This document discusses microplastics in indoor and outdoor air. It finds that indoor air contains higher concentrations of microplastics than outdoor air, mainly coming from synthetic textiles shed during normal wear and washing. Microplastics are inhaled and may cause respiratory, cardiovascular, and other health issues. Children are especially vulnerable due to higher inhalation rates and developing respiratory systems. More research is needed to understand health impacts of airborne microplastic pollution.
Fiber, Yarn & Fabric I Basic of fabric I Fiber Classification I Yarn Manufact...Anil Kumar
Fibers are very thin, thread-like strands from which fabrics or cloth is made. Examples of fibers are natural (cotton, wool, silk, flax, jute) and Synthetic fiber (nylon, polyester, polyacrylic etc.). The fibres are spun through spinning process into yarn which can then be woven on a Loom by weaving techniques to make a fabric or cloth.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
usefull for all home science students and for all competitive exams like NET/JRF for other knowledge visit our you tube channel anita singh clothing and textile classes
Textile manufacturing and fabric processing (fiber to fabric)damayantimeher
This presentation deals with basic of fiber to fabric manufacturing process i.e spinning weaving , dyeing and printing.Spinning portion cover both natural fiber spinning, details of weaving and wet chemical processing portion cover dyeing printing and finishing of fibre yarn and fabric
A terry towel is a textile product which is made with loop pile on one or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or other patterns. Special type of weaving technique is required for terry towel manufacturing. Terry towels are often very complex with yarns of different types and colors, in combination with various loop pile and flat structures. The name "terry" comes from the word "tirer" which means to pull out, referring to the pulled out by hand to make absorbent traditional. Turkish toweling Latin "vellus" meaning hair has the derivation "velour" which is the toweling with cut loops.There are many types of towel. Baby Towel, Bath Towel, Beach Towels, Golf Towels ,Hand Towel and Hotel Towels now used commonly.
In this presentation , i am trying to present some basic information about terry towel. Such as - Manufacturing flow chart,Types of yarn used , different parts of towel, pile structure, Design of terry through CAD software, types of selvage etc.
Fiber, Yarn & Fabric I Basic of fabric I Fiber Classification I Yarn Manufact...Anil Kumar
Fibers are very thin, thread-like strands from which fabrics or cloth is made. Examples of fibers are natural (cotton, wool, silk, flax, jute) and Synthetic fiber (nylon, polyester, polyacrylic etc.). The fibres are spun through spinning process into yarn which can then be woven on a Loom by weaving techniques to make a fabric or cloth.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
usefull for all home science students and for all competitive exams like NET/JRF for other knowledge visit our you tube channel anita singh clothing and textile classes
Textile manufacturing and fabric processing (fiber to fabric)damayantimeher
This presentation deals with basic of fiber to fabric manufacturing process i.e spinning weaving , dyeing and printing.Spinning portion cover both natural fiber spinning, details of weaving and wet chemical processing portion cover dyeing printing and finishing of fibre yarn and fabric
A terry towel is a textile product which is made with loop pile on one or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or other patterns. Special type of weaving technique is required for terry towel manufacturing. Terry towels are often very complex with yarns of different types and colors, in combination with various loop pile and flat structures. The name "terry" comes from the word "tirer" which means to pull out, referring to the pulled out by hand to make absorbent traditional. Turkish toweling Latin "vellus" meaning hair has the derivation "velour" which is the toweling with cut loops.There are many types of towel. Baby Towel, Bath Towel, Beach Towels, Golf Towels ,Hand Towel and Hotel Towels now used commonly.
In this presentation , i am trying to present some basic information about terry towel. Such as - Manufacturing flow chart,Types of yarn used , different parts of towel, pile structure, Design of terry through CAD software, types of selvage etc.
Key Words for A/W 21/22 Eco-friendly/Sustainable Material Trendspringliman
This year, a sudden outbreak sounds the environmental alarm for the heavily polluted fashion industry once again. If we consider Fashion Convention jointly signed by 32 fashion enterprises in August 2019 as a start of whole industry making efforts to carry out large-scale sustainability, radical environmental groups outside of the A/W 2020 four fashion weeks, and environmental protection creativity in the show, have highlighted designers or brands passion for fashion environmental protection and a sustainable future. Environmental/sustainable fashion has become a common topic and a new trend in the international industry. Then, as the second most polluted industry and the source of the fashion industry -- textile fibers and fabrics, how to jointly build a sustainable eco-friendly system through sustainable design, production and reuse, is an important direction for the sustainable development of the fashion industry in the future. The three key words for A/W 21/22 eco-friendly / sustainable material trend will give you a glimpse into the future of sustainable fashion fabrics.
View more: https://www.popfashioninfo.com/trend/
Key Words for A/W 21/22 Eco-friendly/Sustainable Material Trendspringliman
This year, a sudden outbreak sounds the environmental alarm for the heavily polluted fashion industry once again. If we consider Fashion Convention jointly signed by 32 fashion enterprises in August 2019 as a start of whole industry making efforts to carry out large-scale sustainability, radical environmental groups outside of the A/W 2020 four fashion weeks, and environmental protection creativity in the show, have highlighted designers or brands passion for fashion environmental protection and a sustainable future.View more: https://www.popfashioninfo.com/trends/material/
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
In this chapter production ,phsical and chemical properties ,physical and chemical structures as well as end use applications of cotton and other bast fibers will be studied.
for level two fashion design student fabric used area in apparel.pptxMezgebuTesfaye4
Cotton, linen, wool, & silk are all-natural and recyclable fibres found in abundance. Synthetic fibres were created because, while natural fibres served their purpose, each had its own set of limitations (such as shrinking and creasing).
Ecofriendly technology for textile industry preranawagh1
ecofriendly technology for our textile industry. this is most important aspect for our new technology. we should influence people for ecofriendly technology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Research shows that many of the microplastics in our bodies come from the
air we breathe – not just from drinking bottled water or eating fish from
polluted oceans. Due to their small size, microplastics can be inhaled and may
induce a wide range of diseases including respiratory and cardiovascular
diseases, as well as cancer.
More than 300 million tons of plastic are produced each year. Half of that
plastic becomes trash in less than a year. Out of the plastics produced, only
9% is recycled; the remaining 91% enters the air, land and water as waste.
Parts end up in our lungs. And they stay in the lung tissue or enter the blood
stream as the body is not able to rid itself of the tiny plastic particles. Babies
who crawl on the floor are the most vulnerable, and children more generally
are most at risk as their respiratory systems are still under development.
Concentration of airborne microplastics higher in indoor air
Microplastics have been found in both indoor and outdoor air. However,
the concentration in indoor air is higher than outdoors, according to research
presented in 2018 by École Nationales des Ponts et Chaussées.
Microplastics in the indoor air result from the fragmentation through friction,
heat or light of plastic objects found in our homes. These include toys,
furniture, plastic bags, cosmetics, toothpaste and scrubs. Showering with a
body scrub alone may flush 100,000 microplastic beads into the wastewater
system and on into the air, says the Environmental Audit Committee in Britain,
which banned microbead use in January 2018, following the lead of the US,
Canada and New Zealand.
The majority of microplastics found in the indoor air, however, comes from
plastic fibres released from synthetic clothing and textiles used in home
furnishings. These microplastic fibres tend to be longer and therefore more
harmful when inhaled. Today, synthetic materials, such as acrylic, nylon,
polyester, make up some 60% of global textile production.
When washing these textiles, microplastic fibers are released and end up in
the wastewater due to lack of good filtration. Washing a fleece jacket, for
instance, releases up to 250,000 microplastic fibers into the
wastewater, according to a 2016 study by the Bren School of Environmental
Science & Management at the University of California Santa Barbara. Sadly,
most wastewater treatment facilities do not have filters to remove
microplastics from so-called ‘treated’ water either.
2. High human health risks
The full health effects of breathing microplastics are not yet entirely
understood. But research proves that the threat to human health is high. Once
inhaled, these tiny particles go into the deep lungs where they may induce
lesions in the respiratory systems. The smallest particles can also pass into
the bloodstream and cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,
induce cancer and affect the human immune and nervous system.
Microplastics found in lung tissue indicate that the body is not able to rid itself
of all particles – i.e. that the microplastics are bio-persistent.
3. Airborne microplastics may also carry other toxic pollutants found in the air,
from bacteria to traffic emissions, into the bloodstream from the lungs.
Children most at risk
Children are more active and breathe more rapidly than adults, taking in more
air in relation to their body weights. This makes them more vulnerable.
Children are also more at risk as their respiratory system are still developing.
Babies and toddlers spend more time playing on the floor, where microplastics
settle in the form of dust. Moreover, small children play with, and may even
chew on plastic toys, putting them at a higher risk. Researchers studying
Tehran’s urban dust found that children may swallow as many as 3,200 plastic
particles a year. A baby’s first exposure to these particles may, however,
already take place before birth, as microplastics have been found in the
placenta.
More research is needed to better understand the impact of airborne pollution
on human health. In December 2017, the United Nations signed a resolution
to stop the flow of plastic waste into the oceans. Its next – and perhaps
greater – challenge is to persuade member nations to sign a new resolution to
stop the flow of plastic waste into the air.
Share
License and Republishing
World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License,
and in accordance with our Terms of Use.
Written by
Kevin Luo, PhD, Particle Deposition in the Human Respiratory System, Royal Institute
of Technology, Sweden @BlueairGlobe
Hierarchy
Pile Fabrics Introduction of Fabric : Definition: A definition of the term pile is a surface effect on a
fabric composed of an infinite number of loops of warp threads, or else of an infinite number of free
ends of wither weft, warp or filling, threads that stand erect from the foundation or ground structure
of cloth. In looped pile the loops are uncut, in cut pile the same or similar loops are cut, either in the
loom during weaving or by a special machine after the cloth leaves the loom. Classification of pile
4. fabrics : I. Warp pile : cut loops (velvet ) Uncut or loop pile (terry toweling) II. Weft pile : cut
(velveteen & corduroy) Warp pile fabrics : If the pile thread used as a warp thread then called warp
pile fabric. Terry toweling is one of the warp pile class. All carpets are warping pile fabric. Carpet
may be loop pile and cut pile. Mainly cut piles are used to produce design. Weft pile fabrics : The
pile weft is cut in a separate operation after weaving resulting in a surface consisting of short and
very dense tufts. In weft pile structures ,also known as velveteen’s is very high density of picks,
which may reach to 200 picks per centimeters. Care of pile fabrics: According to the pile fabrics
products, there are some symbol which are given to follow the care of that fabrics. Some symbol are
given below – A terry towel is a textile product which is made with pile loops on one or both sides
covering the entire ground surface or forming pile strips, pile checks, or other pile patterns (with
hemming end or with firm selvedges). Turkish Toweling fabrics structures form a class of warp pile
termed terry pile in which certain warp threads form loops or curls on the face of the cloth. We may
use one weft and two series of warp threads placed on two warp beams are necessary for the
production of this cloth. Cashmere Towels are made of Superior Ring Spun Quality Yarn. They are
soft and luxurious and will provide a sense of comfort to your valued guests. Cashmere Towels are
the best choice you w
ill m
ake by balancing luxury and cost. ***Dont forget to subscribe ****
8. The terry pile is a warp pile structure that has loops on its surface that
are formed by certain warp ends. Terry piles are constructed by using
one series of weft threads and two series of warp threads; one for the
ground and the other for the pile. The ground warp interlaces with the
ground weft to form the ground cloth. This ground cloth holds the
loops formed by the pile ends and allows the looped portion to project
on the fabric surface. The loops may be single sided (face) or double
sided (face and back). Fig. 2.3 shows the different types of terry
structures, schematically.
9. Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.3. Schematic diagram of various types of terry structures. (A) Single side
terry, (B) both side terry, (C) alternate single side terry, and (D) alternate both side
terry.
In Fig. 2.3, A shows a single-sided terry, B shows a double-sided
continuous terry structure, C shows a pile thread alternating between
the face and the back that permits the formation of pile figure on
exposed ground, while at D the structure shows that ornamentation is
carried out by having two differently coloured sets of threads mutually
alternating between the face and the back thus forming a figure in one
colour on the background of another. All the structures apart from A
are reversible.
Loop geometry is associated with the profile of the loops on the finished fabrics. In some fabrics,
the loops remain unchanged after finishing while in some fabrics the loops gets twisted and lose
their original shape after finishing.
Classic terry
The loop geometry shown in Fig. 2.5 is that of the classic terry. These types of loops do not
change their shape after finishing. They are made from the two or more ply pile yarns. The
aesthetic appearance of this type of fabrics is better as compared to the fashion terry because of
the loop uniformity.
10. Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.5. Classic terry.
Fashion terry
The loop geometry shown in Fig. 2.6 is that of fashion terry. These types of loops change their
shape after finishing. They are made from the one ply pile yarns. The aesthetic appearance of this
type of fabric is poor as compared to classic terry because of the loop distortion. However, the
compression and softness of fashion terry fabrics are better than classic terry fabrics.
Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.6. Fashion terry.
2.4.1.3 According to loop disposition
Terry fabric can be classified according to the placement of the loops on the fabric's surface.
These variants of fabric are produced keeping in mind the product cost and its application
performance. They are of two types.
Single side terry
In this type of fabric, the terry loops protrude on one side of the fabric. The other side of the
fabric remains plane. The pile loops can be entirely on one side of the fabric or they can
interchanges alternately on the face and back of the fabric, as shown in Fig. 2.7. This type of
fabric is generally sold at low cost as that of the fabric is also low.
Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.7. Single side terry.
Double side terry
In this type of fabric, the terry loops protrude on both side of the fabric (Fig. 2.8). The cost of the
fabric is high. The performance of the fabric is better as compared to the single-side terry.
Sign in to download full-size image
11. Fig. 2.8. Double side terry.
2.4.1.4 According to surface modification
The surface modification refers to the change in the surface feel and appearance by cutting the
loops. The terry fabric can be divided in two groups.
Sheared terry fabric
The loops produced during weaving are cut by mechanical means making pile yarn ends open
(Fig. 2.9). These open ends make the fabric surface more smooth and produce a velvet effect.
Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.9. Sheared terry fabric.
Nonsheared terry fabric
The loops produced during weaving are left in their original form, so that the fabric surface
remains covered with the loops only (Fig. 2.10). This is the most popular type of terry fabric and
around 84% of the total production of the terry fabric belongs to this class.
Sign in to download full-size image
Fig. 2.10. Nonshearedterry.
2.4.1.5 According to end uses
The major application of terry fabrics is as terry towel. These can be classified as home towels
and beach towels. Home towels are normally nonsheared, ie, loops are not cut, whereas beach
towels are normally sheared. All types of towels are shown in Fig. 2.11
12.
13. P
G1
G2
X
X
X
G1 P G2 p
Single side Face Terry
P1
G1
G2
P2
X
X
X
X
X
X
G1 P1 G2 P2
Double Side 3-PickTerry
Terrycloth, terry cloth, terry cotton, terry towelling, terry, terry towel or simply towelling is
a fabric woven with many protruding loops of thread which can absorb large amounts of water. It can
be manufactured by weaving or knitting. Terrycloth is woven on special looms that have two beams
of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally.[1][2]
The first industrial production
of terrycloth towels was initiated by the English manufacturer Christy in 1850.