Melanoma: how to detect skin cancer
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Simple and fast way to detect skin cancer, melanoma. What is cancer? Types of skin cancer, the ABCDE rule, treatment, preventing. by Daniel Lopes
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Melanoma is the sixth most common cancer in the US, with 68,000 new cases diagnosed each year and 8,700 annual deaths. Risk factors include fair skin, light eyes, family history, and sun exposure. Melanoma has been recognized as a disease since 1806 and stages range from Stage 0 precancerous lesions to Stage IV metastatic cancer. Treatment options depend on the stage and may include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, and experimental therapies.
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1. Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that can arise in the skin or other parts of the body.
2. Risk factors for melanoma include excessive exposure to UV radiation, fair skin, and family history.
3. There are several types of melanoma including superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous melanoma.
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Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal or "ugly looking."
Thinking of "ABCD" can help you remember what to watch for:
Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other
Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular
Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan
Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase
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This document discusses melanoma, the most fatal form of skin cancer. It covers the incidence and risk factors of melanoma including genetics, sun exposure, and skin phenotype. The clinical features and subtypes of melanoma like superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous melanoma are described. Diagnosis involves methods like the ABCDE rule and biopsy for suspicious lesions. Staging uses the TNM system and prognostic factors include tumor thickness and mitotic rate. Management involves wide local excision of primary tumors and sentinel lymph node biopsy for involved nodes. Long term surveillance after treatment monitors for recurrence.
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Malignant melanoma begins in melanocytes in the epidermis and is becoming more common, rising 3% per year. It accounts for about 2-4% of skin cancers. Risk factors include sun exposure and fair skin. Early stage melanoma is treated with wide local excision, while more advanced cases may also require sentinel node biopsy. Treatment of metastatic melanoma has advanced significantly with targeted therapies blocking oncogenic pathways like BRAF and immunotherapies disrupting checkpoints like CTLA-4. Long term survival depends on factors like depth of invasion and ulceration.
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Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, which are skin cells that produce melanin. It is caused by exposure to UV radiation from the sun in most cases. There are several stages of melanoma based on how deep it has penetrated the skin and whether it has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. Early stage melanoma can usually be cured with surgery, while later stages may require additional treatments like chemotherapy. Prevention through sun protection and skin self-examinations is important to detect melanoma early.
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- Diagnosis involves examining lesions for characteristics like asymmetry, irregular borders, varied color, and size over 6mm. Biopsies are used to confirm.
- Staging uses the TNM system and considers tumor thickness, ulceration, and lymph node/distant organ involvement. Prognosis depends on stage - thicker tumors over 2mm
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This document provides information about skin cancer, including facts, risk factors, types of skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma), signs of melanoma, and ways to protect skin from UV radiation and prevent skin cancer. It discusses that skin cancer is the most common cancer, caused by UV radiation exposure, and outlines strategies like wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and limiting midday sun exposure to reduce skin cancer risk.
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This document provides information about melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer. It defines melanoma as cancer of the melanocytes, which are cells that produce skin pigment. Risk factors include family history, many moles, sunburn, and fair skin. Signs include changes in existing moles or new abnormal growths. The stages are described from earliest (stage 0) to latest (stage IV), with treatment options at each stage. Prevention focuses on sun protection and avoiding sun exposure when UV rays are strongest.
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Melanoma is the sixth most common cancer in the US, with 68,000 new cases diagnosed each year and 8,700 annual deaths. Risk factors include fair skin, light eyes, family history, and sun exposure. Melanoma has been recognized as a disease since 1806 and stages range from Stage 0 precancerous lesions to Stage IV metastatic cancer. Treatment options depend on the stage and may include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, and experimental therapies.
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1. Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that can arise in the skin or other parts of the body.
2. Risk factors for melanoma include excessive exposure to UV radiation, fair skin, and family history.
3. There are several types of melanoma including superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous melanoma.
4. Prevention strategies include avoiding sun exposure, wearing protective clothing, and eating a diet high in antioxidants. Medical treatment options include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and biologic therapy.
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Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal or "ugly looking."
Thinking of "ABCD" can help you remember what to watch for:
Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other
Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular
Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan
Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase
Melanoma can be cured if it is diagnosed and treated early. If melanoma is not removed in its early stages, cancer cells may grow downward from the skin surface and invade healthy tissue. If it spreads to other parts of the body it can be difficult to control.
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Malignant melanoma incidence has been increasing 6% per year, making it one of the fastest growing cancers. Early diagnosis through thorough examination and surgical removal of the tumor are the most important treatment methods. Survival rates have increased from 50% in 1960 to 80% in 1990 due to earlier detection and treatment. Risk factors include fair skin, sun exposure, and genetic conditions.
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Further Reading:
http://lifehacker.com/productivity-101-a-primer-to-the-getting-things-done-1551880955
http://www.bulletjournal.com/
http://striketh.ru
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Pry is a powerful alternative to the standard IRB shell for Ruby that provides features like syntax highlighting, plugin support, and runtime invocation. It allows debugging Ruby code through its interactive read-eval-print loop (REPL) and magic commands. These magic commands include ls to list methods, show-source to view method source code, show-doc to view documentation, breakpoints, and more. Pry can help with test-driven development by allowing quick testing and fixing of code.
Malignant melanoma
Melanoma precursors include dysplastic nevi and congenital nevi. Dysplastic nevi are acquired lesions with atypical melanocytes that may develop into melanoma. Congenital nevi present at birth and range in size from small to giant lesions. There are four main types of cutaneous melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, and acral lentiginous melanoma. They differ in their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and prognosis. Early detection and excision of melanoma precursors and lesions improves patient outcomes.
Medical Mnemonics: Melanoma - ABCDEFG
Melanoma can be identified using the mnemonic "ABCDE" where A represents asymmetry, B represents irregular borders, C represents varied color, D represents a diameter greater than 6mm, and E represents changes over time. An additional mnemonic "EFG" identifies features of melanoma where E represents an elevated lesion, F represents a firm texture, and G represents growth over time. Nodular melanoma has additional characteristics of being elevated growths.
Fwd: Skin Cancer (Cormac Joyce)
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/25
Subject: Skin Cancer (Cormac Joyce)
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
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Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
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Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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Melanoma: how to detect skin cancer
- 1. Melanoma Daniel Lopes, B.Eng 007 - December/2015 How to detect skin cancer
- 2. Agenda - What is cancer? - Types of skin cancer - The ABCDE rule - Treatment - Preventing 2
- 3. What is cancer? Cancer is the name given to a range of more than 100 diseases that have in common the growth other body regions. Cancer is the malignant tumor, otherwise is benign tumor. - known in medical fields as neoplasm. 3http://www.le-cancer.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/%C3%A9tapes-cancer.jpg
- 4. Types of skin cancer 4 The skin cancer can be: Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma. Melanoma
- 5. Melanoma 5 All they are melanoma, has 5% of cases with 5% of survive chance. It’s the worst skin cancer, high metastic.
- 6. The ABCDE rule 6 http://mirrorspectrum.com/life/have-you-heard-about-the-abcde-rules-that-can-save-your-life# Created by Stolz in 1994 to facilite the melanoma detection
- 7. All has to be with surgery with post treatment to control metastasis. Radiotherapy: It is a form of systemic cancer treatment that uses drugs called "chemotherapy" (or antineoplastic) administered at regular intervals, which vary with the treatment regimens. Chemotherapy:Radiation therapy is local or regional treatment method of cancer using different site equipment and techniques to irradiate areas of the human body, prior and carefully marked. Treatment 7
- 8. Preventing 1) Examine your body front and back in mirror, then right and left of the body, with arms raised, including the armpits. 2) Bend your elbows and look carefully at your forearms, arms and hands, front and back. 3) Look behind your legs and feet, the spaces in the toes and soles. 4) Examine back of the neck and scalp with a hand mirror, separating the hair with a comb. 5) Check the bottom of the buttocks and genital regions with hand mirror. 8
- 9. Questions? 9
- 10. Thanks! Daniel Lopes Computer Engineer @dannyeuu daniel@bankfacil.com.br about.me/dannyeuu http://www.cetea.com.br/melanoma We are hiring bankfacil.com.br/dev 10