3. Normal Ventricle septumNormal Ventricle septum
formationformation
End of 4th
week, two primitive ventricles
begin to expand, accomplished by
continuous growth of myocardium
outside and cont.diverticulation and
trabecula formation on the inside
Medial wall merges muscular
interventricular septum
Inferior endocardial cushion closes the
foreman membranous part of
interventricular septum
4. Semilunar Valves(SLV)Semilunar Valves(SLV)
Partitioning of truncus almost complete,
primordia of SLV become visible as small
tubercles on main truncus swellings.
One of each pair for pulmonary and
aortic channel
Third tubercles appears opposite to the
fused truncus swellings
Tubercles hollow out forming SLV
5.
6. Ventricle septum defects(VSD)Ventricle septum defects(VSD)
Involve membranous(more serious) or
muscular part of septum
VSD: Most common congenital cardiac
malformation 12/10,000 births
7.
8. Tertralogy of FallotTertralogy of Fallot
Unequal division of conus , resulting from
anterior displacement of conotruncal
septumcardiovascular alteration
Narrow right ventricular outflow region
(pulmonary infundibular stenosis)
Large defect of interventricular septum
An overriding aorta
Hyperthropy of right ventricular wall
Not fatal, only 9.6/10,000 births
9.
10. Persistent truncus arteriosusPersistent truncus arteriosus
Conotruncal ridges fail to fuse and
descend towards ventricles
0.8/10,000 births
Pulmonary artery arises some distance
above origin of undivided truncus
Accompanied by defective
interventricular septum
Overrides both ventricles and receive
blood from both side
11.
12. Transposition of great vesselTransposition of great vessel
Conotruncal septum fail to follow
normal spiral course and run straight
down
Aorta originates from RV
Pulmonary artery originates from LV
4.8/10,000 births
Associated with membranous part
interventricular septum and open ductus
arterious
13.
14. DIGEORGE SEQUENCEDIGEORGE SEQUENCE
Characterized by a pattern of
malformations that originates in abnormal
neural crest development
facial defects
thymic hypoplasia
parathyroid dysfunction
cardiac abnormalities involving the outflow
tract
15. Valvular stenosisValvular stenosis
SLV fused ( 3-4/10,000 births)
Valvular Stenosis of Pulmonary Artery
pulmonary artery patent oval foramen only outlet
for blood from right ventricle
Ductus arterious only access route to pulmonary
circulation
16.
17. Aortic Valvular Stenosis
Fusion of thickened valves left only a pinhole opening
Normal size of Aorta
• Aortic Valvular Atresia
aorta, LV , LA underdeveloped
open ductus arteriosus
18.
19. ConclusionConclusion
Tetralogy of Fallot unequal division of
conus
Persistent truncus
arteriosusconotruncal ridges failure to
fuse and descend
Transposition of Great
Vesselsconnotruncal septum fail to
follow spiral course
Valvular Stenosis fused SLV