learn about definition, history, method and relevance to nursing and method used in psychology

1. INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
-BY KRUPA MODHIYA
M.Sc NURSING (PSYCHIATRIC)

2.  Psychology is an offspring of subject philosophy.
 Psychology is a GREEK word PSCHI means SOUL and LOGOS
means STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE.
 Later on, Williams james used the term MIND which is
replaced by the SOUL.
 Wilhelm wundt of germany define psychology as the study of
‘consciousness’

3.  Psychology as a separate area of study, split
away from philosophy a little over 100 years
ago.
 The successful experimental method in physical
science encourage some philosophers to think
that mind and behaviour could be studied with
scientific method.
 WILHELMWUNDT was the first to measure
human behaviour accurately and also known as
‘father of psychology’

4.  Psychology is the science of human and animal
behaviour; it include the
application of behavioural science
to human problems.
 Psychology is the science of human
behaviour.
 Psychology is a science, which aim to give us
better understanding and control of behaviour
of the organism whole.

5.  The limit of its operations and Application.
 The branches, topics and Subject matter with which it
deals.
The field of operations and Application of the subject
psychology is too vast :
 it studies, describes and explains the behaviour of living
organism.
 It describes all type of life activities and experiments-
whether conative, cognitive or affective, implicit or explicit,
conscious, unconscious, semiconscious of a living organism.
 It studies not only human behaviour, but also human
experience, language and other forms of communication.


6.  Psychologist are interested in individual differences, either
they be genetically determined or occurring as a result of
learning.
 They study how individuals and society interact and how they
behaves as a member of small and large groups.
 It employs to all the living creature created by the almighty
irrespective of their species, castle, color, age, sex, mental
or physical state.
 Thus normal, abnormal, children, adolescents, youth, adults,
old persons, criminals, patients, consumers, workers, all are
studied in the subjects pychology.
 It also studies the behavior of the animals, insects, birds,
plants life.

7.  Its based on theory and practical.
 It studies on sensation, attention,
concentration, perception, motivation,
frustration, conflict, emotional stress,
personality.
 Its large area of psychology.
 It deal with the fundamental rules, principles
and theories of psychology in relation to
study of behaviour of normal adult human
being.

8.  Studies abnormal
behaviour psycho
pathology.
 Studied the mental
disease conditions.
 Treatment of
disease condition.
 Mental disturbance.
 Confusion.
 Suicidal attempts.
And other.

9.  Social psychology deals with
the group behaviour and
interrelationship of people
with other people.
 It studies various type of
group phenomena such as
public opinion, attitudes,
belief and crowd behaviour.
 It study the way in which
individuals are affected by
other people.

10.  This branch of psychology
describes and explains the
biological and
physiological basis of
behaviour.
 It concerns the structure
and functions of sense
organs, nervous system,
muscles and glands
underlying all behaviours.
 It emphasizes on the
influence of bodily factors
on human behaviour.

11.  It deal with the extra
sensory perceptions,
causes of rebirth,
telepathy and allied
problems.

12.  This is branch of
psychology describe
and explains the
relation of physical
environment
particularly weather,
climate, soil with
behaviour.

13.  Describe the process and
factors that influence growth
and development in relation
to behaviour of individual
from birth to old age.
 It divided into other
branches:- child,
adolescents, adult or old.
 Psychologist try to
understand complex
behaviour by study their
begning and orderly way in
which they change or
develop over life span

14.  Studies the way and
means of carrying out
psychological
experiments by using
scientific method.
 Psychologist do research
in efforts to discover and
understand the
fundamental and general
causes of behaviour.
 Studies- learning,
memory, sensation,
perception, motivation.

15.  In which tried to apply
psychological principles,
theories, techniques to
human behaviour in
education situation.
 Subject matter of this
cover psychological ways
and means of improving all
aspects of teaching
learning process.

16.  Largest subfield.
 Describes causes of mental
illness, abnormal behaviour
of patient and suggest
treatment
 Effective adjustment of the
affected person in society.

17.  Here try to seek apply theory,
principles, techniques for the
study of human relation to
industrial environment.
 It apply to principle to assist
public and private
organization with their hiring
and placement programmes,
training, supervision of their
personnel and the
improvement of
communication within
organization.
 They also counsel employee
for personal problem.

18.  Study the behaviour of
persons like criminals,
clients, witness...
 With the help of
application of the
principles and rule,
techniques
 The root cause of the
crime, offence, disputes
or legal case can be
properly understood

19.  Use the principles and
techniques for the military
science.
 How to keep morale of the
soldiers and citizen high
during war time, how to
secure better recruitment of
personnel for the fighting
capacities and
organizational climate and
leadership ect..
 Are the various topic that
are dealt within this branch.

20.  This branch of
psychology relates itself
with the use of
psychological principles
and techniques in
studying politics and
deriving political gain

22.  To Understand Her and Own.
 To Understand Patients.
 To Recognise Abnormal Behaviour.
 To Understand the Other People.
 To Provide Quality Care to the Patients.
 Help Patients Adjust to the Situations.
 Help for effective studying.
 Readjustment.
 Help the student Nurses to appreciate the
Necessity for Changing the Environment or
surroundings.

23. METHODS
SELF OBSERVATION
OBSERVATIONAL
EXPERIMENTAL
CLINICALCASE
SURVEY
DEVELOPMENTALOR
GENETIC

24.  Oldest method.
 Introspection means to ‘TOO LOOK within’.
 Its not impossible to understand the inner
feelings and experiences of the person.
 Here subject is asked to systematically observe
his own behaviour and report the same.
 For example- a pt after operation may asked to
report how he feel.
 The pt will try to look within and recall what
happened and how he is presently feeling.
 This information will help for better treatment.

25.  This is the oldest methods of psychology.
 Introspection means
 This is also know as self observation method.
 It is not possible to
understand the inner
feelings and experiences
of the persons.
 Here the subject is asked
to systematically observe his
own behaviour and report
the same:
later analized to understand
behaviour

26.  Observation is the objective method of the
studying the behaviour of individual.
 It consists of, perception of an individual’s
behaviour under the natural conditions by the
other individuals interpretation and analyzes
of this perceiving behaviour them.
 In this method observer observe and collects
the data.

27.  Experimental method is considered
as the most and objective scientific
method studying behaviour.
 The word Experimental comes from a latin word
meaning ‘TOTRY’ ‘PUTTOTEST’
 Therefore, in Experimentation we try or put to
test the material or phenomenon, the
characteristic of consequences of which we wish
to ascertain.
 The use of this method has raised psychology to
the status of an Experimental science like
physics, chemistry and physiology.

28.  In psychology experimental study is used to
study the cause and effect relationship
regarding the nature of human behaviour.
 Example the effect of anxiety on the human
behaviour.
 To study the cause and effect relationship the
psychologist use objective observations under
controlled conditions to observe actions or
behaviours of individual.
 From these observations certain conclusions are
dawn and theories or principles established.

31.  All the problems in psychology
cant be studies by the experimental
and other method.
 Some problems like study of opinion, attitudes,
health care needs, ect can be studied by means
of survey method
 This is commonly employed in social
psychology.
 This survey method involves collection or
gathering information from a large number of
people by using questionnaries, inventory,
checklist, rating scale, interview.

32.  Psychologist not study only behaviour of an
individual at a particular time, but also his
development from birth to death, the influence
of heredity and environment in the development
of the person and conditions favorable or
unfavorable for normal and abnormal behaviour.
 Exaple- to understanding the learning behaviour
of an adult the study will start from childhood
and adolescents.
 The study will be start from two ways....