The document discusses microprocessors, including their main components, types, features, and how they work. It provides details on three types of microprocessors: CISC, RISC, and EPIC. It also explains the key features of microprocessors like low power consumption, versatility, low cost, and small size. Finally, it gives an overview of how a microprocessor accepts input, processes it through the ALU, and provides output based on instructions stored in memory.

1. Microprocessor
By : Tanmay Shete

2. What is Microprocessor
Microprocessor is a small unit of a computer that
contains all the functions of the central processing unit
It contains the arithmetic,logic and control circuitry
necessary to perform the functions of a computer’s
central processing unit.

3. The 3 main components of a microprocessor are
1.Control Unit
2.I/O Units
3.Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

4. Types of Microprocessor
There are three types of microprocessors-
1.CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
2.RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
3.EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)

5. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
As the name suggests,the instructions are in a complex form.It
means that a single instruction can contain many low level
instruction.Example:Loading data from memory, storing data
to the memory,performing basic operations etc.
Examples of CISC are Intel 386,Intel 486,Pentium,Pentium
Pro etc.

6. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
As per the name,in this , The instructions are quite simple, and
hence they execute quickly.Moreover, the instructions get
complete in one clock cycle only.Besides,it makes use of
multiple registers so that interaction with memory is less.
Examples are IBM RS 6000 , DEC Alpha 21064,DEC Alpha
21164 etc.

7. EPIC (Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)
It allows the instructions to compute parallely by making use
of compilers.Moreover,the complex instruction also process in
fewer clock frequencies and it encodes the instructions in
128-bit bundles.Where each bundle contains three
instructions encoded in 41 bits each and a 5-bit template.
Examples are IA-64 (Intel Architecture-64),etc.

8. Features of Microprocessor
Power Consumption
Versatility
Cost
Size

9. Power Consumption
Microprocessors are normally manufactured by Metal-Oxide
semiconductor technology, which has the feature of low
power consumption.

10. Versatility
The microprocessors are versatile.
Keeping the same basic hardware,a microprocessor-based
system can be configured for a number of applications by
simply altering the software program.

11. Cost
The most important feature of a microprocessor is its low cost
Because of the widespread use of microprocessors, the
volume of production is very high.
That is why, microprocessor chips are available at fairly low
prices.

12. Size
The second most important feature of a microprocessor is its
small size.
As a result of improvement in fabrication technology, VLSI,
electronic circuitry has become so dense that a minute silicon
chip can contain hundred and thousands of transistors.

13. How does a Microprocessor Works?
A Microprocessor accepts binary data as input,processes that
data through ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit),and then provides
output based on the instructions stored in the memory

14. Architecture of
8086
microprocessor

15. THANK YOU