Metering and protection
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1. Substations play an important role in power transmission by transforming voltages between transmission and distribution levels using transformers, circuit breakers, and other equipment. 2. There are two main types of substations: air insulated, which are outdoors, and gas insulated, which can be either indoor or outdoor. 3. Air insulated substations contain key components like transformers, circuit breakers, and monitoring equipment to transform and distribute power safely throughout the transmission and distribution system.
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The document discusses the key components and specifications of the 33/11 kV substation in Hajipur. It provides information on the types and ratings of transformers, circuit breakers, protective relays, insulators, bus bars, isolators, earthing systems, and capacitor banks installed at the substation. Ratings include transformers of 3 MVA capacity, 11 kV incoming and outgoing VCBs of 630A and 800A capacity, and a 160 MVA main bus bar rating. The substation receives high voltage electricity from generating stations and lowers the voltage for local distribution.
Overview of power quality problems ppt
The document discusses power quality and various power quality disturbances including voltage sag, swell, micro and long interruptions, voltage spikes, unbalance, harmonics distortion, and voltage fluctuations. It defines each disturbance, provides examples of common causes and potential consequences on equipment. Maintaining good power quality is important for the proper functioning of modern electronic devices that have become more sensitive to voltage and current deviations from ideal sine waves. Poor power quality can result in equipment damage and malfunctions as well as economic losses.
Sub station training
Substations are facilities that receive power from generating stations and transmit it to consumers at varying voltage levels using transformers and other equipment. They allow for control of voltage, frequency, and power flow. Major substation equipment includes transformers, current and potential transformers, isolators, bus bars, circuit breakers, relays, and capacitor banks. Substations are classified by their application as generation, transmission, distribution, etc. Maintaining a high power factor is important for efficient power transmission, and capacitor banks can be used in substations for power factor correction.
Ashwani kumar
The document provides an overview of a power substation (switchyard) including:
- Typical components including busbars, circuit breakers, current transformers, and surge arrestors.
- Explanations of switchyard equipment such as circuit breakers, isolators, earth switches, and their functions.
- Descriptions of different types of substations based on voltage levels and mounting structures.
- Brief explanations of additional equipment such as capacitive voltage transformers, wave traps, and post insulators.
Switchgear & Rectifier ppt
Switchgear and rectifiers are used to control, protect, and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear includes disconnect switches, fuses, and circuit breakers, and is used to de-energize equipment for work and clear faults. Rectifiers convert alternating current to direct current through processes like half-wave and full-wave rectification. Common types of switchgear and rectifiers include low voltage switchgear, air circuit breakers, single-phase and three-phase rectifiers, which provide functions like electrical protection, isolation from live parts, and switching. Proper maintenance through inspection, testing, and cleaning helps ensure safe and reliable operation.
Overview of power quality problems
This document discusses various types of power quality disturbances including voltage sag, swell, micro and long interruptions, voltage spikes, unbalance, harmonics distortion, and voltage fluctuations. It defines each disturbance, provides examples of common causes, and outlines potential consequences to equipment. Key power quality issues addressed are deviations from ideal sine waves, sensitivity of modern equipment to voltage disturbances, and economic losses due to quality problems.
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Metering and protection
- 2. Power Transmission system 132/ 230/400kV 12-15kV 33kV Power Plant Transformer Power plant Switch Yard Transmission line Switch Yard Transformer Local Distribution network
- 3. TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS Air Insulated Substations Gas Insulated Substations Outdoor Indoor Air Insulated Substations Gas Insulated Substations
- 4. AIR INSULATED SUBSTATION CONSISTS OF • Transformers • Circuit Breakers • Current and Voltage Instreumentation transformers • Isolator • Bus bar systems • Surge Arresters • Control Monitoring and operational systems • Capacitor banks
- 10. EQUIPMENT OF CONTROL PANEL Ammeter Voltmeter Energy Meter Mega Wattmeter MVA Meter Relay ( Over current Relay, Earth Fault Relay & Differential Relay) Control Switch Auxiliary Relay Indicator lamp
- 11. WHAT IS ENERGY METER? The energy meter is an electrical measuring device, which is used to record Electrical Energy Consumed over a specified period of time in terms of units. The most common unit of measurement on the electricity meter is the kilowatt hour [kWh], which is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour.
- 12. For Direct current DC Power Can be carried out using a voltmeter and an am meter For Alternating Current AC Active Power Reactive Power Apparent Power Angle between Voltage and current LLVIP sinLL IVQ cosLL IVP 22 QPS
- 15. CT RATIO, PT RATIO & MULTIPLICATION FACTOR CTPT DETAILS CAPACITY PT : 11KV/110V, 100VA CT : 20/5A 10VA Accuracy : 0.5 Class CAPACITY PTR : 11 KVA/110V CTR : 10/5A Accuracy : 0.5 Class MULTIPLYING FACTOR MF = X X Dial MF Adopted PTR Meter PTR Meter CTR Adopted CTR
- 16. NATURE AND CAUSES OF FAULT IN 11 KV OR 33 KV LINE • Conductors clashing in the wind • Breakdown of Conductor • Tree branches falling on overhead conductors • Aanimals or birds getting curious • Careless motor vehicle drivers • Lightning strikes • Insulator Crack • • Operating error : leaving earths connected etc • Some are more permanent:
- 17. Effects of faults 1. Heavy Short circuit current may cause Damage of equipment 2. Fire Hazards 3. Loss of system stability , Individual generator in power system may lose synchronism, resulting in a complete shutdown of power system ( BLACK OUT) 4. Interruption of supply consumer, thereby causing a loss of revenue
- 18. PROTECTIVE RELAY A automatic Device which detects an abnormal condition in an electrical circuit and causes a circuit breaker to isolate the faulty elements of the system and may gives alarm to alert operator. Line CT Relay Trip coil Circuit Breaker
- 19. MCGG 52/82 MiCOM P121/122 CDG OVER CURRENT AND EARTH FAULT RELAY USED IN WZPDCL AREA