The document discusses the development of a curriculum framework for schools in Kerala, India. It outlines the history and influences on curriculum reform in Kerala, from national frameworks like the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) of 1975, 1986, 2005 to state-level efforts. The current Kerala curriculum framework of 2013 is based on constructivism where learning is an active process of constructing knowledge. It aims to develop skills like logical thinking, understanding the world, and participating in the economic process, while promoting values of humanism, citizenship, and social commitment.
curriculum : meaning and concept, principles of curriculum, curriculum construction and curriculum organisation, bases of curriculum, types of curriculum, method of organisation of curriculum ppt
curriculum : meaning and concept, principles of curriculum, curriculum construction and curriculum organisation, bases of curriculum, types of curriculum, method of organisation of curriculum ppt
1. It explains about how to organise team teaching in side the school with cooperation of other teachers.
2. It enhance the teachers with commitment, comprehensive, creative, concern towards the students
Ict in education use of ict in learning physical sciencesMohit Parte
What is ICT?
ICT in education
ICT integration in Science
ICT in learning physical sciences
Tool applications used in teaching science
Using and selecting appropriate media
ICT for inclusive education
Skills to be developed in students
Effective use of ICT
Conclusion
References
"Lecture cum demonstration Method" is one of the Teacher centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
1. It explains about how to organise team teaching in side the school with cooperation of other teachers.
2. It enhance the teachers with commitment, comprehensive, creative, concern towards the students
Ict in education use of ict in learning physical sciencesMohit Parte
What is ICT?
ICT in education
ICT integration in Science
ICT in learning physical sciences
Tool applications used in teaching science
Using and selecting appropriate media
ICT for inclusive education
Skills to be developed in students
Effective use of ICT
Conclusion
References
"Lecture cum demonstration Method" is one of the Teacher centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
Maulana abul kalam azad thiyagu 11.11.2016Thiyagu K
National Education Day is celebrating every year 11th November to commemorate the Birth Anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. He a great freedom fighter, eminent educationist and the first Education Minister of India. I am so happy to prepared this powerpoint and sharing it to you all.
Dr. Isaac's findings, stated to be based on a scrutiny of the related documents including the investigation reports filed by the probe agency before a CBI court, are being brought out in a book titled Iniyenth Lavalin? (What more to be said of Lavalin?) or, conversely, Lavalin Iniyenth? (What next in Lavalin?). His contention is that going by the evidence collected by the CBI, G. Karthikeyan, currently Speaker of the Kerala Assembly and State Electricity Minister when the deal between the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) and the Canada-based SNC-Lavalin for renovation of the Pallivasal, Sengulam and Panniar hydroelectric projects was initiated, deserved more to be an accused in the case than Communist Party of India (Marxist) State secretary Pinarayi Vijayan, who is currently the seventh accused.
Naac presentation education department - central university of keralaThiyagu K
This power-point was prepared for the purpose of NAAC Peer team visit to our Department of Education, Central University of Kerala on 25th October 2016. It is my pleasure to share our department profile power-point in this social platform...
It is a tutorial for report writing or thesis writing. This tutorial consists of the font style, pagination format, table format, figure format, reference and bibliography format for academic writing.
PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS: BULLETIN BOARD AND SMART ...Thiyagu K
Though Mathematics being so important subject and occupying a central position since the Ancient period still it has not been the interest of many students. The gaps are found between aspiration and achievement. Mathematics is highly abstract. It is concerned with ideas rather than objects; with the manipulation of symbols rather than the manipulation of object. It is a closely-knit structure in which ideas are interrelated. Mathematical concepts are hierarchical and interconnected, much like a house of cards. Unless lower-level concepts are mastered, higher-level concepts cannot be understood. Students, who discover some of the structures of mathematics, are often impressed by its beauty. They note the lack of contradiction, and they see how a new technique can be derived from one that has already been learned.
The teaching and learning of mathematics is a complex activity and many factors determine the success of this activity. The nature and quality of instructional material, the presentation of content, the pedagogic skills of the teacher, the learning environment, the motivation of the students are all important and must be kept in view in any effort to ensure quality in teaching-learning of mathematics. In this paper explores the innovations and innovative practices in teaching mathematics, under teaching methods, strategies and pedagogic resources. This paper also deals about the bulletin board and smart board uses in teaching and learning mathematics.
This chapter focuses on theoretical related to the topic of researcher.The first is about the nature of curriculum, the second is about the devepment of curriculum in Indonesia, the third is about perception, the last is about previous research.
Education aims the behavior modification of learners. Behavior modification is achieved through a series of activities curriculum is concerned with guiding the teachers and students in the educative process. Therefore curriculum for the preparation of a teacher, nurse and student who can carry out these professional functions humanely and competently must be developed.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. INTRODUCTION
Education is considered as a powerful tool for liberation. It
equips a society to encounter all kinds of suppression. It also
enables liberation from one’s personal lethargy and
prohibitions imposed by traditions and superstitions. We
should ensure an educational system which enlightens our
vision. With these broad objectives in view, an action plan for
strengthening the school curriculum in Kerala has been
undertaken. School curriculum has to be designed and
developed in the light of past experiences, the general world
and visions for the future.
As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race
course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences
through which children grow to become mature adults. A
curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general
syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be
understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade
or standard. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of
courses and their content offered at a school or university.
A curriculum framework is an organized plan or set of
standards or learning outcomes that defines the content to
be learned in terms of clear, definable standards of what
the student should know and be able to do.
3. Content
The new curriculum envisions the aim and methodology of
learning as construction of knowledge. Learning, according to
the constructivist paradigm is a process of constructing
knowledge. Every experience of life is the cause of developing a
new idea. The ideas acquired in this manner are added to
previously acquired/shaped ideas. This means that the child
constructs knowledge by interacting with his/her environment
continuously. This is a natural and continuous process. Thus:
●learning is construction of knowledge.
●learning involves problem solving.
●learning is the product of a natural process.
The curriculum should also enable students to:
● Think logically
●Understand the world
●Promote aesthetic sense
● Maintain communicative efficiency
● Develop the ability to work and take part in the economic
process
4. Kerala’s effort to develop a curriculum framework is a
turning point in the history of the state. It is for the first time
that the state is making such an exercise and it is rooted
on the ideas articulated in the National Curriculum
Framework (NCF) -2005. Whenever curriculum reforms
were taken up at the national level, the state responded to
them in the past. After the formation of NCERT in 1961,
Kerala has been following all the curriculum reform efforts
initiated at the national level. For instance, the state
initiated the process for reforming its curriculum following
the National Curriculum Framework -1975.The state also
took steps to implement NPE- 1986 and the Programme of
Action (1992). It was in 1997, that an effort for the
formulation of a comprehensive curriculum focusing on the
process of teaching and learning was attempted in Kerala.
Rooted in the emerging methodology and strategies, an
integrated method of learning, a process- oriented-activity-
based approach, viewing learner as a constructor of
knowledge, recognizing the role of society in knowledge
construction and the idea of continuous and
comprehensive evaluation came into effect. However, the
state’s curriculum reform effort gained further impetus with
the formulation of the National Curriculum Framework
(NCF) -2005. Kerala could display the active working
model of a learning process that has its foundation in the
principles of Constructivism and a learner-centered,
activity-based and process-oriented pedagogy. Based on
the National Curriculum Framework 2005, efforts to revise
the Kerala School Curriculum began in August; 2006.The
National Curriculum Framework 2005 sowed the
5. seeds for many reforms in the field of education in
India. Subsequently, NCERT prepared textbooks for
various subjects based on NCF 2005. Later the,
Kerala Curriculum Framework 2007 was formed and
the curriculum up to high school level was revised.
The Right to Education Act of 2009, Prof.
P.O.J.Labba Committee Report related to Higher
Secondary Education and Dr. P.K.Abdul Aziz
Committee Report related to a comprehensive
curriculum revision - all pointed towards the
necessity of curriculum reform. The beginning of
Higher Secondary Sector was a distinctive stage in
the history of education in Kerala. Higher Secondary
education became widespread and popular with the
delinking of Pre-degree course from the Department
of Higher Education and making it apart of the
General Education Department. The Directorate of
Higher Secondary Education was formed in 1990 in
Kerala and the higher secondary course was started
by upgrading 31 Government High Schools. Initially,
textbooks as per the Pre-degree syllabus of Calicut
University and some of the NCERT textbooks were
used for Higher Secondary Education. In the 1990s,
a new curriculum with comprehensive changes in
learning and pedagogy was introduced at the
primary level. Based on this activity-based, process-
oriented and learner-centred curriculum, Continuous
and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) and
6. grading system was implemented. The idea of
constructivism put forth by NCF 2005 is the basis for
the Kerala School Curriculum2013 too. In
constructivism, learning is the process of the
construction of knowledge. Subsequently, this
method was introduced at the Higher Secondary
level too. However, a comprehensive revision of
curriculum had not been implemented at the higher
secondary level, though textbooks for certain
subjects, Sourcebooks and Edumates for all
subjects were prepared by SCERT. To ensure
quality education at the Higher Secondary level, the
Government continues to implement several
Comprehensive Teacher Transformation
Programmes. Subject-based teacher clusters
help to discuss the problems experienced in the
teaching-learning process and to plan learning
activities. The first phase of the revision process is
culminated by the publication of the Kerala Curriculum
Framework 2007. It has been made a reality through the
process detailed below:
• The plan of action for curriculum revision was prepared
and was subject to the Consideration of the NCERT and
the Kerala State Government.
• The Malayalam version of National Curriculum
Framework 2005 was printed and distributed .
• A two-day workshop comprising curriculum
committee members, experts in the field of education,
representatives of the state advisory committee for
7. education and SCERT faculty was conducted to form the
plan of action .subject areas were fixed and 14 subject
groups were formed. A 30-member core group and 14
focus groups with 230 members were proposed to be
formed.
• The first meeting of the core group that was formed
by the Kerala Government was held at SCERT. A
combined workshop for all the 14 focus groups was
planned. The curriculum revision process was sanctioned.
• A three-day workshop was conducted, including the
focus group members and the core group members. Dr.
M. A. Khadar, the head of the curriculum group of the
NCERT, Dr. Anita Rampal, from the curriculum division of
Delhi University and Dr. Manjula Rao from the evaluation
department of the Regional Institute of Education attended
the workshop.
• A three-day workshop was organized to form a general
approach for curriculum revision.
• A three-day seminar was organized for a detailed study
of the problems in different fields.
• A meeting of DIET principals was held to unify the district
level activities.
• A web portal titled www.kerala.gov.in was formed to
facilitate interaction with the public.
• An interim evaluation of the activities of the focus groups
was conducted.
• The position papers were brought for discussion in a
three-day workshop attended by curriculum committee
members and the members of the core group.
• Based on the suggestions in the position papers, the
Kerala Curriculum Framework was formed.
8. • This Framework was presented for discussion and
approval before the Kerala society. As a part of this, the
main suggestions therein were presented at the district,
panchayat, municipality and school levels. The
suggestions made in these discussions have been
consolidated at the district and state levels. On the basis
of these suggestions as well the curriculum framework
was prepared. Thus the curriculum revision programme in
Kerala was launched as part of an endeavor to strengthen
the Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary school
education in Kerala.
Many National study reports as well as approaches,
from the Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission Report
(constituted soon after the Independence), to the
National Curriculum Framework 2005, have
influenced the school curriculum revision of our
state. The Secondary Education Commission
headed by Dr.Lakshmanaswami Muthaliar
explicated the importance of secondary education.
The report entitled 'Education and National
Development' submitted by the Commission led by
Dr.D.S.Kothari brought under study, various stages
of education from the primary level to the higher
education level. The 10+2+3 pattern was first
proposed by this Commission. The National Policy
on Education, 1986 approved this pattern. It was on
the basis of this pattern that higher secondary
education came into existence in Kerala. The
1990sthus saw a shift from the teacher centred
9. curriculum to learner centred as well as activity-
based curriculum.
As per the rules of the RTE Act, the idea of learning
outcomes was introduced in the Kerala School
Curriculum 2013.A learning process based on
constructivism is the foundation of the curriculum.
Areas such as awareness of humanitarian and
constitutional values, attitudes that strengthen social
life and growing social commitment are the prime
concerns of the curriculum. Some of the aims of the
curriculum:
● is to present perspectives on consistent
development and create a comprehensive
awareness about environment,
● is to establish a democratic approach through
democratic platforms.
●The curriculum must be-activity oriented.
● Respectful attitude to one's cultural heritage and
history is one of the aims envisioned by the
curriculum.
●the values and objectives that are upheld by our
Constitution have to be reflected in the curriculum
and all the activities must develop self-confidence,
work experience and self-sufficiency in the learner.
10. ● Learning outcomes are the aims to be achieved by
the learner during the various stages of school
education. Precise and accurate statements based
on the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values etc. to be
acquired by a learner in a particular subject-area are
called Learning outcomes.
Kerala School Curriculum (2013) - Chief
characteristicsof the curriculum
It is learner-centred, process-oriented, activity-
based and value oriented.
It gives stress to the learning outcomes that a
learner imbibes at the cognitive, social and
emotional levels.
It lays stress on the skills to be attained by the
learner in values and attitude.
It is based on the philosophy of constructivism.
It gives teachers freedom to choose and employ
logical and varied learning strategies for the
transaction of curriculum.
It is flexible to implement various teaching -
learning strategies recognizing the learning
outcomes, nature of the content and the different
levels of the learners. Discovery learning, Concept
attainment model, Inductive method, Meta cognition,
Cooperative learning, Collaborative learning,
11. Reflective learning, and giving opportunities to
individuals and group learning etc. are taken into
consideration.
It ensures free and universal education to all
learners.
It is comprehensive and takes into consideration
the various stages from the pre-primary level to the
higher secondary level.
It is used as an effective tool for the transaction
of various subjects.
It designs innovative learning strategies as well
as assessment activities for children with special
educational needs.
It ensures a Continuous and Comprehensive
Evaluation (CCE) focused on learning outcomes.
It stresses Health and Physical Education, Art
Education and Work Education.
It help to prepare at the higher secondary level,
textbooks that are the need of the hour.
It lays stress on Right-based Education in the
light of Right to Education Act, 2009.
Itprovides an opportunity to the learner to
experience necessary safety, care and security both
at school and in the classroom by raising the teacher
to the level of a mentor.
It lays stress on the Code of Professional Ethics
for schoolteachers.
12. It helps to acquire new learning skills which
enable the learner to face contemporary challenges.
It is intended to inculcate human values in the
learners.
It ensures equity and equality among the
learners.
It ensures the harmony of head, heart and hand
and aims at a comprehensive development
envisioned to make learning natural.
The striking features of the
curriculum transaction approach are:
i. Activity - based
ii. Process- related
iii. Ensure learning
iv. Focus to attain learning outcomes
v. Environment- friendly
vi. Highlights development areas
vii. Suitable for the nature of the learner
viii. Integrates learning and assessment
Conclusion
Education in its general sense is a form of learning in
which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of
people are transferred from one generation to the next
through teaching, training, or research. Education
frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but
may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a
formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may
13. be considered educational. Education is commonly divided
into stages such as preschool, primary school, secondary
school and then college, university or apprenticeship.
Therefore there is a general demand to explain the social
aims of a curriculum. A student who completes his/her
school education is expected to be able to face any real
life situation boldly and should be equipped to get
employed at the time of completion of his course. This is
the purpose of general education and not a mere
internalization of academic subjects.
REFERENCE
1. www.scert.kerala.gov.in
2. Teachereducationindia.blogspot.com
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum_framework
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education#Curriculum