Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. A memristor is a two-terminal device that relates magnetic flux and charge, allowing it to remember what has passed through the circuit. Its resistance varies as a function of flux and charge. Memristors could allow for quicker device boot up since information is not lost when turned off, use less energy than current memory devices, and may revolutionize computing and artificial intelligence. Major companies are researching memristors and their potential applications in memory, computing, and more.

1. MEMRISTORS
Presented by,
Sagar Shashank
Roll No.- Gau-C-15/027

2. Table of Contents:
• Introduction
• What is Memristor?
• Analogy of Memristor
• Companies researching
• Why use?
• Future Scope & Research
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

3. Introduction:
• Every person with a basic knowledge of electronics would be familiar with the three
fundamental circuit element ---
Resistor (R)
Capacitor (C)
Inductor (L)
• These three elements are defined by the relation between two of the four fundamental
circuit variables ---- Current, Voltage, Charge and Flux.
• But, In 1971, Professor Leon Chua predicted that there should be a fourth fundamental element ----
Memristor (M)

5. Mathematics behind:

6. What is a Memristor ?
• Memristor is really a MEMory + ResISTOR
• Memristor can be defined as two terminal device which shows the relation between
Magnetic Flux and Charge.
• A Memristor is a semiconductor whose resistance varies as a function of Flux and Charge.
This allows it to remember what has passed to the circuit.
• Characterized by Memristance.
• Symbolically represented as ---

7. Analogy of Memristor:
An analogy for a Memristor is an interesting kind of pipe that expands or shrinks
when water flows through it.
• If water flows through the pipe in
one direction, the diameter of the
pipe increases, thus enabling the
water to flow faster.
• If water flows through the pipe in
the opposite direction, the diameter
of the pipe decreases, thus slowing
down the flow of water.
• If water pressure is turned off, the
pipe will retain its most recent
diameter until the water is turned
back on.

8. Companies researching:
• Unity Semiconductor
• AMD
• Micron Technology
• Samsung
• HP

9. Why use ?
• Would allow for a quicker boot up since information is not lost when the device is
turned off.
• Non-volatile memories
• Use less energy and produce less heat
• Logic/Computing
• Faster to store a bit of data i.e., in less than 100 picoseconds
• Artificial Brain
• Artificial Intelligence etc.

10. Future Scope & Research:
• Recently, researchers have defined two new memdevices namely
memcapacitor and meminductor, thus generalizing the concept
of memory devices to capacitors and inductors.
• The memcapacitor and meminductor are the memdevices in which the
capacitance and inductance respectively depends on the state and history
of the system.

11. Conclusion:
Nanotechnology is fast emerging, and nanoscale devices automatically bring in
memristive functions. Thus, memristors might revolutionize the 21st century as
radically as the transistor in the 20th century. Memristor memories have already
been developed and the researchers at HP believe that they can offer a product
with a storage density of about 20 gigabytes per square centimetre by 2013.
As Prof. Leon Chua rightly said – “ Its time to rewrite all the Electrical & Electronics
books”.

12. Bibliography:
• http://www.memristor.org
• http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2011/apr-jun/memristors.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor

13. THANK YOU