This document outlines the agenda and topics to be covered in a generator protection system seminar taking place on January 13, 2016 from 1-3pm at the YTU Electrical Power Department. The seminar will include welcome and introduction sessions followed by presentations on generator protection systems, protection functions and their details, and a question and answer section. Protection topics to be covered include generator differential protection, distance protection, ground protection, unbalance protection, loss of excitation protection, inadvertent energization protection, and breaker failure protection. Sample generator protection relay wiring diagrams and configurations for small, medium, and large generators will also be discussed.
Ground faults in generator stator and field/rotor circuits are serious events that can lead to damage, costly repair, extended outage and loss of revenue.
This paper explores advances in field/rotor circuit ground fault and stator ground fault protection. These advanced protection strategies employ AC injection and other tactics to provide benefits in security, sensitivity and speed.
Bus Bar protection Schemes,Simple Current differential scheme,Need for bus bar protection,requirement of bus bar protection,recommendations for providing bus bar protection,basics of busbar protection,Types of bus-bar protections,High speed differential protection
Automatic voltaer regulator and it's modellingrajani51
in power supply system we have to keep the voltage constant.but when load is connected to the generator voltage difference will occur. to tackle this closed loop control of generator voltage is required. this can be achieved by AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
Ground faults in generator stator and field/rotor circuits are serious events that can lead to damage, costly repair, extended outage and loss of revenue.
This paper explores advances in field/rotor circuit ground fault and stator ground fault protection. These advanced protection strategies employ AC injection and other tactics to provide benefits in security, sensitivity and speed.
Bus Bar protection Schemes,Simple Current differential scheme,Need for bus bar protection,requirement of bus bar protection,recommendations for providing bus bar protection,basics of busbar protection,Types of bus-bar protections,High speed differential protection
Automatic voltaer regulator and it's modellingrajani51
in power supply system we have to keep the voltage constant.but when load is connected to the generator voltage difference will occur. to tackle this closed loop control of generator voltage is required. this can be achieved by AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
This Presentation gives information on How Generator in Power Plants are protected with State of art technologies. Also provide information how latest Power System Protection technologies are more reliable operation.
Main equipment in the power plant is Generator. It's cost is much higher than any other equipment so we will have to protect the generator from all the possible faults and errors.
Catalog thiết bị đóng cắt Fuji Electric - 08 - Circuit Protector
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CTY TNHH HẠO PHƯƠNG - Nhà phân phối chính thức các thiết bị điện công nghiệp và tự động hóa của hãng FUJI ELECTRIC JAPAN tại Việt Nam
Xem chi tiết các sản phẩm Fuji Electric tại
http://haophuong.com/b1033533/fuji-electric
generators, generator types, generator function, generator instillation, working principle of generator starter circuit, relationship between KW,KVA and KVAR auto voltage regulation (AVR), speed monitoring circuit.
Check out this presentation from GE Energy Consulting's Bruce English on strategies for protecting turbines from the challenge of SSR resulting from the growing amount of renewable energy being introduced to electric power systems around the world.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Practical Implementation of Microgrid Control, Protection, and Communications, presented by Scott Manson, SEL, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
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5. Index
The
"Wild"
Power
System
G
Exciter
Loss of Field
Loss of Field
Overexcitation
Overexcitation
Overexcitation
Open
Circuits
Loss of
Synchronism
Inadvertent
Energizing,
Pole Flashover
Abnormal
Frequency
Abnormal
Frequency
Breaker
Failure
Reverse
Power
Over
Power
What Really happened ?
6. IndexWhat Really happened ?
The
"Wild"
Power
System
G
Exciter
Stator
Ground
Stator
Phase
System
Ground
System
Phase
7. Index
Protection Functions
• Generator Stator Differential
• Backup Distance Protection
• 100% Stator Ground
• Generator Unbalance
• Loss of Excitation
• Accidental Energization
• Breaker Fail
• Phase Overcurrent – Voltage Restraint
• Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent
• Neg. Sequence Overcurrent
• Under / Over Voltage
• Under / Over Frequency
• Generator Thermal Model
• RTD Temperature
• Overexcitation – Volts/Hertz
8. Index
Small Generator Protection (IEEE)
32 Reverse Power
40 Loss of Excitation
51V voltage restraint
51G Ground overcurrent
87 Differential
Small Size – up to 1 MW
9. Index
Medium Generator Protection (IEEE)
Medium Size – up to 12.5 MW
32 Reverse Power
40 Loss of Excitation
46 Negative Sequence
51V voltage restraint
51G Ground overcurrent
87 Differential
10. Index
Large Generator Protection (IEEE)
Large Size – Up to 50 MW
32 Reverse Power
40 Loss of Excitation
46 Negative Sequence
49 Thermal Overload
51V voltage restraint
51G Ground overcurrent
64 Ground Relay
87 Differential
11. Index
Large Generator Protection (IEEE)
Large Size – above 50 MW
32 Reverse Power
40 Loss of Excitation
46 Negative Sequence
49 Thermal Overload
51V voltage restraint
51G Ground overcurrent
64 Ground Relay
87 Differential
16. Index
binary w. cable supervision inputs
Three-phase V AC
(110-690V AC)
Three-phase I AC
MPU pickup/
Dig. running/
Ana. running
Crank
Start prepare
Run/stop coil
Three multi inputs: PT 100/1000, (0)4..20mA, VDO, 0..40V
Emergency stop
Start enable
Sample Generator Protection with Relay
21. Index
Protection Functions
Generator Stator Differential (87)
• Stator Phase Differential
• Dual Slope Percent Restraint Operating
Characteristic
• Directional Supervision under saturation
conditions
Distance Protection (21/21N)
• set based in percentages of the line
impedances
• zone 1 is 80% of the impedance of the line in
order to not reach the remote end, the
• zone 2 can be set at 120% of the impedance of
the line in order to dependably overreach the
line,
• zone 3 sometimes are disabled or set to cover
an adjacent line.
22. Index
Protection Functions
Voltage Protection (59)
• Phase Overvoltage
• Phase Undervoltage
• Neutral Overvoltage (fundamental)
• Neutral Undervoltage (3rd Harmonic)
• Voltage Phase Reversal
Voltage Restraint Overcurrent
Undervoltage Trip Curves
23. Index
Protection Functions
Current Protection (50)
• Phase, Ground and Negative Sequence
Overcurrent Tripping
• IEC, ANSI , IAC and Customizable
Overcurrent Curves
• Voltage Restraint increasing sensitivity under
low voltage conditions
24. Index
Protection Functions
Frequency Protection (81)
• Overfrequency (81O)
• Underfrequency (81U)
100% Stator Ground Protection (59N/59D)
Protects all of the stator winding
Existing schemes typically only see 90%
Stop low level fault near neutral from
degrading into a high level fault and causing
large amounts of damage
25. Index
Protection Functions
Reverse Power (32)
Should be sensitive to 0.05 pu to properly detect motoring in large steam turbines
Existing E/M and Static relays not sensitive enough
May cause shutdown difficulties
Negative Sequence (46)
Should be sensitive to low values to detect open poles/conductors on system after
GSU
Existing E/M and Static relays not sensitive enough
Long time low level events may cause excessive rotor heating, thermal tripping and
damage rotor
26. Index
Protection Functions
Volt/Hertz (Overexcitation) (40)
• Detects changes in the Volts/Hertz ratio of the
generator or associated transformer
Loss of Excitation
Loss of Excitation (24)
• Uses Impedance Circle for loss of excitation
detection
• 2 Zones for fault detection and control
27. Index
Protection Functions
Thermal Protection (49 )
• Generator Thermal Model
• RTD Alarming and Tripping
• RTD Biased Thermal Model
Thermal Model – Voltage Dependen
Overload Curves
28. Index
Protection Functions
Inadvertent Energizing (27)
• High speed tripping of unit after breaker accidentally closed on dead machine,
also pole flashover prior to syncing
• Most existing schemes do not incorporate
• Many schemes fail due to complexity (reliance on breaker auxiliary switches,
yard distance relays, etc.
• If breaker is not tripped rapidly, mechanical and electric damage can occur to
machine in fractions of a second!
• Pole flashovers must be cleared by high speed breaker failure, as the breaker
is open!