vitro Vs
Peak plasma concentration
43. MICROSPHERES IN VACCINE DELIVERY.
Eg ; Diphtheria toxoid , Tetanus toxoid.
TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY.
Eg ; ocular, eye (cornea).etc
CONTROLLED RELEASE.
Eg ; GI tumors, Bone tumors.
CHEMOEMBOLIZATION.
IMMUNO MICROSPHERES 43