This document discusses various methods used in educational psychology research: experimental, observation, clinical, and differential. The experimental method involves manipulating variables to test hypotheses. Observation methods involve observing human behavior without intervention. The clinical method uses case studies to understand issues like fears and anxieties. Differential psychology examines individual differences in behavior and the underlying processes, using methods like correlations, field surveys, and longitudinal studies. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are also outlined.

1. METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
DR RITU TRIPATHI CHAKRAVARTY

2. WHO IS A LEARNER?
Curious MIND
Seeker of Knowledge
Happy Soul

3. UNDERSTANDING THE
BASIS OF VARIOUS
METHODS OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGISTS USE THE
SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO CONDUCT THEIR
RESEARCH. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS A
STANDARDIZED WAY OF MAKING
OBSERVATIONS, GATHERING DATA,
FORMING THEORIES, TESTING
PREDICTIONS, AND INTERPRETING
RESULTS. RESEARCHERS MAKE
OBSERVATIONS IN ORDER TO DESCRIBE
AND MEASURE BEHAVIOR

4. METHODS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION CLINICAL DIFFERENTIAL

5. EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD
Experimental method is employed in
psychological science for testing behaviour.
In designing a test a psychologist deals with
one variable at a time while the other variables
are kept constant.
It enables a psychologist to have-objective
knowledge of the various factors which
influence the behaviour of an individual.

6. GENERALLY THE
STIMULUS OR THE
CONDITIONS OF THE
ORGANISM THAT IS
VARIED IN THE
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE OF AN
EXPERIMENT, AND
THE RESPONSES ARE
ITS DEPENDENT
VARIABLES
• RESPONSES INCLUDE
• (1) EXTERNAL BEHAVIOUR, E.G.,
MOVEMENTS OF A RAT ALONG
THE PATHWAY OF A MAZE,
• (2) PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES,
E.G., INCREASED HEARTBEAT,
ETC., AND
• (3) SPEECH, E.G.,’ VERBAL
EXPRESSIONS OF THE SUBJECT’S
EXPERIENCE, E.G., DESCRIPTIONS
OF SENSATIONS, THOUGHTS,
FEELINGS, ETC.

7. SO BY
EXPERIMENT
METHOD WE
MEAN
• THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD INVOLVES
MANIPULATING ONE VARIABLE TO
DETERMINE IF CHANGES IN ONE
VARIABLE CAUSE CHANGES IN ANOTHER
VARIABLE. THIS METHOD RELIES ON
CONTROLLED METHODS, RANDOM
ASSIGNMENT AND THE MANIPULATION
OF VARIABLES TO TEST A HYPOTHESIS

8. TYPES OF
EXPERIMENT
METHOD
LAB EXPERIMENTS FIELD EXPERIMENTS
QUASI-EXPERIMENTS (
NATURAL EXPERIMENTS)

10. OBSERVATION METHOD
• THE OBSERVATION METHOD INVOLVES HUMAN OR
MECHANICAL OBSERVATION OF WHAT PEOPLE ACTUALLY DO
OR WHAT EVENTS TAKE PLACE DURING A BUYING OR
CONSUMPTION SITUATION. “ INFORMATION IS COLLECTED
BY OBSERVING PROCESS AT WORK

11. HERE ARE FOUR TYPES
OF
OBSERVATIONAL RESEAR
CH YOU CAN DO,
RANGING FROM
DETACHED OBSERVATION
WITH NO PARTICIPATION
ON YOUR PART
(COMPLETE OBSERVER)
TO IMMERSING
YOURSELF COMPLETELY
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
(COMPLETE
PARTICIPANT)
Complete Observer.
Observer as Participant.
Participant as Observer.
Complete Participant.

12. HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/RAGHAVGURGAON/O
BSERVATION-METHODS-AND-TECHNIQUES

13. CLINICAL
METHOD OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
The clinical method is also called case study
method.
It is used by clinical psychologists, psychiatrists,
psychiatric social works and teachers in child
guidance clinics or mental hygiene centers or in
ordinary school situations.
Generally, we use this method when we want to
understand the causes and sources of people’s fears,
anxieties, worries, obsessions, their personal, social,
educational and vocational maladjustments

14. STEPS OF
CLINICAL
METHOD
Basic preliminary information about the subject’s name, age, sex, parent’s
age, education, occupation as well as social status.
Proper physical check-up of the individual is done to ascertain whether
his/her behavioural problem is due to any disease. Only in the absence of
any physical ailment can psychological treatment start.
The subject should be very comfortable with the investigator while the
latter takes the information. The investigator (teacher or psychologist)
should be friendly and the language of collecting data must be simple so
that free and frank responses can be available.

15. STEPS OF
CLINICAL
METHOD
CONTD
The investigator must not tire the subject; instead, regular intervals of rest
should be given. The method cannot be applied hastily - it may go on for
several weeks or months.
The behaviour of the individual should be observed in natural setting and
working conditions. Doing so will provide correct data which ultimately in
most cases, will lead to proper understanding of the root cause of the
person’s problems.
Special care must be taken in the post treatment period so that there is
no recurrence of the problem. The parents and family members and other
associates must take care so that the subject can modify his behaviour
and prevent maladjustment.

17. DIFFERENTIAL
METHOD OF
EDUCATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Differential psychology studies the ways in which
individuals differ in their behavior and the processes that
underlie it.
This approach is applied because psychological research
depends upon statistical controls that are only defined
groups of people.
It is the method of studying the differences within the same
Individual or Between the Individuals in Different Groups

18. WAYS OF
USING
DIFFERENTIAL
METHOD
Correlational Study
Field Survey
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study

19. ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE
OF DIFFERENTIAL
METHOD
Helps to Determine the current trends
Used for solving current Problems and Issues
It is Futuristic in Nature
But
There is the Possibility of Data
Lack Of understanding the method may cause misleading
interpretation of the Data

20. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING
https://www.jstor.org/stabl
e/1472000?seq=1
01
http://www.kkhsou.in/
main/education/psycol
ogy.html
02
http://www.psychologydiscu
ssion.net/notes/psychology-
notes/educational-
psychology-psychology-
notes/top-6-methods-of-
educational-
psychology/2373
03
Crow and Crow, “Educational
Psychology”, Eurasia
Publishing House, New Delhi.
04

21. THANK
YOU