Metals and Non metals
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This document discusses the classification and properties of elements as either metals or non-metals. Metals have properties such as sonority, high melting and boiling points, corrosion, and reactions with water and acids to form salts and hydrogen gas. Non-metals tend to have opposite properties, such as low density and melting/boiling points, no corrosion or reaction with water, and limited reactivity with acids. The key differences between metals and non-metals are outlined for several important physical and chemical properties.
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Metals and Non-metals
Metals and non-metals have distinct physical and chemical properties. Physically, metals tend to be solid, shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals are usually brittle solids, liquids, or gases that are poor conductors. Chemically, metals react with non-metals like sulfur to form compounds called metal sulfides, and they react with oxygen to form metal oxides, which may dissolve in water to form bases. Non-metals also react with oxygen to form oxides, which dissolve in water to form acids like sulfurous acid. Common metals and non-metals have a variety of industrial and domestic uses based on their properties.
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Metals are strong, hard, and difficult to break. They are very good conductors of heat and electricity. Most metals are dense, silvery in color, and have high melting and boiling points. Metals are solids at room temperature, except for mercury which is liquid, and can be shaped through hammering while malleable or stretching thinly while ductile.
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Topics Included
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• Metals
→ Physical properties of metals
→ Chemical Properties of metals
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Metals and Non metals
- 2. Matter Elements Compounds Mixtures Gold Sodium chloride Salt solution Example :
- 7. • METALS: • NON METALS
- 12. Sonority: • The ability of metals to produce a particular ringing sound when it is tapped on a hard surface is termed sonority. • Non metals do not have the capacity to produce ringing sound.
- 13. METALS NON METALS Metals have high melting and boiling points Non metals have low melting and boiling points. Metals have high density Non metals have low density. Very hard(except sodium and potassium) Soft(except diamond)
- 14. Chemical properties: Metals Non metals Corrode easily Do not corrode easily. Metal oxides are generally basic in nature. Non metal oxides are generally basic in nature. They usually dissolve in mineral acids to form salt and liberate some gas. They generally do not react in mineral acids.
- 16. Reaction with water: • Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen. • Sodium reacts with water and forms sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. 2 Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 • Magnesium reacts with water and forms magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen. Mg + H2O Mg(OH)2 +H2 • Non metals do not react with water.
- 17. Reaction with acids: • Metals react with acids to form metallic salts and hydrogen. • Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 • Most of the non metals do not react with acids. But some non metals like sulphur reacts with concentrated nitric acid to form sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and water. S + 4HNO3 SO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
- 19. THANK YOU