The document summarizes the key findings and principles established by Gregor Mendel through his research on inheritance of traits in pea plants. Some of Mendel's important contributions include establishing that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes), defining dominant and recessive traits, and discovering the principles of segregation and independent assortment. Through experiments such as monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using pea plants, Mendel was able to demonstrate that alleles separate and randomly assort during reproduction, providing the foundation for modern genetics.

1. MENDEL’S LAW

4. Important Terms Alleles – Genetic factors that controls a trait, Dominant = ability to mask the expression of a recessive allele (Capital) Recessive = masked by a dominant allele Homozygous - 2 identical alleles (TT, tt) Heterozygous - 2 different alleles (Tt) Genotype - genes of an organism = alleles received during fertilization. Phenotype = the physical appearance of a trait in an organism . Eg blue eyes, yellow flower

9. Monohybrid cross

10. Punnet square

19. Dihybrid cross

20. 9:3:3:1