Message integrity protocol
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This document discusses message integrity and public key distribution using X.509 certificates. Message integrity ensures data has not been modified in transit by using hashing algorithms. The sender calculates a hash on the message and includes the digest, and the receiver independently calculates the hash to verify it matches. Key management for distributing public and private keys securely is also discussed. X.509 certificates are structured binary records used for public key distribution, containing fields like user information signed by a public key authority.
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Public Key Cryptography and Message Authentication
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If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) MathType Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
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Cryptography is the process of securing communication and information. It involves encrypting plaintext into ciphertext using algorithms and decrypting the ciphertext back to plaintext. The main goals of cryptography are confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, authentication, access control, and availability. There are three main types of cryptographic algorithms - secret key cryptography which uses the same key for encryption and decryption, public key cryptography which uses different keys for encryption and decryption, and hash functions which are one-way functions to encrypt information irreversibly. Common cryptographic hash functions include MD5 and SHA-1 which are used to verify integrity of files and messages.
Is unit-4-part-1
This document discusses key management and distribution. It covers several methods for distributing symmetric keys including physical delivery, using a third party, and encrypting new keys with previous keys. It also discusses distributing asymmetric keys through public announcement, directories, authorities, and certificates. X.509 certificates are described as binding a user's identity to their public key through a digital signature from a certification authority (CA). CA hierarchies are discussed to allow validation of certificates across different CAs.
Unit v
UNIT V - Application Layer(DNS,Network Security cryptography,Symmetric key algorithms,Public key Algorithms,Digital Signature
unit6.ppt
The document discusses various authentication applications and protocols including Kerberos, X.509, PKI, PGP, and S/MIME. It provides details on:
- Kerberos uses tickets to allow secure communication over non-secure networks.
- X.509 defines a framework for authentication using public key certificates signed by certification authorities (CAs) and stored in directories. It includes one-way, two-way, and three-way authentication protocols.
- PKI refers to the hardware, software, policies and procedures for managing digital certificates based on public key cryptography.
- PGP and S/MIME provide email security through encryption, signatures, and integrity checks using symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. While
Cloud Security Mechanisms
This document discusses 8 cloud security mechanisms:
1. Encryption protects data confidentiality during transmission using encryption keys. Symmetric encryption uses one key while asymmetric uses two keys.
2. Hashing creates a unique code to verify data integrity and detect unauthorized changes using one-way functions.
3. Digital signatures provide authentication and non-repudiation by encrypting a hash of a message with a private key.
4. PKI uses digital certificates and certificate authorities to securely associate public keys with identities.
5. IAM controls user identities and access privileges using authentication, authorization, user management, and credential management.
6. SSO allows single authentication across multiple services using tokens from a security broker.
cryptography security
This document provides an introduction to cryptography, including definitions, security attacks, objectives of information security, and types of cryptographic functions. It describes secret key cryptography, where a single key is used for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography, where each individual has two keys - a private key and public key. It also discusses hash functions and how they are used for password hashing, message integrity, message fingerprints, and download security.
Key distribution code.ppt
This document discusses network security and cryptography. It defines four requirements for secure transactions: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. It also defines cryptography as the science of encrypting messages to make them secure and immune to attacks. The two main categories of cryptography are symmetric-key and asymmetric-key cryptography. Symmetric-key cryptography uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt, while asymmetric-key cryptography uses public and private key pairs. Digital signatures, public key infrastructure, certificates, and cryptanalysis are also discussed.
Rakesh
Kerberos is an authentication system that uses symmetric cryptography to allow nodes on an insecure network to prove their identity to one another. It was developed at MIT to allow users to securely access services over the university's open computer network. Kerberos uses tickets and timestamps to authenticate users based on a variant of the Needham-Schroeder protocol while preventing replay attacks. The protocol relies on trusted central authentication servers and assumes all computers on the network could be compromised, so it aims to authenticate users rather than individual machines.
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Information and network security 41 message authentication code
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Message integrity protocol
- 1. MESSAGE INTEGRITY PROTOCOL & PUBLIC KEY DISTRIBUTION X.509 By .. K.Rajalakshmi I-MSC (IT)
- 2. Synopsis: Message integrity Key management X.509 certificate
- 3. Message integrity: Message integrity describes the concept of ensuring that the data has not been modified in transit This is typically accomplished with the use of a hashing algorithm The basic premise is a sender wishes to send a message to a receiver and wishes for the integrity of their message to be guaranted
- 4. The sender will calculate a hash on the message and include the digest with the message On the other side the receiver will independently calculate the hash on just the message and compute the resulting digest which was sent with the message If they are same then the message must have been the same as when it was originally sent
- 5. • If someone intercepted the message changed it and recalculated the digest before sending it along its way the receiver hash calculation would also match the modification message. preventing the receiver knowing message was modified in transit.
- 6. If the resulting digest matches the one sent with the message then the receiver known two things. The message was definitely not altered in transit The message was definitely sent by someone who had the secret key ideally only the intended sender
- 7. • When using a secret key in conjunction with a message to attain message integrity the resulting digest is known as the message authentication code or mac
- 8. Key management: In cryptography it is a very tedious task to distribute the public and private key between sender and receiver If the key is known to the third party then the whole security mechanism become worthless so there comes the need to secure the exchange of key There are 2 aspects of key management : Distribution of public keys Use of public key encryption to distribution secret
- 9. Public key authority: It is similar to directory but, improve security by tightening control over distribution of keys from directory It requires user to knows public key for the directory The key are need a real time access to directory is made by the user to obtain any desired public key securely.
- 10. x.509 certification: An x.509 certificate is a structured binary record this record consist of several key and value pairs Key represent field name where values may be simple type to more complex structured binary record is done using a standard known as ASN.1