Microbial Fuel Cells
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Bacteria in the anode of a microbial fuel cell convert organic substrates like glucose into electrons, protons, and carbon dioxide. The electrons flow through an electrical circuit to power a load while the protons flow through an exchange membrane to the cathode. At the cathode, the protons and electrons recombine and oxygen is reduced to water. Key components include the anode where bacteria live, a cathode, an exchange membrane, and an electrical circuit connecting the anode and cathode. Microbial fuel cells operate at mild temperatures and can be used to generate electricity from wastewater while also producing clean water or fertilizer.
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Microbial Fuel Cell
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a selectively permeable membrane, where microbes on the anode degrade organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. Electrons then flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, producing electricity. Key factors that affect MFC performance include electrode materials, microbial communities, substrates, and system design optimizations to reduce internal resistance and increase power output. MFCs show promise for applications such as wastewater treatment, biosensing, and generating electricity from organic wastes.
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A microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy. MFCs consist of an anode and cathode separated by a selectively permeable membrane, where microbes on the anode degrade organic matter and transfer electrons to the anode. Electrons then flow from the anode through an external circuit to the cathode, producing electricity. Key factors that affect MFC performance include electrode materials, microbial communities, substrates, and system design optimizations to reduce internal resistance and increase power output. MFCs show promise for applications such as wastewater treatment, biosensing, and generating electricity from organic wastes.
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Microbial fuel cell.pptx
Microbial Fuel Cell
History of MFCs
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Recent Developments
Introduction
History
Working of Microbial fuel cell
Redox Reaction
Components Of Microbial Fuel Cell
Anode Chamber
Cathode Chamber
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Recent Improvements
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Applications
Microbial fuel cell prototype
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Microbial fuel cell.pptx
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Fuel cells convert chemical energy from a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy. They work by continuously supplying hydrogen and oxygen gases to the anode and cathode, where an electrochemical reaction occurs to produce electricity, water, and heat. Unlike batteries which have a limited supply of chemicals, fuel cells can produce electricity continuously as long as fuel is supplied. They have advantages over combustion engines in having zero emissions and higher efficiencies, but remain more expensive than batteries. Common applications include powering vehicles, portable devices, and buildings.
Hydrogen energy
Hydrogen has the highest energy content by mass of any fuel and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons. It has a non-polluting burning process. There are several methods for producing hydrogen, including electrolysis of water, thermo-chemical processes, and from fossil fuels. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. Filter press electrolyzers are most widely used due to their ability to operate at high current densities and production rates. There are challenges to storing hydrogen including its low density and challenges maintaining it as a liquid. Storage methods include high pressure gas, liquid storage using cryogenics, underground storage, and chemically storing it in metal hydrides.
Microbial fuel cells
The document discusses microbial fuel cells (MFCs) which generate electricity through microbial reactions without combustion. MFCs use microbes to oxidize organic matter and generate protons and electrons, with the electrons traveling to the anode and doing work. This is a promising technology as it can treat wastewater while generating electricity in a sustainable way without fossil fuels or pollution. However, challenges remain in scaling up MFCs from the laboratory and improving their low power output for practical applications. Further research on materials and configurations is needed to optimize MFC performance and costs.
GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM PLANTS
The document discusses renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, hydrogen fuel cells, and geothermal power. It notes that renewable energy has advantages over fossil fuels in being safe, abundant, clean, and stable. However, not all renewable sources are commercially viable yet and many depend on location. The document also discusses using plants to generate electricity through photosynthesis by placing electrodes in the soil and producing a small voltage. A experiment is described where copper and iron electrodes were placed by plants and the voltage increased over time, showing a direct relationship between photosynthesis and voltage. Issues with plant-based power include its lower output compared to other renewables. Potential applications mentioned include use in parks, landscaping
MICROBIAL FUEL CELL (MFC) TECHNOLOGY FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE REDUCTION AND BIOENE...
MFC is a bioreactor, extracts chemical energy from organic compounds, directly as electrical energy,
through microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions. The main objective of the current study is to
compare the degradation ability and corresponding electric potential development from different
household substrates using lab scale MFC. 50hr batch experiments were conducted with household
organic rich substrates like coconut water, rice starch and milk. Different concentrations of KMnO4were
used as oxidizing agent in the cathode chamber. A voltage of about 300to 700mV was produced from
125ml of substrates seeded with cow dung. Coconut water and starch produced electric potential with the
support of oxidizing agent KMnO4, where as the potential produced by milk found to be independent of the
KMnO4concentration. The maximum electric potential developed was 762mV from coconut water at
1500mg/l KMnO4with a COD reduction of 22%.
Honors PPT.pptx
Fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction without combustion. They convert chemical energy stored in hydrogen fuel into electricity. Fuel cells were first demonstrated in 1839 and the first practical fuel cell was developed in 1959. Key parts include an anode, cathode, catalyst and electrolyte. Hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte and electrons travel through an external circuit to generate electricity. Fuel cells have various applications and advantages like high efficiency and low emissions but also have disadvantages like high costs. Different types of fuel cells operate at different temperatures using different fuels and electrolytes.
Fuel cell presentation
This document provides an overview of fuel cell technology. It discusses how fuel cells work by electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and heat. The document describes the key components of a fuel cell and different types of fuel cells. It also outlines various applications of fuel cell technology in transportation, stationary power generation, portable power devices, and more. The benefits of fuel cells are highlighted as being clean, efficient, reliable and durable. Challenges to commercialization are noted as reducing costs, developing hydrogen infrastructure, and managing heat from the cells.
FUEL CELLS - NS 316 UNIT III and IV Supporting PPT.pdf
Fuel cells produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion. There are several types of fuel cells classified by their electrolyte, including alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells. Each type has advantages and disadvantages for different applications.
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Microbial Fuel Cells
- 2. Concept Bacteria convert substrate into electrons. The electrons run through the circuit and to power the load. The byproducts include carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
- 3. Components Anode Cathode Exchange membrane Electrical circuit
- 4. Anode The bacteria live in the anode and convert substrate to carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Various things like glucose and acetate can be used. The bacteria are kept in an oxygen- less environment to promote the flow of electrons through the anode.
- 5. Electrical Circuit After leaving the anode, the electrons travel through the circuit. These electrons power the load. The voltage multiplied by the current shows the power.
- 6. Exchange Membrane The protons that the bacteria separated from the electrons flows through the exchange membrane. They recombine on the other side. Can be a proton or cation exchange membrane.
- 7. Cathode The electrons and protons recombine at the cathode. Oxygen is reduced to water. A platinum catalyst is used so the oxygen is sufficiently reduced.
- 9. Video
- 10. Reactions BEAMR Hydrogen evolution reaction
- 11. BEAMR Utilizes electrohydrogenesis, which uses an anaerobic environment to produce pure hydrogen. It uses about one ninth of the energy required by normal electrolysis. It has many different names: Bioelectrochemically assisted microbial reactor Biocatalyzed electrolysis cells Microbial electrolysis cells
- 12. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction The bacteria in the anode separate the protons and electrons. This reaction occurs at the cathode, where they recombine to form hydrogen gas.
- 13. History M.C. Potter first performed work on the concept in 1911 with E. coli at the University of Durham In 1976 the current design was came into existence by the work of Suzuki
- 14. Operating Conditions Function well in mild conditions Operate at 70-100°F
- 15. Uses Beer breweries produce biodegradable wastewater, which MFCs clean. Desalinating water Creating fertilizer
- 16. Environmental Impact If the variety of substrates is increased, waste can be used to create more energy. Instead of big factory manufacturing, fertilizer for farmers can be created with MFCs and common materials. MFCs can be used to desalinate seawater without burning fossil fuels, although not very efficiently yet.
- 17. Efficiency The efficiency varies based on the substrate used, but it can reach very high efficiencies. 91% efficiency has been reached.
- 18. Cost Power density = 150 mW/m2 Volume (MFC): 28 x 10^-6 m3 A/V-ratio: 25 m2/m3 Anode surface area (single chamber) = 7 x 10^-4 m2 Power = 0.165 mW Cost of single-chamber fuel cell: (lab-scale) Toray paper (10x10 cm): $ 11 XC-72 (10x10 cm): $65 Others (perspex, glue, wire): $ 25 Total = $ 100 Cost per Watt = $ 600/mW
- 19. Future More types of substrate Ammonia-treated anodes
- 20. Substrate Currently there is a limit to what can be used as a substrate for the bacteria. Scientists hope to increase these fuel types to include things like sewage and manure.
- 21. Ammonia-Treated Anodes Anodes of MFCs are naturally negative in charge. The anodes can be changed to a positive charge by being treated with ammonia. This will make the anode more receptive to the electron transfer from the bacteria. The energy trade-off to produce this might not be worth the increase in production.
- 22. Bibliography http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/ http://www.engr.psu.edu http://microbialfuelcell.wordpress.com/ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/08010310113 7.htm http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Penn_State_Micr obial_Fuel_Cells_Produce_Hydrogen_from_Waste_Water www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-08/microbial-fuel- cell-cleans-wastewater-desalinates-seawater-and- generates-power http://www.fuelcells.org/info/summer2007.pdf