Memristor is a proposed fourth fundamental circuit element. It is a two-terminal passive device whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. In 2008, a team led by HP Labs created the first physical memristor, fulfilling the proposal made by Leon Chua in 1971. Memristors have potential applications as non-volatile memory replacements, and in artificial neural networks due to their ability to mimic synaptic behavior. Their unique properties may enable novel computing architectures in the future.

1. MEMRISTOR
1

2. Contents
 Introduction
 History
 Theory
 An analogy
 Construction
 Working
 Possible applications
 Conclusion
 References
2

3. WHAT IS MEMRISTOR?
 Fourth fundamental circuit element
 Two terminal device
 Passive device
 Its resistance depends on the amount of
charge passed through it
 That’s why it is called “memristor”(memory
resistor)
3

4. The beginning
v
Resistor Capacitor
dv=Rdi dq=Cdv
q
i
Inductor Memristor
dΦ =Ldi 2008Chua proposed the existence of memristor in 1971 first
Leon a team leaddΦ Stanley Williams created the
In by =Mdq
memristor
φ
4

5. Theory
Or
Or
5

6. An analogy
Memristor Pipe
Charge Water
Conductance Cross sectional area
Potential Pressure
When water flows When water flows in
in one direction opposite direction
the diameter the diameter
increases decreases (resistance
(resistance increases)
decreases)
6

7. Construction of TiO2 memristor
Pt TiO2-x TiO2
Equivalent circuit
7

8. Working
Tio2-x Ron
Roff
Tio2
8

9. Applications
As a switch
As a non volatile memory
Can perform logic operations
In artificial neural networks
9

10. As a switch
Off state (high resistance) On state (low resistance)
0 1
10

11. As a memory unit
1 cm3 memristor = 1 terabit
11

12. Logical operations
• Naturally suited for performing implication
operation
12

13. In artificial neural networks
Memristive systems
Synapse=memristor
The Hodgkin-Huxley circuit model of a neuron axon membrane.
13

14. How is it going to change the future?
POSSIBLE INVENTIONS UTILIZING MEMRISTORS TIME
•memory for cameras, cell phones, iPods, iPads, etc. 1 to 5 years
•universal memory replacing hard drives, RAM, flash, etc. in all computer devices 5 to 10 years
•complex self learning neural networks and hybrid transistor/memristor circuits 5 to 15 years
•memristic logic circuits on par with CPUs and other transistor circuits 15 to 20 years
•advanced artificial thinking brains 20 to 30 years?
•artificial conscious brains ?
•memory and brains capable of living millions of years ?
•artificial conscious beings capable of interstellar travel ?
14

15. Conclusion
 Memristor will change circuit design in the
21st century as radically as the transistor
changed it in the 20th.
15

16. References
 How We Found the Missing Memristor by Stanley Williams, IEEE
Spectrum December 2008.
 L.O, Chua, Memristor-missing circuit clement, IEEE Tans . Circuit
Theory, Vol. 18, 1971, pp. 507-519.
 Memristor and Memristive Systems Symposium, University of California,
Berkeley, November 21,2008.
 Stateful Implication Logic with Memristors by Eero Lehtonen, Mika Laiho
2009 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures
16

17. THANK YOU
17

18. MEMRISTOR
18