2. NATURE AND CAUSES OF FAULT IN 11 KV OR 33 KV LINE
• Conductors clashing in the wind
• Breakdown of Conductor
• Tree branches falling on overhead conductors
• Aanimals or birds getting curious
• Careless motor vehicle drivers
• Lightning strikes
• Insulator Crack
•
• Operating error : leaving earths connected etc
• Some are more permanent:
3. Effects of faults
1. Heavy Short circuit current may cause Damage of
equipment
2. Fire Hazards
3. Loss of system stability , Individual generator in power
system may lose synchronism, resulting in a complete
shutdown of power system ( BLACK OUT)
4. Interruption of supply consumer, thereby causing a loss
of revenue
4. PROTECTIVE RELAY
A automatic Device which detects an abnormal
condition in an electrical circuit and causes a circuit
breaker to isolate the faulty elements of the system
and may gives alarm to alert operator.
Line CT Relay Trip coil
Circuit
Breaker
5. MCGG 52/82
MiCOM
P121/122
CDG
OVER CURRENT AND EARTH FAULT RELAY USED
IN WZPDCL AREA
14. CAUSES OF DIFFERENTIAL FAULT
Winding to winding fault
Winding to Core fault
Relay loose it selectivity
CT problem
Necessary Action after Differential Fault:
Insulation test ( by 5KV Magger )
Open Circuit Test
Short Circuit test
Winding DC resistance test