This document summarizes mental disorders that can occur in presenile (ages 45-60) and senile (age 60+) populations. It discusses factors that can contribute to disorders in each age group and classifies common conditions. For preseniles, disorders may develop from life factors and not age directly. Seniles face neuroendocrine changes, functional/structural aging effects, and social isolation. Common presenile disorders include depression, paranoia, and psychosis exacerbated by climacteric. Senile conditions include Alzheimer's, Pick's disease, and dementia. Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes, with sedatives, antidepressants, and lifestyle changes recommended.

1. MENTAL
DISORDERS OF
PRESENILE AND
SENILE AGE
AHAMED SAKIL
7634M2A

2. PRESENILE AND SENILE MENTAL
DISORDERS
◦ In psychiatry, the age of 45-60 years is regarded as presenile, and after 60 senile.
◦ According to Ukrainian and foreign authors, from 10 to 25 % of all the people
older 60-65 suffer from mental disorders with various sever
◦ Over 90 million Indians, or 7.5 percent of the country's population of 1.3
billion, suffer from some form of mental disorder, according to the
World Health Organization (WHO).21-Mar-2020
◦

3. PRESENILE
◦ For presenile person there are a lot of factor to consider to develop a mental
disorder, age is indirectly connected for them.
◦ Mental disorders which are not specific for the presenile age and may develop at
different periods of life. This group includes most nosological forms of a mental
pathology: schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, epilepsy, psychopathies,
oligophreniae, psychogenic diseases, mental disorders caused by somatic diseases,
infections, brain injuries, alcoholism, toxicomaniae and narcomaniae. An old age
of the patient in these cases leaves its imprint on the clinical manifestations and
course of the disease.

4. Senile(age specific factors):-
1. neuroendocrine shifts caused by climacteric; (menopause)
◦ 2. various functional and structural changes in all the systems and organs caused by aging;
◦ 3. accumulation of somatic diseases and age-specific ailments;
◦ 4. a peculiar social-psychological situation in which an aging person finds himself
(discontinuation of his occupational activity, narrowing of social relations, isolation
because of death of his relatives, impossibility to satisfy most of his interests and
requirements, difficulties in self-service);
◦ 5. psychological aging, changes in the character occurring in the process of involution (a
decrease of the emotional background, )

5. Classification of the old age Mental disorder
◦ 1) nonpsychotic mental disorders of involutional genesis
◦ 2) functional psychoses of the old age:
◦ a) involutional depression (melancholia)
◦ b) involutional paranoid
◦ 3) atrophic (degenerative) cerebral diseases:
◦ a) Alzheimer’s disease
◦ b) Pick’s atrophy
◦ c) senile dementia

6. Nonpsychotic mental disorders of
involutional genesis
◦ Climacteric may be considered, pathological climacteric, neuroendocrine shifts are
rougher, the activity of diencephalic formations is affected and accompanied
by a hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.
◦ The climacteric syndrome develops in 20-30 % of women. Isolation and divorce
are its risk factors.
◦ At the same time, a careful husband, a good family, help the woman to survive
the climacteric period without any disturbances in her mind. It manifests itself
by neurosis-like disturbances:=

7. Neurosis-like syndromes: (4 type)
◦ asthenoautonomic syndrome
◦ cenesthopathic-hypochondriacal syndrome
◦ anxious-depressive syndrome.
◦ hysteroform syndrome

8. Asthenoautonomic syndrome
◦ they develop almost in every patient to a various degree.
◦ Signs:-!, The patients complain of psychic ,physical weakness, that they
feel it more difficulty in daily routine and usual duties. This is a so-called
hyposthenic type of asthenia,
◦ of hypersensitivity to various stimuli, loss of initiative, insomnia
◦ Faiguability,reduced work capacity,laziness,weakness
◦ Short temper,anxiety,

9. Cenesthopathic-hypochondriacal syndrome
◦ various unpleasant sensations in the form of paresthesiae, and often
cenesthopathies(the brain grows soft, the muscles come off the
bones, vesicles in the lungs burst, etc)
◦ Such women would often visit polyclinics, take medical advice of
different doctors and sometimes cannot believe that these hardly
tolerable feelings are caused by climacteric .

10. anxious-depressive syndrome
◦ patients complain of a hot and short temper, a lack of restraint, an
unstable mood.
◦ present and future is joyless and hopeless, to them.
◦ The women would often talk about their past youth, wasting away, and
oncoming old age

11. Hysteroform syndrome
◦ Women will have an augmentation of their emotional sensitivity and
lability.
◦ typical are complaints about the feeling of “a lump in the throat”,
reduced skin sensitivity,& “lose the use” of their legs,
◦ being in the centre of attention, egocentrism, increased
autosuggestion, ostentatiousness, theatricality of their behaviour.

12. treatment(Rx):-
◦ General health improving vitamin therapy is administered. Sedatives and
light stimulating phytodrugs are recommended
◦ small doses of tranquillizers (Valium, phenozepam, tazepam, nozepam,
rudotel, trioxazin).
◦ Depressive states are controlled by small doses of antidepressants with a
sedative or balanced action (amitriptyline, pyrazidole, azaphen).
◦ Hormonal drugs should be administered with great caution

13. Functional psychoses of presenile age
◦ Climacteric is a frequent cause of aggravation of a various mental
pathology, and in a number of cases it provokes appearance of endogenous
psychoses (schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis), decompensation
of psychopathy.
◦ presenile depression, 3 main syndromes typical for this form of
presenile psychosis are distinguished:

14. Syndromes of presenile psychosis:-
◦ a,) asthenodepressive syndrome,:-patients feel(a burden for the family and make the life of their
children more complicated. development of delusions of self-condemnation and self-humiliation.
The patients would remember various unpleasant episodes from their life weakness, helplessness,
inability to perform their home and job duties )
◦ B);-syndrome of agitated depression (depression and more frequently develops after psychic
traumas , Later the anxiety is joined by fear , such catastrophe can reach to death of that
indivisual.
◦ C) Presenile paranoid :-the patients begin to bear grudges against their neighbours or relatives
because of a loss of their belongings and foodstuffs. The suspiciousness and mistrustfulness
increase

15. Treatment(Rx):-
◦ antipsychotic therapy ,and we need to treat also other somatic disease
underlying(cva,as,cvd)
◦ In cases of sleep disturbances, it is recommended to prescribe vegetable
sedatives (valerian, tinctures of peony, motherwort, etc.), bromine
preparations, as well as tranquillizers (tazepam, radedorm, reladorm).
◦ treating presenile depression, preference among antidepressants is given to
amitriptyline whose effect is both antidepressant and sedative. (tizercine,
chloracyzine, melipramine, )

16. Senile and presenile dementiae (FTD):-
◦ Pick’s atrophy(frontal temporal dementia:-
◦ it begins gradually at the age of 40-65 years. Particularly often its first
manifestations appear at 55-60. irreversible atrophy
◦ Signs:-
◦ typical is lack of spontaneousness: indifference, passiveness, absence of any inner
drives for. memory disturbances. Expressed abnormalities of the memory appear
late, amnestic disorientation is absent. Hallucinatory-delirious symptoms and
epileptiform seizures develop .aphasis,languge problem,euphoria,lack motivation.

17. Pick’s disease:-
Pick’s body:-ballon cells
are intracytoplasmic spherical inclusions found in Pick disease. They are
composed of tau fibrils (thus Pick disease is a tauopathy) arranged in a
disorderly array 1. Although tau protein is a major component a number of
other protein products are present, including ubiquitin and tubulin.
Rx:-Currently, there is no cure for FTD. Treatments are available to
manage the behavioral symptoms. Disinhibition and compulsive behaviors
can be controlled by selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs).Although Alzheimer's and FTD share certain symptoms,
they cannot be treated with the same pharmacological agents because
the cholinergic systems are not affected in FTD.(Citalopram ,
Fluoxetine (Prozac))

18. THAT WAS IT
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
STAY SAFE