2. Introduction
Melanoma is a very serious from of skin cancer.
Melanoma is cancer of the melanocytes.
Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale
and produce melanin.
When skin is exposed to sunlight melanocytes
produce more pigment, causing the skin to tan.
Sometimes, clustera of melanocytes form
noncancerous growths called moles.
3. Introduction
malignant melanoma can spread through both the
bloodstream and lymphatic system and can metastasize
to the bones, liver, lungs, CNS and lymph nodes.
A malignant melanoma is a malignant neoplasm in which
atypical melanocytes are present in both the epidermis
and the dermis.
It is the most lethal of all skin cancers. It can occur in
one of several forms.
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from
the cells in the skin responsible for pigmentation
(colour), known as melanocytes.
4. Definition
According to “Ross and Wilson”
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from the
cell in the skin responsible for pigmentation,Known as
melanocytes. Melanoma can occur in adults of children in
rare case present in at birth.
According to “Dr.Imtiyaz Wani”
Melanoma is a most dangerous or serious type of skin
cancer, develops in the cells (Melanocytes) that poroduce
melanin the pigment that gives your skin its colour.
Mealnoma can also form in your eyes and rarely in internal
organs such as your intestines.
5. INCIDENCE
Although melanoma accounts for only about 5% of all skin
cancer cases, it causes most skin cancer related deaths.
The incidence is rising by 3%.
About 96,480 new melanomas will be diagnosed
(about 57,220 in men and 39,260 in women).
About 7,230 people are expected to die of
melanoma (about 4,740 men and 2,490 women).
The rates of melanoma have been rising for the
last 30 years.
7. 1.Superfecial Spreading Melanoma
The cells tend to grow slowly at
first, before spreading across the
surface of the skin.
Superficial spreading
melanoma is a type of skin
cancer that slowly grows
horizontally across the top layer
of skin before moving to the
deeper layers. It's the most
common form of melanoma,
accounting for 70 percent of all
cases
8. 2.Nodular Melanoma
Nodular melanoma is a type
of skin cancer. It's a
dangerous form
of melanoma that grows
quickly. Only about 15% of
all melanomas are nodular.
But it causes nearly half
of melanoma-related deaths.
So you need to know the sign.
It tends to grow more quickly
than other types, turning
red—rather than black—as it
grows.
9. 3.Lentigo Malignant Melanoma
This is less common, and tends to affect older
people, especially in parts of the body that
have been exposed to the sun over several
years.
Lentigo maligna melanoma is
a melanoma that has evolved from a lentigo
maligna. They are usually found on
chronically sun damaged skin such as the face
and the forearms of the elderly. The
nomenclature is very confusing to both patients
and physicians alike.
10. 4.Acral Lentiginous Malignant
This is the rarest kind of melanoma. It usually
appears on the palms of the hands, soles of the
feet, or under the nails.
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a
specific type of melanoma that appears on the
palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, or
under the nails. Melanocytes contain your skin
color (known as melanin or pigment). In this
type of melanoma, the word “acral” refers to
the occurrence of themelanoma on the palms
or soles.
12. 1.Sun Exposure
Ultraviolet (UV) rays
are an invisible form
of radiation. They can
pass through your skin
and damage your skin
cells. Sunburns are a
sign of skin damage
14. 3.Excessive Ultraviolet light exposure
Exposure to UV
radiation, which
comes from the sun
and from tanning
lights and beds, can
increase the risk of
skin cancer, including
melanoma.
15. 4.Weakened Immune System
People with
weakened immune
systems, such as
those who've
undergone organ
transplants, have an
increased risk of
skin cancer.
16. 5.Fair Skin
Having less pigment (melanin) in your
skin means you have less protection
from damaging UV radiation. If you
have blond or red hair, light-colored
eyes, and freckle or sunburn easily,
you're more likely to develop melanoma
than is someone with a darker
complexion. But melanoma can develop
in people with darker complexions,
including Hispanics and blacks.
26. Stage - 0
In Stage 0 melanoma,
the malignant tumor is still confined
to the upper layers of the skin. This
meansouter that the cancer cells are
only in the layer of the skin and have not
grown any deeper. The term for this is in
situ, which means “in place” in Latin.
There is no evidence the cancer has
spread to the lymph nodes or distant
sites (metastasis).
27. Stag - 1
Stage I melanoma is
defined as a melanoma
that is up to 2mm
thick. A Stage I
melanoma may or may
not have ulceration. There
is no evidence the cancer
has spread to lymph
nodes or distant sites
(metastasis).
28. Stag - 2
Stage II melanoma is
defined by
tumor thickness, and
ulceration. There is
no evidence the cancer
has spread to the
lymph nodes or distant
sites (metastasis).
29. Stag - 3
Stage III melanoma is
defined by the level of
lymph node
involvement and
ulceration. In Stage III
melanoma, the depth of
the melanoma no longer
matters. There is no
evidence the cancer has
spread to distant sites
(metastasis)
30. Stag - 4
Stage IV melanoma occurs
when the melanoma has
spread beyond the original
site and regional lymph
nodes to more distant areas of
the body. The level of LDH
(serum lactate dehydrogenase)
may or may not be elevated.
The most common sites of
metastasis are to vital organs
(lungs, abdominal organs,
brain, and bone) and soft
tissues (skin, subcutaneous
tissues) and distant lymph
nodes (lymph nodes beyond the
primary tumor region).
34. Medical Management
Chemotherapy is an aggressive form of
chemical drug therapy meant to destroy
rapidly growing cells in the body. It’s
usually used to treat cancer, as cancer
cells grow and divide faster than other
cells. A doctor who specializes in cancer
treatment is known as an oncologist.
They’ll work with you to come up with
your treatment plan.
35. 2.Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy (also
called radiotherapy) is a
cancer treatment that uses
high doses of radiation to
kill cancer cells and shrink
tumors. At low doses,
radiation is used in x-rays
to see inside your body, as
with x-rays of your teeth
or broken bones.
36. 3. Biological Therapy
Biological therapy boost
immune system to help
body fight cancer. These
therapy is improve the
body immune system and
fight the against of cancer.
These therapy is used to
treatment of Malignant
melanoma.
37. Surgical Management
Wide Excision :- Excision simply means “to
cut out.” Surgical excision can be used to
treat melanoma and non-melanoma skin
cancer. Excision is also called “wide
excision.” This is because the tumor is cut
out together with some of the healthy skin
around it. The healthy skin is called a margin.
The reason for taking a margin is to remove
any cancer cells that have spread into the
surrounding tissue.
38. Surgical Management
Mohs Surgery Mohs surgery is a precise surgical
technique used to treat skin cancer. During Mohs
surgery, thin layers of cancer-containing skin are
progressively removed and examined until only
cancer-free tissue remains. Mohs surgery is also
known as Mohs micrographic surgery.
The goal of Mohs surgery is to remove as much of
the skin cancer as possible, while doing minimal
damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Mohs surgery
is usually done on an outpatient basis using a local
anesthetic.
39. Nursing Management
Avoiding excessive exposure to ultraviolet
radiation can reduce the risk of skin cancer.
Avoiding sunburn
Wearing clothes that protect against the sun
Using sun screen with a sun protection.
Protecting children by keeping them in the shade
with clothing and by applying sun screen.
To maintain body ability.
