This document provides an overview of meiosis, the process of cell division that results in gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as ordinary body cells. It discusses key figures like Gregor Mendel and their contributions to understanding genetics and inheritance. The stages of meiosis are outlined, including prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, and then prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. The end result is four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
Mitosis and meosis are two common phenomenons, one can get plenty information about these two but its significance is very rarely provided on social networks. Here is its significance, have a look.
Mitosis and meosis are two common phenomenons, one can get plenty information about these two but its significance is very rarely provided on social networks. Here is its significance, have a look.
-Cell Division Process In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
-Compacting DNA into Chromosomes
-Types of Cell Reproduction
-Phases of the Cell Cycle
-Mitosis
-Meiosis
-Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis
-Comparison of Divisions
-Cell Division Process In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
-Compacting DNA into Chromosomes
-Types of Cell Reproduction
-Phases of the Cell Cycle
-Mitosis
-Meiosis
-Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis
-Comparison of Divisions
Meiosis is a double division which occurs in the diploid cells and give rise to four haploid cells ,each having half the number of chromosomes as compared to the parent cell.
Meiosis is the process in which a single cell divides twice to form four haploid daughter cells.
These cells are the gametes – sperms in males and egg in females.
For more details, visit @biOlOgy BINGE-insight learning
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2. Mendel: Forgotten?
Gregor Mendel published his findings on
genetics in 1865 but his work didn’t get much
attention
In the early 1900’s scientists did experiments
similar to what Mendel had done
They searched for papers detailing results
similar to theirs and realized that their
discoveries were not new.
Genes were still a mystery though. Scientists
didn’t know where they were located or how
they passed information from once cell to
3. One Makes Two
Asexual reproduction: only one parent cell is
needed for reproduction
Parent cell goes through mitosis and divides
into two daughter cells
Most single-celled organisms reproduce in this
way as do most of the cells in your body
4. Two Make One
Sexual reproduction: two parent cells join
together to form a new individual
Parent cells are known as sex cells, different
from ordinary body cells
Human body cells have 46 chromosomes or
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
5. Human sex cells have only 23 chromosomes
Male sex cells are called sperm
Female sex cells are called eggs, or ova
Each sperm and each egg has only one of the
chromosomes from each homologous pair
6. Less is More
When an egg and sperm join to form a new
individual, each parent donates ½ of a
homologous pair of chromosomes
This ensures the offspring will have a normal
number of chromosomes in each body cell
7. Meiosis to the Rescue
Sex cells are made during meiosis
Meiosis produces new cells with half the usual
number of chromosomes
When sex cells are made, the chromosomes
are copied once, and then the nucleus divides
twice.
Resulting sperm and eggs have ½ the number
8. Back at the Lab
Walter Sutton read Mendel’s studies which
showed that the egg and sperm must
contribute the same amount of genetic
information to the offspring
Using some of his own observations, he came
up with the idea that:
Genes are located on chromosomes
10. Meiosis: First Time Through
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I: Chromosomes separate from their
homologous partners and move to opposite
sides of cell
Telophase/Cytokinesis I: Two cells are
formed, each with the same amount of
chromosomes as the parent cell
12. Meiosis: Going Again
Prophase II: Nuclear membranes dissolve
again, meiotic spindle fibers form
Metaphase II: Spindle fibers attach and line
paired chromatids up at equator
Anaphase II: Chromatids pull apart and move
to opposite poles
Telophase/Cytokinesis II: Four new cells have
formed from original cell, each with half the
number of chromosomes present
13. Differences Between Mitosis and
Meiosis
Mitosis Meiosis
One cell divisision Two cell
divisions
Two daughter cells Four daughter
cells
Daughter cells have Daughter cells have
same number of half the number of
chromosomes as parent chromosomes as parent
cells cells
14.
15. Male or Female?
Sex chromosomes carry genes that determine
whether the offspring is male or female.
In humans, females have two X chromosomes
while males have one X chromosome and one
Y chromosome.
Each egg cell produced by a female contains
one X chromosome. A sperm cell produced by
a male can contain either an X or Y
chromosome.
19. Think/Pair/Share
Explain the difference between sex cells and
sex chromosomes.
If there are 14 chromosomes in pea plant
cells, how many chromosomes are present in
a sex cell of a pea?
How many times do the chromosomes make
copies of themselves during meiosis? How
many times do cells divide during meiosis?
