The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFC) for sustainable wastewater treatment. MFCs use microorganisms to convert the chemical energy in organic compounds into electricity. They offer direct conversion of energy in organic matter into electricity with potential for higher efficiency. MFCs can generate electricity while removing over 90% of chemical oxygen demand from wastewater. Several factors like temperature, ionic strength and cathode material affect MFC performance. MFCs show potential for cost-effective and energy-saving wastewater treatment.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use microorganisms to convert chemical energy from organic matter into electricity. MFCs operate at near-ambient temperatures using microbes that metabolize substrates in wastewater, producing electrons that are harvested to generate electricity. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, with microbes in the anaerobic anode chamber and oxygen in the aerobic cathode chamber. While MFCs show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment, challenges remain in improving power output and economic viability at scale.
Microbial fuel cell... Bacteria and it's rule as alternative energy source ... seminar in Microbiology Department faculty of Agriculture zagazig university Egypt
Recent developments in microbial fuel cellsreenath vn
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an environmental friendly energy conservative technology that not only helps in generating power from waste but also in remediating the environmental pollution. This paper reviews some technological aspects and developments of microbial fuel cells. A brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells and subsequently, microbial fuel cells is presented. Secondly, the development of the concept of microbial fuel cell into a wider range of derivative technologies, called bio electrochemical systems, is described by introducing briefly microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and microbial electro synthesis cells. The focus is then shifted to electroactive biofilms and electron transfer mechanisms involved with solid electrodes. Carbonaceous and metallic anode materials are then introduced, followed by the discussion on electro catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction and its behavior in neutral media. Cathode catalysts based on carbonaceous, platinum-group metal and platinum-group-metal-free materials are presented, along with membrane materials with a view to future directions.
Praveen H M presented on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) which can generate power from waste water. MFCs are bioelectrochemical systems that convert the chemical energy in organic matter into electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where bacteria at the anode oxidize the organic waste and generate electrons and protons. The protons flow through the membrane while the electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, producing a current that can power devices. MFCs have applications in power generation, wastewater treatment, biosensing and producing biofuels. However, they still face challenges like low power densities and require further
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which generate electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. It describes the basic components and principles of MFCs, including how bacteria at the anode convert organic substrates into protons and electrons. The protons pass through a membrane to the cathode, where the electrons from the external circuit also travel to recombine with the protons and oxygen, producing water. The document outlines various MFC designs, microbes, substrates, and applications. While MFCs can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity, the technology still has low power densities and high costs compared to other energy sources.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from organic compounds into electricity using microorganisms. MFCs operate between 20-40°C and pH 7 using bacteria like Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacteraceae to catalyze the anode and cathode reactions. The history of MFCs dates back to 1911 with early prototypes, while the University of Queensland developed a 10L prototype in 2007 to generate electricity from brewery wastewater. MFCs can be used to treat wastewater and produce power, hydrogen, or desalinated water while remediating toxins.
Microbial fuel cells are newest technological advancement in conventional fuel cell technology. Treatment of wastewater is coupled with electricity generation. Hydrogen production is also possible by modifying MFC technology. It is a independent essential review of Microbial fuel cell technology.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use microorganisms to convert chemical energy from organic matter into electricity. MFCs operate at near-ambient temperatures using microbes that metabolize substrates in wastewater, producing electrons that are harvested to generate electricity. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, with microbes in the anaerobic anode chamber and oxygen in the aerobic cathode chamber. While MFCs show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment, challenges remain in improving power output and economic viability at scale.
Microbial fuel cell... Bacteria and it's rule as alternative energy source ... seminar in Microbiology Department faculty of Agriculture zagazig university Egypt
Recent developments in microbial fuel cellsreenath vn
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an environmental friendly energy conservative technology that not only helps in generating power from waste but also in remediating the environmental pollution. This paper reviews some technological aspects and developments of microbial fuel cells. A brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells and subsequently, microbial fuel cells is presented. Secondly, the development of the concept of microbial fuel cell into a wider range of derivative technologies, called bio electrochemical systems, is described by introducing briefly microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and microbial electro synthesis cells. The focus is then shifted to electroactive biofilms and electron transfer mechanisms involved with solid electrodes. Carbonaceous and metallic anode materials are then introduced, followed by the discussion on electro catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction and its behavior in neutral media. Cathode catalysts based on carbonaceous, platinum-group metal and platinum-group-metal-free materials are presented, along with membrane materials with a view to future directions.
Praveen H M presented on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) which can generate power from waste water. MFCs are bioelectrochemical systems that convert the chemical energy in organic matter into electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where bacteria at the anode oxidize the organic waste and generate electrons and protons. The protons flow through the membrane while the electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, producing a current that can power devices. MFCs have applications in power generation, wastewater treatment, biosensing and producing biofuels. However, they still face challenges like low power densities and require further
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which generate electricity through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms. It describes the basic components and principles of MFCs, including how bacteria at the anode convert organic substrates into protons and electrons. The protons pass through a membrane to the cathode, where the electrons from the external circuit also travel to recombine with the protons and oxygen, producing water. The document outlines various MFC designs, microbes, substrates, and applications. While MFCs can simultaneously treat wastewater and generate electricity, the technology still has low power densities and high costs compared to other energy sources.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from organic compounds into electricity using microorganisms. MFCs operate between 20-40°C and pH 7 using bacteria like Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacteraceae to catalyze the anode and cathode reactions. The history of MFCs dates back to 1911 with early prototypes, while the University of Queensland developed a 10L prototype in 2007 to generate electricity from brewery wastewater. MFCs can be used to treat wastewater and produce power, hydrogen, or desalinated water while remediating toxins.
Microbial fuel cells are newest technological advancement in conventional fuel cell technology. Treatment of wastewater is coupled with electricity generation. Hydrogen production is also possible by modifying MFC technology. It is a independent essential review of Microbial fuel cell technology.
Special topic seminar microbial fuel cellsprasuna3085
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacteria to generate electricity from organic waste. It begins with an introduction to MFCs and their potential applications. It then provides a brief history of MFCs, describes different types of MFCs and their basic working principle. The document also summarizes several research papers on MFCs and concludes with potential applications of MFCs in wastewater treatment, desalination, hydrogen production, powering remote sensors, and more.
This presentation deals with the production of electricity from microbes in a very elementary fashion. Good for those willing to understand how the whole process works, its advantages and mechanism, in a fun and interesting way.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria to convert chemical energy from bio-convertible substrates like glucose or acetate directly into electricity. A typical MFC consists of an anode compartment where microbes oxidize fuel and generate electrons and protons, and a cathode compartment exposed to air. A cation-specific membrane allows proton passage between compartments. MFCs offer unlimited fuel sources without pollution and can achieve higher energy conversion than other methods, with no moving parts or noise. Examples demonstrate various microbes generating voltages between 250-650mV using different substrates and mediators or mediator-less systems. Significant factors that affect MFC operation include electrode type and area, use of catalysts, substrate concentration, and types of micro
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that use bacteria to generate electricity. MFCs can be categorized as mediated or unmediated. Mediated MFCs use chemical mediators to transfer electrons from bacteria to an anode, while unmediated MFCs directly transfer electrons via bacterial membrane proteins. MFCs have the potential to generate electricity from wastewater treatment and can be used as biosensors to measure pollutant levels. However, challenges remain in improving catalytic rates, energy production levels, and reducing costs before widespread applications can be realized.
Microbial fuel cell – for conversion of chemical energy to electrical energyrita martin
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that converts the chemical energy in the organic compounds/renewable energy sources to electrical energy/bio-electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions. This process is becoming attractive and alternative methodology for generation of electricity. MFC can convert chemical energy directly into electricity without an intermediate conversion into mechanical power. MFC as various benefits Clean; Safe and quiet performance High energy efficiency and It is easy to operate, Electricity generation, Biohydrogen production, Wastewater treatment, Bioremediation .
Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generationMahendra Gowda
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through bacteria that catalyze the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter. MFCs have three main components - an anode where bacteria adhere and produce electrons, a cathode where oxygen is reduced, and a membrane separating the two. As bacteria respire, they transfer electrons to the anode which flow through an external circuit to the cathode. MFCs can treat wastewater while generating electricity and have applications for powering remote devices, biosensing, and more. However, challenges remain in scaling up designs and reducing internal resistance for practical applications.
Bacteria in the anode of a microbial fuel cell convert organic substrates like glucose into electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through an exchange membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the protons and electrons recombine and oxygen is reduced to water. Key components include the anode where bacteria live, a cathode, an exchange membrane, and an electrical circuit connecting the anode and cathode. Microbial fuel cells operate at mild temperatures and can be used to generate electricity from wastewater while also producing clean water or fertilizer.
This document describes a student project to study microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating wastewater and generating electricity. The objectives are to construct an MFC setup, select microbes, optimize conditions, and analyze COD reduction and voltage generation from treating distillery wastewater. The team constructed a dual-chamber MFC with graphite electrodes. Testing on synthetic wastewater showed voltage increased over time and with higher COD loads. Distillery wastewater trials achieved up to 72% COD reduction and 250mV voltage after 12 days. While power generation was low, the study demonstrated MFC feasibility for wastewater treatment and identified areas for further optimization and scale-up.
1) A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. MFCs contain an anode and cathode separated by a membrane, and electrons produced during microbial oxidation are transferred to the anode.
2) MFCs were first discovered in 1911 and research continued through the 1980s to develop different types of MFCs and understand electron transfer mechanisms.
3) MFCs have applications for powering small devices like sensors and can also be used for wastewater treatment. However, challenges include producing enough power continuously and operating at low temperatures.
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a selectively permeable membrane, where microbes on the anode degrade organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. Electrons then flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, producing electricity. Key factors that affect MFC performance include electrode materials, microbial communities, substrates, and system design optimizations to reduce internal resistance and increase power output. MFCs show promise for applications such as wastewater treatment, biosensing, and generating electricity from organic wastes.
The document summarizes a presentation on sediment microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points:
- The goal is to produce 1W/m3 of power in a sediment MFC within a $20 budget using recycled materials.
- A literature review covered MFC types and research on materials like graphite and biochar. A 50/50 graphite-biochar mix was selected.
- A designed MFC used screen-enclosed graphite-biochar pouches, copper wires, and a voltmeter within a PVC pipe structure. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.205 mW/m3.
This document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. G. sulfurreducens is able to generate electricity through metabolizing substrates and transferring electrons to an anode. It is able to transfer electrons through protein structures called c-type cytochromes and filaments called pili. The formation of biofilms by G. sulfurreducens on the anode allows the cells to transfer electrons more efficiently through direct contact and intercellular protein interactions. Research aims to engineer strains of G. sulfurreducens that can generate higher currents through increased expression of proteins involved in electron transfer pathways and biofilm formation.
The document provides an overview of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points include:
- MFCs use bacteria to drive an electrical current, mimicking natural bacterial interactions. They have two categories - those using a mediator and mediator-less types.
- Since the 2000s, MFCs have started to be used to treat wastewater while simultaneously generating electricity. This produces two increasingly scarce resources from a single process.
- The document discusses the history of MFCs from early experiments in 1911 to more recent commercial applications. It also covers the construction, working mechanisms, thermodynamics, design considerations, and metabolisms of microbes used in MFCs.
“Microbial Biomass” A Renewable Energy For The FutureAnik Banik
The document discusses microbial biomass and its applications in bioenergy production. It describes how microbial biomass from bacteria, fungi and algae can be used to produce biofuels through various processes like microbial fuel cells and hydrogen production. Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter by transferring electrons to anode with the help of exoelectrogenic bacteria. Cyanobacteria can also produce hydrogen through nitrogenase enzyme or soluble hydrogenase. The document further discusses biodiesel production from oleaginous fungi which have the ability to accumulate high lipids under stress.
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter through microbial activity. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane. At the anode, microbes degrade organic compounds and transfer electrons to the anode. Protons pass through the membrane to the cathode. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, where they react with oxygen and protons to form water. Ionic strength, temperature, electrode spacing and material affect performance, with higher ionic strength and temperatures increasing power density up to certain points. Microbial fuel cells produce electricity from waste sources while treating wastewater.
Biohydrogen may produced by steam reforming of methane (biogas) produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste. In the latter process, natural gas and steam react to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic digestion is a microbiological process where organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Through controlled engineering, anaerobic digestion breaks down organic biodegradable matter in sealed reactor tanks to produce biogas and digestate. The four-stage digestion process involves hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis where anaerobic microorganisms biochemically digest materials like glucose into methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion generates renewable energy as biogas and nutrient-rich digestate fertilizer.
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through microbial oxidation of organic compounds in wastewater. They provide an alternative energy source and reduce pollution by treating wastewater. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where microbes in the anode chamber metabolize organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. While MFCs have potential benefits, scaling them up from the lab and improving low power outputs remain challenges to practical implementation. Further research on materials and configurations could help optimize MFC performance.
IRJET- Bioelectricity Production from Seafood Processing Wastewater using...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on generating bioelectricity from seafood processing wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The researchers constructed a dual-chamber MFC with a salt bridge separator and inoculated it with anaerobic sludge. They operated the MFC in batch mode, filling the anode chamber with seafood wastewater. The MFC generated a maximum voltage of 988 mV at 1000 ohms resistance, corresponding to maximum current density of 2996.664 mA/m2 and power density of 2960.704 mW/m2. The MFC achieved a 77.33% COD removal efficiency and 84.32% phosphate removal efficiency at a hydraulic retention time of
The document summarizes a technical seminar on microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. It discusses how microbial fuel cells use microbes to convert chemical energy from wastewater into electrical energy, simultaneously treating wastewater. It describes the basic components and functioning of microbial fuel cells, including the anode, cathode, proton exchange membrane, and external circuit. It also outlines some applications, advantages, and disadvantages of microbial fuel cell technology and concludes that while still in development, microbial fuel cells show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment.
Special topic seminar microbial fuel cellsprasuna3085
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use bacteria to generate electricity from organic waste. It begins with an introduction to MFCs and their potential applications. It then provides a brief history of MFCs, describes different types of MFCs and their basic working principle. The document also summarizes several research papers on MFCs and concludes with potential applications of MFCs in wastewater treatment, desalination, hydrogen production, powering remote sensors, and more.
This presentation deals with the production of electricity from microbes in a very elementary fashion. Good for those willing to understand how the whole process works, its advantages and mechanism, in a fun and interesting way.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use bacteria to convert chemical energy from bio-convertible substrates like glucose or acetate directly into electricity. A typical MFC consists of an anode compartment where microbes oxidize fuel and generate electrons and protons, and a cathode compartment exposed to air. A cation-specific membrane allows proton passage between compartments. MFCs offer unlimited fuel sources without pollution and can achieve higher energy conversion than other methods, with no moving parts or noise. Examples demonstrate various microbes generating voltages between 250-650mV using different substrates and mediators or mediator-less systems. Significant factors that affect MFC operation include electrode type and area, use of catalysts, substrate concentration, and types of micro
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that use bacteria to generate electricity. MFCs can be categorized as mediated or unmediated. Mediated MFCs use chemical mediators to transfer electrons from bacteria to an anode, while unmediated MFCs directly transfer electrons via bacterial membrane proteins. MFCs have the potential to generate electricity from wastewater treatment and can be used as biosensors to measure pollutant levels. However, challenges remain in improving catalytic rates, energy production levels, and reducing costs before widespread applications can be realized.
Microbial fuel cell – for conversion of chemical energy to electrical energyrita martin
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that converts the chemical energy in the organic compounds/renewable energy sources to electrical energy/bio-electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions. This process is becoming attractive and alternative methodology for generation of electricity. MFC can convert chemical energy directly into electricity without an intermediate conversion into mechanical power. MFC as various benefits Clean; Safe and quiet performance High energy efficiency and It is easy to operate, Electricity generation, Biohydrogen production, Wastewater treatment, Bioremediation .
Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generationMahendra Gowda
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through bacteria that catalyze the oxidation of organic and inorganic matter. MFCs have three main components - an anode where bacteria adhere and produce electrons, a cathode where oxygen is reduced, and a membrane separating the two. As bacteria respire, they transfer electrons to the anode which flow through an external circuit to the cathode. MFCs can treat wastewater while generating electricity and have applications for powering remote devices, biosensing, and more. However, challenges remain in scaling up designs and reducing internal resistance for practical applications.
Bacteria in the anode of a microbial fuel cell convert organic substrates like glucose into electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through an exchange membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the protons and electrons recombine and oxygen is reduced to water. Key components include the anode where bacteria live, a cathode, an exchange membrane, and an electrical circuit connecting the anode and cathode. Microbial fuel cells operate at mild temperatures and can be used to generate electricity from wastewater while also producing clean water or fertilizer.
This document describes a student project to study microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating wastewater and generating electricity. The objectives are to construct an MFC setup, select microbes, optimize conditions, and analyze COD reduction and voltage generation from treating distillery wastewater. The team constructed a dual-chamber MFC with graphite electrodes. Testing on synthetic wastewater showed voltage increased over time and with higher COD loads. Distillery wastewater trials achieved up to 72% COD reduction and 250mV voltage after 12 days. While power generation was low, the study demonstrated MFC feasibility for wastewater treatment and identified areas for further optimization and scale-up.
1) A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. MFCs contain an anode and cathode separated by a membrane, and electrons produced during microbial oxidation are transferred to the anode.
2) MFCs were first discovered in 1911 and research continued through the 1980s to develop different types of MFCs and understand electron transfer mechanisms.
3) MFCs have applications for powering small devices like sensors and can also be used for wastewater treatment. However, challenges include producing enough power continuously and operating at low temperatures.
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a selectively permeable membrane, where microbes on the anode degrade organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. Electrons then flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, producing electricity. Key factors that affect MFC performance include electrode materials, microbial communities, substrates, and system design optimizations to reduce internal resistance and increase power output. MFCs show promise for applications such as wastewater treatment, biosensing, and generating electricity from organic wastes.
The document summarizes a presentation on sediment microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points:
- The goal is to produce 1W/m3 of power in a sediment MFC within a $20 budget using recycled materials.
- A literature review covered MFC types and research on materials like graphite and biochar. A 50/50 graphite-biochar mix was selected.
- A designed MFC used screen-enclosed graphite-biochar pouches, copper wires, and a voltmeter within a PVC pipe structure. Testing showed a maximum power density of 0.205 mW/m3.
This document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. G. sulfurreducens is able to generate electricity through metabolizing substrates and transferring electrons to an anode. It is able to transfer electrons through protein structures called c-type cytochromes and filaments called pili. The formation of biofilms by G. sulfurreducens on the anode allows the cells to transfer electrons more efficiently through direct contact and intercellular protein interactions. Research aims to engineer strains of G. sulfurreducens that can generate higher currents through increased expression of proteins involved in electron transfer pathways and biofilm formation.
The document provides an overview of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Key points include:
- MFCs use bacteria to drive an electrical current, mimicking natural bacterial interactions. They have two categories - those using a mediator and mediator-less types.
- Since the 2000s, MFCs have started to be used to treat wastewater while simultaneously generating electricity. This produces two increasingly scarce resources from a single process.
- The document discusses the history of MFCs from early experiments in 1911 to more recent commercial applications. It also covers the construction, working mechanisms, thermodynamics, design considerations, and metabolisms of microbes used in MFCs.
“Microbial Biomass” A Renewable Energy For The FutureAnik Banik
The document discusses microbial biomass and its applications in bioenergy production. It describes how microbial biomass from bacteria, fungi and algae can be used to produce biofuels through various processes like microbial fuel cells and hydrogen production. Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter by transferring electrons to anode with the help of exoelectrogenic bacteria. Cyanobacteria can also produce hydrogen through nitrogenase enzyme or soluble hydrogenase. The document further discusses biodiesel production from oleaginous fungi which have the ability to accumulate high lipids under stress.
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity from organic matter through microbial activity. They consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane. At the anode, microbes degrade organic compounds and transfer electrons to the anode. Protons pass through the membrane to the cathode. Electrons flow through an external circuit to the cathode, where they react with oxygen and protons to form water. Ionic strength, temperature, electrode spacing and material affect performance, with higher ionic strength and temperatures increasing power density up to certain points. Microbial fuel cells produce electricity from waste sources while treating wastewater.
Biohydrogen may produced by steam reforming of methane (biogas) produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste. In the latter process, natural gas and steam react to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic digestion is a microbiological process where organic matter decomposes in the absence of oxygen. Through controlled engineering, anaerobic digestion breaks down organic biodegradable matter in sealed reactor tanks to produce biogas and digestate. The four-stage digestion process involves hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis where anaerobic microorganisms biochemically digest materials like glucose into methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion generates renewable energy as biogas and nutrient-rich digestate fertilizer.
Microbial fuel cells generate electricity through microbial oxidation of organic compounds in wastewater. They provide an alternative energy source and reduce pollution by treating wastewater. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a proton exchange membrane, where microbes in the anode chamber metabolize organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. While MFCs have potential benefits, scaling them up from the lab and improving low power outputs remain challenges to practical implementation. Further research on materials and configurations could help optimize MFC performance.
IRJET- Bioelectricity Production from Seafood Processing Wastewater using...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on generating bioelectricity from seafood processing wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The researchers constructed a dual-chamber MFC with a salt bridge separator and inoculated it with anaerobic sludge. They operated the MFC in batch mode, filling the anode chamber with seafood wastewater. The MFC generated a maximum voltage of 988 mV at 1000 ohms resistance, corresponding to maximum current density of 2996.664 mA/m2 and power density of 2960.704 mW/m2. The MFC achieved a 77.33% COD removal efficiency and 84.32% phosphate removal efficiency at a hydraulic retention time of
The document summarizes a technical seminar on microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment and electricity generation. It discusses how microbial fuel cells use microbes to convert chemical energy from wastewater into electrical energy, simultaneously treating wastewater. It describes the basic components and functioning of microbial fuel cells, including the anode, cathode, proton exchange membrane, and external circuit. It also outlines some applications, advantages, and disadvantages of microbial fuel cell technology and concludes that while still in development, microbial fuel cells show potential for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment.
IRJET- Identification and Validation of Various Factors and Purposes Targ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on factors and purposes that can help advance development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microbes to convert organic matter into electricity and have potential as a renewable energy source. The document identifies several key factors and purposes of MFC research, including improving power output, using various substrates, integrating with plant cells, and applying MFCs to wastewater treatment. It also reviews various existing MFC designs and materials. The overall goal is to better understand how to optimize MFC technology for renewable energy and environmental applications.
This document reviews performance improvements in microbial fuel cells through the use of suitable electrode materials and bioengineered organisms. Microbial fuel cells directly convert organic matter to electricity using microorganisms. However, their commercial application is limited by low power output. The review discusses how electrode design and selection of optimal microbe species can enhance electricity generation. In particular, Geobacter and Shewanella species have shown promise for direct electron transfer needed for higher performance. Advances in genomic tools may enable engineering of microbes tailored for microbial fuel cells.
IRJET- Microbial Fuel Cell for Chemical Zone Waste Water AmbernathIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using microbial fuel cells to generate electricity from wastewater. The study constructed microbial fuel cells with two chambers connected by a salt bridge, with a graphite anode in one chamber filled with wastewater and an aluminum cathode in the other filled with electrolyte. Testing of the fuel cells over 9 days using wastewater from two locations found maximum voltages of 1909mV and 1944mV. The document also reviews previous literature on microbial fuel cells and discusses factors that affect power generation as well as the materials, reactions, and methodology used in the study.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY USING FROM BISCUIT PROCESSINGINDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on generating electricity from wastewater from biscuit processing industries using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Two MFC systems (MFC-1 and MFC-2) were constructed and tested with wastewater at different loading levels. MFC-1 achieved the highest removal efficiencies of 64.9% COD and power generation of 0.06W/m2 at a loading of 750mg/L COD. MFC-2 achieved 61.46% COD removal and 0.05W/m2 power at the same loading. Voltage and current were highest for both MFCs at 750mg/L COD loading. MFC-1 performed better
The document discusses the effect of variable microorganisms on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It begins with an introduction explaining the need for renewable energy sources due to depleting fossil fuel reserves. It then provides background on MFCs, describing them as bioelectrochemical systems that generate electricity via microbes metabolizing organic substrates. The document outlines the basic components and functioning of MFCs. It discusses various microbe species used in MFCs and different MFC designs. It also covers types of MFCs like mediator-based vs mediator-free and sediment MFCs. Finally, it lists some potential applications of MFCs in areas like wastewater treatment and biosensing.
Dairy Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation using Microbial Fuel CellIRJET Journal
This document discusses using a microbial fuel cell to treat dairy wastewater and generate electricity. The MFC was able to achieve high removal efficiencies of over 90% for various wastewater parameters like COD, BOD, oil and grease. Stainless steel electrodes produced better results than copper electrodes. Increasing the electrode surface area from 103cm2 to 152cm2 significantly improved removal efficiency and power generation. The optimized MFC design with filtration and aeration achieved over 95% removal of certain parameters. Up to 37.651μW of power and 0.0677W sec of electrical energy were generated. The study demonstrates that MFC technology can efficiently treat dairy wastewater while simultaneously recovering energy.
Electricity Generation Using Textile Wastewater by Single Chambered Microbial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used a single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) to generate electricity from textile wastewater while also treating the wastewater. The MFC consisted of an anode chamber containing textile wastewater inoculated with cow dung microorganisms. A carbon electrode arrangement was used as the anode and another carbon electrode in contact with air acted as the cathode, separated by an agar salt bridge. The MFC generated a maximum power of 0.812W/m2 and removed up to 79.6% of chemical oxygen demand from the wastewater. The results demonstrated that a single chamber MFC is capable of simultaneously generating electricity and treating textile wastewater.
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as an alternative for producing clean electricity. MFCs take advantage of microbial metabolism to generate electricity directly. They consist of an anode where microorganisms oxidize organic substrates and release electrons, and a cathode where oxygen is reduced. Microbes can transfer electrons to the anode through either direct contact or electron shuttles like cytochromes. While power outputs from MFCs have increased significantly in recent years, further improvements are still needed before they can compete commercially with other energy technologies. Understanding microbial electron transfer mechanisms and ecology is crucial to optimizing MFCs.
The document is a project report on treating wastewater and generating energy using microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. It discusses the objectives of constructing an experimental MFC setup, implementing a methodology, selecting and preparing microbial cultures, optimizing conditions for voltage generation from synthetic and distillery wastewater, and analyzing COD reduction and future applications. Materials and equipment needed include chemicals, apparatus for COD and MLVSS testing, wastewater sources, and a centrifuge. The methodology section outlines steps for literature review, setup construction, inoculum preparation, initial and final experimentation, and reporting.
IRJET- Feasibility Studies on Electricity Generation from Dairy Wastewater u...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on electricity generation from dairy wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Dairy effluent was used as the substrate in a dual chamber MFC with a copper electrode and agar-NaCl salt bridge. Maximum efficiencies of 71.7%, 67.6%, 49.7%, 43.8%, and 68.9% were achieved in removing COD, BOD, EC, TDS, and oil/grease respectively with a 6 hour detention time. This setup generated a maximum power of 55.118 μW and electrical energy of 0.0992124 W-sec, demonstrating that MFCs can effectively treat dairy wastewater while also generating off-
IRJET- Use of Constructed Wetland Cum Microbial Fuel Cell for Urban Waste Wat...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed hybrid technology for urban wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery using constructed wetlands and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by renewable energy. It notes that currently only 37% of India's wastewater is treated, below standards. The proposed system would use MFCs to initially treat wastewater through ion exchange, with remaining water drained to constructed wetlands for further biological treatment. This hybrid approach could effectively treat wastewater while reducing land area needs. If commercialized, it could help treat an additional 20,000 million liters of wastewater daily in India within 5 years, improving current wastewater treatment shortfalls.
Unification of ETP & MFC: Sustainable Development, Environmental Safety, & Re...Abdullah Al Moinee
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 58th IEB Convention in Khulna, Bangladesh on March 5, 2018. The presentation proposed unifying an effluent treatment plant (ETP) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) to achieve sustainable development, environmental safety, and renewable energy generation. Experiments showed an MFC can treat wastewater and remove heavy metals while generating electricity. The proposal aims to integrate an MFC system into the collection tank of an ETP to biologically treat effluent and produce electricity simultaneously. This unified system could provide renewable energy while protecting the environment and recovering valuable metals in a cost-effective way.
Eco-Friendly Wastewater Treatment Solution Using Self-Powered Microbial Fuel ...Editor IJMTER
Efficient monitoring and control of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) has turned
into an important public issue as the cost of electricity continues to grow and the quality requirement
of processed water tightens. A Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system that drives
a current by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. Self-powered Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs) are more suitable for this application to monitor the status of the waste water. A
novel Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is proposed in this paper which integrates Microbial Fuel
Cells (MFCs), Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAAs) to design a self-powered, highly flexible
and adaptive system. The profusion of bacteria and chemical ingredients in waste water processing
tanks provides materials for MFCs to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. In wastewater
treatment, water is aerated so bacteria in the liquid break down organic material in a closed series of
containers known as a bioreactor. The simulation of the system is done and the results of which can
also be hardware implemented.
Exploring Microbial fuel cell for waste water management and electricity gene...Harold-Wilson Thom-Otuya
This document presents a study exploring the use of microbial fuel cells for wastewater management and electricity generation. Microbial fuel cells use microorganisms to catalyze a chemical reaction that converts chemical energy to electrical energy. They have the potential to simultaneously treat wastewater for reuse and generate electricity. The study aims to provide an alternative renewable energy source and better wastewater treatment technique in a cheaper and more sustainable way. It will design a double chamber microbial fuel cell to treat wastewater in one chamber while generating electricity through a chemical reaction between the chambers.
MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC) TECHNOLOGY FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE REDUCTION AND BIOENE...civej
MFC is a bioreactor, extracts chemical energy from organic compounds, directly as electrical energy,
through microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions. The main objective of the current study is to
compare the degradation ability and corresponding electric potential development from different
household substrates using lab scale MFC. 50hr batch experiments were conducted with household
organic rich substrates like coconut water, rice starch and milk. Different concentrations of KMnO4were
used as oxidizing agent in the cathode chamber. A voltage of about 300to 700mV was produced from
125ml of substrates seeded with cow dung. Coconut water and starch produced electric potential with the
support of oxidizing agent KMnO4, where as the potential produced by milk found to be independent of the
KMnO4concentration. The maximum electric potential developed was 762mV from coconut water at
1500mg/l KMnO4with a COD reduction of 22%.
This document discusses a study on generating electricity using a plant-microbial fuel cell (PMFC). It begins with an introduction to PMFCs, noting that they generate electricity from plant waste through microbial metabolism. The objectives of studying PMFCs are then outlined, including understanding their principles and evaluating their potential as a renewable energy source. A literature survey summarizes several past studies on topics like PMFC applications, electricity generation in rice paddies using PMFCs, and design criteria. The document proposes using PMFCs as a solution to lack of electricity in rural areas in a sustainable way. It recommends further research into interactions between microorganisms, substrates and electrodes in PMFCs, developing new electrode setups, exploring PM
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Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
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Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
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- Basics of IAM in AWS
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-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
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- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
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- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
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- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
1. RV College of
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RV College of
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TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION
“SUSTAINABLE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER USING
MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC)”
PRESENTED BY
SUDHANSHU YADAV
(1RV16CV094)
UNDER SUPERVISION OF
SHASHI KIRAN C R
Asst. Professor
Civil Department
RV College of Engineering
2. RV College of
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Objectives
Need
Literature Survey
Application
Advantages
Designing of MFC
Working Mechanism
MFC In Water Treatment
Bioelectricity Generation
Power Output
Challenges
Future Prospects
References
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INTRODUCTION
Today we are witnessing a global energy crisis due to huge energy demands and
limited resources.
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, which uses microorganisms to transform
chemical energy of organic compounds into electricity is considered a promising
alternative.
It is estimated that domestic waste-water contains 9.3 times more energy than the
treatment consumes.
The fuel cell offers the possibility of direct conversion of the energy in organic
matter into electricity with the potential of a much-simplified process and higher
conversion efficiency.
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MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
A Bio-electrochemical device that harnesses the power of respiring microbes to
convert organic matter in waste-water directly into electrical energy.
The process behind MFCs is cellular respiration.
The temperature can range between 15 and 45°C.
Neutral pH working conditions.
Utilization of complex biomass (often different types of waste or effluent) as
anodic substrate.
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OBJECTIVES
Study microbial fuel cell in details to suggest-
Proper working mechanism
Construction framework of MFC
Substrate and Microorganism used in MFC.
Capabilities of MFC in water treatment.
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NEED
Need of sustainable solution.
According to “The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977,
amended 2003”, polluting industries and big apartments are mandated to treat the
wastewater they generate.
Waste-water treatment remains an economic burden to industries and the public
The use of MFC is considered as a reliable, clean, efficient process, which utilizes
renewable methods and does not generate any toxic by-product
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S.N JOURNAL TITLE PUBLICATION
YEAR
AUTHORS REMARKS
1 Microbial Fuel Cell- An Option For
Wastewater Treatment
EEMJ
2010 Narcis Mihai, Duteanu
Makarand, Madhao
Ghanrekar, Benamin Erable
and Keith Scott
Suggests that it can be cost effective and a better
alternate
Full scale implementation is not straight forward
Many more improvements are necessary
2 A review of the substrates used in
microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable
energy production
Elsevier trans. Bioresource
Technology
2010 Deepak Pant, Gilbert Van
Bogaert, Ludo Diels and
Karolien Vanbroekhoven,
A large number of substrates have been
explored as feed. The major substrates that have
been tried include various kinds of artificial and
real wastewaters and lignocellulosic biomass
3 An experimental study of microbial fuel
cell for electricity generation.
JSBS (JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE
BIOENERGY SYSTEMS)
2013 Jessica li Experiment were done to draw the results based
on different substrates.
Performance characterization were drawn on the
basis of experiments.
4 Wastewater Treatment In Microbial Fuel
Cells
Journal of Cleaner Production
2015 Veera Gnaneswar Gude Shows the possible applications of MFC in waste
water treatment. Scenario of treatment in India
with respect to MFC.
5 Microbial fuel cell as a new technology for
bioelectricity generation
Alexandria Engineering Journal
2015 Mostafa Rahimnejad, Arash
Adhami, Soheil Darvari,
Alireza Zirepour, Sang-eun-oh
It shows the scope of using such technology.
Talks about advantages and disadvantages.
Key factors affecting the efficiency of MFC
LITERATURE STUDY
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S.N JOURNAL TITLE PUBLICATION
YEAR
AUTHORS REMARKS
6 Microbial Fuel Cell
Biochemical Engineering and
Biotechnology - ELSEVIER
2017 Ghasem Najafpour Gives the details about the process involved
Construction of MFC. Focuses on the distribution
of research works on MFC across the glob.
7 Comparative Evaluation Of Waste Water
Treatment Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Trans. Bioresource-Bioprocess -
SPRINGER
2017 Yusuke Asai,
Morio Miyahara,
Atsushi Kouzuma and
Kazuya Watanable
Cod removal , sludge reduction, organic removals
and electricity production are the field to work on.
MFC can sustainably able to save energy needed
for treatment.
8 Microbial fuel cell- methodology and
technology
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
2017 Bruce e . Logan, Bert
Hamelers
This work shows the mechanism involved in the
working of MFC.
The work process flow and its efficiency.
9 Microbial fuel cells: From fundamentals
to applications. A review.
Journal of Power Sources
2017 Carlo Santoro, Catia
Arbizzani, Benjamin Erable
and Ioannis Ieropoulos
Several aspects of the technology are considered.
The development of the concept of microbial fuel
cell into a wider range of derivative technologies,
called bio electrochemical systems.
10 Membrane less Microbial Fuel Cell:
Characterization of Electrogenic Bacteria
and Kinetic Growth Model
Journal of Environmental
Engineering
2019 Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar
and Vel Murugan Vadivelu
The EB acted as a biocatalyst to enhance the
degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD).
Phylogenetic analysis proved the presence of
Pseudomonas species and Bacillus subtilis, which
actively boosted the electron transfer, in the
biofilm.
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APPLICATIONS
Waste Water Treatment
Power Generations
Biosensor
Methane Production i.e. Electrohydrogenesis
Carbon Capture Cells i.e. Electromethanogenesis
Agro And Food Industries
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ADVANTAGES
Production of low-cost electricity from waste materials.
The electricity will be produced all-round the year since waste and xenobiotics are
readily available.
People would be able to produce electricity in their homes.
This technology will be helpful for the people living in poor countries such as Africa
where huge infrastructure required for set of energy production plants is not
available.
MFC will lead to clean up of wastes and xenobiotics. So, it can be used as an
alternate method for bioremediation.
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DESIGN OVERVIEW
Consist of basic parts like-
ANODE
CATHODE
Cation specific membrane
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TYPES OF MFCs
Single chambered and Dual chambered
The MFC containing separate cathodic and anodic chambers is called dual-
chambered MFC
Whereas, the one which contains both cathode and anode in a single chamber is
single-chambered MFC
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CONSTRUCTION
SINGLE CHAMBERED CELL
Uses an external air cathode which is
separated from the inside of the cell by the
membrane
The air cathode version gives a
higher power density
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DOUBLE CHAMBERED CELL
Containing the anode and cathode, separated by a
permeable membrane.
The anode cell contains the substrate
(wastewater or organic material)
Anode, which is coated with a surface film of
microorganisms.
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SUBSTRATE USED IN MFC
The substrates influence MFC performance including the power density (PD) and
Coulombic efficiency.
Commonly used substrates are:
Carbohydrates such as Glucose, Fructose, Xylose, Sucrose, Maltose and Trehalose.
Organic acids such as Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, Lactate, Succinate and Malate.
Alcohols such as Ethanol and Methanol
Inorganic compounds such as Sulphate
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MICROORGANISM USED IN MFC
Microbial fuel cells use electrochemically active bacteria to transfer electrons to
the electrode.
Among the electrochemically active bacteria are Shewanella putrefaciens,
Aeromonas Hydrophila.
Mixed cultures or microbial consortia have been shown to be robust and more
productive than pure strains.
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WORKING MECHANISM
The process behind MFCs is cellular respiration
Microbes at the anode oxidize the organic substrate, generating protons
These protons pass through the membrane to the cathode, and
Electrons which pass through the anode to an external circuit generate a current
An example using acetate as the substrate follows:
Anode: CH3COOH + 2H2O → 2CO2 + 8e– + 8H+
Cathode: 2O2 + 8e– + 8H+ → 4H2O
Overall: CH3COOH + 2O2 →2CO2 + 2H2O + Electricity
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Mechanisms involved in electron transfer:
(A) Indirect transfer via mediators or fermentation products
(B) direct transfer via cytochrome proteins.
(C) direct transfer via conductive pili.
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CAPABILITIES OF MFC IN WATER TREATMENT
All types of waste-water containing organic matter can be treated by this process,
including domestic waste-water, brewery effluent, and much else
In addition to the use of organic substances, MFCs are used for the treatment of
inorganic wastes.
Sulfide is one of the most prevalent and hazardous ions and is found in
wastewater. Sulfide can be oxidized in MFCs by different species of sulfur-oxidizing
bacteria.
Up to 90% of the COD can be removed in some cases and a coulombic efficiency as
high as 80% has been reported.
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Complex substrates below are oxidized by different group of microorganisms and
cause generation of electricity efficiently:
Hexavalent chromium
Chromium is widely used in number of industrial applications such as leather tanning,
metallurgy, electroplating, and as a wood preservatives.
Agro wastes
The waste material arising from various agricultural operations such as farming,
poultry processing industries, slaughter houses, and Agro industries is collectively
termed as Agro wastes. It is rich in COD
Nitrate
The presence of nitrate in water is increasing tremendously due to excessive use of
nitrate-based fertilizers and through animal waste
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BIOELECTRICITY GENERATION
Microbes metabolize organic compounds.
The metabolism of these organic compounds generates electrons and protons.
Electrons are then transferred to the anode surface.
From anode, the electrons move to cathode through electrical circuit.
Protons migrate through electrolyte.
Electrons and protons are consumed in the cathode by reduction of soluble electron
acceptor. Such as oxygen or hexacynoferrate and acidic permanganate.
Electrical power is harnessed by placing a load between the two electrode
compartments.
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Bioelectricity generation process flow
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POWER OUTPUT
The output of MFC depends upon a number of parameters such as:
Configuration
Type of substrate
Its concentration
Microorganism used
Catalyst
Materials used in cathode and anode
Suitable membrane
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Power output may be expressed in several ways:
(A/m2) of anode electrode surface area.
Area power density (W/m2) of anode electrode surface area.
Volume power density (W/m3) of cell volume.
A novel MFC-membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of wastewater has
recently been reported to achieve a maximum power density of 60 W/m3 with the
average current of 1.9 ± 0.4 mA
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CHALLENGES
Relatively Low Energy Production
High Initially Cost
Activation Losses
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FACTORS AFFECTING MFC PERFORMANCE
TEMPERATURE
IONIC STRENGTH
CATHODE MATERIAL
ELECTRODE SPACING
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CONCLUSION
MFC is a state-of-the-art technology for production of electricity from metabolism
of microorganisms.
Microbial fuel cells can harvest electricity from electrode-reducing organisms that
donate electrons to the anode.
While the microorganism oxidizes organic compounds or substrates into carbon
dioxide, the electrons are transferred to the anode.
The best microorganism for producing an electric current is Sporomusa ovata,
which is an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that converts hydrogen and
carbon dioxide to acetate by fermentation.
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The use of microbial fuel cells is still not optimized, and the level of electric current
generated by such systems is low, but the potential for such systems is great.
The success of specific MFC applications in wastewater treatment will depend on:
– the concentration and biodegradability of the organic matter in the influent.
– The wastewater temperature, and the absence of toxic chemicals.
Materials costs will be a large factor in the total reactor costs.
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FUTURE PROSPECTS
MFC is a promising technology for generation of electricity from organic
substances, especially from organic waste of different origin.
Many reports have confirmed that rather than pure cultures, consortium of many
bacteria show improved electron transfer rates to the anode.
Many bacterial strains have been shown to produce mediators which efficiently
transfer electrons to the anode. Identification of new mediators can also increase
the performance of MFC technology.
However, it is still a challenge for MFC researchers to construct large-scale MFCs
that have both high-power production and stable performance.
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The technologies like, use of air cathodes, stacked reactors and cloth electrode
assemblies are promising future in MFCs.
Among these, the use of air cathodes is very effective since it helps in efficient use
of oxygen from air and avoids the need for aerating the water or using chemical
catholytes such as ferricyanide that must be regenerated.
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DISTRIBUTION PF WORKS RELATED TO MFC ACROSS
GLOBE
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REFERENCES
[1] Carlo Santoro, Catia Arbizzani, Benjamin Erable and Ioannis Ieropoulos, “Microbial fuel cells: From fundamentals to applications. A
review,” in Journal of Power Sources, ISSN: 0378-7753, Vol. 356, pp. 225-244, 2017.
[2] Bruce E. Logan, Reneä Rozendal, Uwe Schroder, Jurg Keller, Stefano Freguia, Peter Aelterman, Korneel Rabaey and Bert
Hamelers, “Microbial Fuel Cells: Methodology and Technology,” in Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN: 1520-5851, Vol.
40, pp. 5181-5192, 2006.
[3] Narcis Duteanu, Makarand Ghangrekar, Benjamin Erable and Keith Scott, “Microbial Fuel Cells - An option for wastewater
treatment,” in Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, ISSN: 1069-1087, Vol. 9, 2010.
[4] Deepak Pant, Gilbert Van Bogaert, Ludo Diels and Karolien Vanbroekhoven, “A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells
(MFCs) for sustainable energy production,” in Elsevier trans. Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, Vol. 101, March 2010, pp.
1533-1543.
[5] Hai-Liang Song, Ying Zhu, Jie Li, “Electron transfer mechanisms, characteristics and applications of biological cathode microbial
fuel cells – A mini review,” in Arabian Journal of Chemistry, ISSN: 1878-5352, Vol. 12, pp. 2236-2243, 2019.
[6] Najafpour, Ghasem, “Microbial Fuel Cells,” in book Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology published by Elsevier, Vol. 10, pp.
560-567, 2015.
[7] Yusuke Asai, Morio Miyahara, Atsushi Kouzuma and Kazuya Watanabe, “Comparative evaluation of wastewater-treatment microbial
fuel cells in terms of organics removal, waste-sludge production, and electricity generation,” in Springer open trans. Bioresour.
Bioprocess, Vol. 4, 2017.
[8] Veera Gnaneswar Gude, “Wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells – an overview,” in Journal of Cleaner Production,
ISSN: 0959-6526, Vol. 122, pp. 287-307, 2016.
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[9] Venkatesh Chaturvedi and Pradeep Verma, “Microbial fuel cell: a green approach for the utilization of waste for the generation of
bioelectricity,” in Elsevier trans. Bioresource and Bioprocess, Vol. 3, 2016.
[10] Robin M. Allen & H. Peter Bennetto, “Microbial fuel-cells,” article in Biochem-Biotechnol, Vol. 39, pp. 27–40, 1993.
[11] Jessica Li., “An Experimental Study of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generating: Performance Characterization and Capacity
Improvement,” in Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, ISSN: 2165-4018, Vol. 3, pp. 171-178, 2013.
[12] Mostafa Rahimnejad, Arash Adhami, Soheil Darvari, Alireza Zirehpour and Sang-Eun Oh, “Microbial fuel cell as new technology for
bioelectricity generation: A review,” in Alexandria Engineering Journal, ISSN: 1110-0168, Vol. 88, 2015.
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[16] Government Regulations for Effluents, in IS: 6582‐1971, Bureau of Indian Standards, revised version 2003.
[17] Annual Progress Report (APR) 2017-2018, ENVIS Centre on Control of Pollution Water, Air and Noise, 2018.
[18] Annual Progress Report (APR) 2018-2019, ENVIS Centre on Control of Pollution Water, Air and Noise, 2019.
[19] Overview of Water supply and sewerage System, Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB), 2019.
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