This document discusses various theories of motivation: 1) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological and safety needs before pursuing higher level needs. 2) Theory X and Theory Y which present opposing views on whether people dislike work or can exercise self-direction. 3) Job Enrichment theory which argues that meaningful work with variety, identity, significance, autonomy and feedback motivates employees. 4) Expectancy Theory which ties individual effort to performance and rewards. 5) Equity Theory where perceptions of fairness directly impact motivation. The document emphasizes that modern approaches to motivation incorporate a range of theories to engage workers through corporate culture, incentives, and training.

1. Motivation
Dr. Andree Swanson

2. Opening Activity
What motivates
you at work?
To go to work?
Consider what motivates you.

3. ManagementSkills:
HavingWhatitTakestoGettheJobDone

4. Motivation: Lighting the Fire
4
• Good managers motivate others to reach
their best.
• Motivated workers feel great about
work.
• Workers who feel good, produce more.
• Diverse range of motivation theories

5. Question
Are any of you in a position
where you need to motivate
employees?
Consider… are you responsible for motivating
others?

6. Theories of Motivation:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
6

7. Question
Have you heard
of this theory?
Where are you
on the
hierarchy?
Please post your response in the Seminar

8. Theories of Motivation: Theory X
and Theory Y
8
Theory X Assumptions Theory Y Assumptions
Workers dislike work and will
avoid it
Work is as natural as play or
rest—workers do not dislike it
Fear is motivating—coercion and
threats are vital
Rewards can motivate—people
can exercise self-direction and
self-control
People prefer to be directed,
avoiding responsibility
People can accept, and even
seek responsibility
Imagination, creativity, and
ingenuity is widely distributed
Intellectual capacity of average
workers is underutilized

9. Question
Are you Theory X or Theory Y?

10. Theories of Motivation: Job
Enrichment
10
Creating jobs with meaningful
content, creative work:
 Skill Variety
 Task Identity
 Task Significance
 Autonomy
 Feedback

11. Question
Do you use any
job enrichment
techniques on
your job?

12. Theories of Motivation: Expectancy
Theory
12
Relationship among individual
effort, individual performance
and individual reward

13. Question
Have you been
involved in a
program
using the
Expectancy
Theory?

14. Theory of Motivation: Equity Theory
Perception of fairness
directly impacts worker
motivation.
The response to inequity
almost always involves:
 Challenges to the system
 Changing work habits
(negatively)
 Distorting your perceptions
 Leaving the company
14

15. Question
Have you been
involved in a
program
using the
Equity
Theory?

16. Motivation Today
16
• Range of motivation approaches
• Engaged and productive workers
• Emphasis on corporate culture
• Expanded incentives
• Focus on training and development