The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the female reproductive system. It describes the internal organs including ovaries that produce eggs and hormones, and fallopian tubes that transport eggs to the uterus. It explains menstruation and the menstrual cycle. It also discusses pregnancy, labor and birth, as well as common disorders like endometriosis and sexually transmitted infections that can affect the female reproductive system.

1. Female ReproductiveFemale Reproductive
SystemSystem
Week 10Week 10
Dr. Walid DaoudDr. Walid Daoud
A. ProfessorA. Professor

2. The Female Reproductive SystemThe Female Reproductive System
AnatomyAnatomy::
Internal organsInternal organs::
22ovaries, 2 Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervixovaries, 2 Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix
and vaginaand vagina..
External organs or genitalia or vulvaExternal organs or genitalia or vulva::
Labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibuleLabia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule
of the vagina and the gteater vestibularof the vagina and the gteater vestibular
gland (Bartholin,s glandgland (Bartholin,s gland((

3. Internal organs of reproductionInternal organs of reproduction
OvariesOvaries::
--On each side of the uterusOn each side of the uterus..
--They produce the ovumThey produce the ovum..
--They produce hormonesThey produce hormones::
..EstrogenEstrogen..
..ProgesteroneProgesterone..

4. Internal organs of reproductionInternal organs of reproduction
Functions of estrogen and progesteroneFunctions of estrogen and progesterone::
--Responsible for menstrual cycle andResponsible for menstrual cycle and
menopausemenopause..
--Prepare the uterus for implantation ofPrepare the uterus for implantation of
the fertilized ovumthe fertilized ovum..
--Help maintain pregnancyHelp maintain pregnancy..
--Promote growth of the placentaPromote growth of the placenta..
--Development of secondary sex charactersDevelopment of secondary sex characters..

5. Fallopian tubesFallopian tubes
Muscular tubes that transport the ovum fromMuscular tubes that transport the ovum from
the ovary to the uterus by a wavelikethe ovary to the uterus by a wavelike
currentcurrent..
Fertilization normally occurs in the FallopianFertilization normally occurs in the Fallopian
tubestubes..

6. Internal organs of reproductionInternal organs of reproduction
Uterus and vaginaUterus and vagina::
UterusUterus::
A muscular hollow structure, consists of 3A muscular hollow structure, consists of 3
partsparts::
Fundus, body and cervixFundus, body and cervix..
VaginaVagina::
A muscular tube that acts as a passagewayA muscular tube that acts as a passageway
for delivery of the fetusfor delivery of the fetus..

7. Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
--This cycle occurs monthly in theThis cycle occurs monthly in the
unpregnant females and is calledunpregnant females and is called
menses or menstruationmenses or menstruation..
--If the mature ovum is fertilizedIf the mature ovum is fertilized,,
menstruation will not take place andmenstruation will not take place and
the fertilized ovum implants itself upon thethe fertilized ovum implants itself upon the
uterine walluterine wall..

8. Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
OvulationOvulation::
It is the periodic ripening and rupturing of theIt is the periodic ripening and rupturing of the
mature graafian follicle results in dischargemature graafian follicle results in discharge
of the ovum from the cortex of the ovary toof the ovum from the cortex of the ovary to
enter the Fallopian tubeenter the Fallopian tube..
It occurs 14 days before the next menstrualIt occurs 14 days before the next menstrual
periodperiod..

9. Menstrual cycleMenstrual cycle
Menstruation begins at puberty (10-16 years ofMenstruation begins at puberty (10-16 years of
ageage(.(.
The first menstruation is called menarchThe first menstruation is called menarch..
Duration of flow 3-7 daysDuration of flow 3-7 days..
It usually occurs every 27-28 daysIt usually occurs every 27-28 days..
Menopause occurs at 40-50 years of ageMenopause occurs at 40-50 years of age

10. PregnancyPregnancy
Pregnancy is a normal physiological processPregnancy is a normal physiological process
in which the embryo develops in the uterusin which the embryo develops in the uterus
in approximately 280 days or 9 monthsin approximately 280 days or 9 months..
Changes associated with pregnancyChanges associated with pregnancy……

11. Labor and BirthLabor and Birth
Labor is a physiological process by whichLabor is a physiological process by which
the fetus is expelled from the uterus in 3the fetus is expelled from the uterus in 3
stagesstages::
--The stage of dilationThe stage of dilation..
--The stage of expulsionThe stage of expulsion..
--The stage of laborThe stage of labor..

12. Complications of LaborComplications of Labor
--Breech birthBreech birth..
--Large fetus (macrosomiaLarge fetus (macrosomia(.(.
--Postpartum hemorrhagePostpartum hemorrhage..
Breech presentation and large fetusBreech presentation and large fetus
and cephalopelvic disproportionand cephalopelvic disproportion
((dystocia( may need C-sectiondystocia( may need C-section..

13. Disorders of The FemaleDisorders of The Female
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
Menstrual DisordersMenstrual Disorders::
--Dysmenorrhea :Dysmenorrhea : painful menstruationpainful menstruation..
--Menorrhagia:Menorrhagia: excessive bleedingexcessive bleeding
during regular menstruationduring regular menstruation..
--Metrorrhagia:Metrorrhagia: significant uterinesignificant uterine
bleeding between menstrual periodsbleeding between menstrual periods..
--Amenorrhea:Amenorrhea: an absence of menstrualan absence of menstrual
flowflow..

14. Disorders of The FemaleDisorders of The Female
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
EndometriosisEndometriosis::
A condition in which displaced tissueA condition in which displaced tissue
(resembling cells of the uterine lining)(resembling cells of the uterine lining)
attach themselves to structures of theattach themselves to structures of the
pelvic cavity outside the uterus e.g,pelvic cavity outside the uterus e.g,
ovaries, cervix, umbilicus, appendix andovaries, cervix, umbilicus, appendix and
othersothers..

15. Disorders of The FemaleDisorders of The Female
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
Venereal disease (sexually-transmittedVenereal disease (sexually-transmitted))
--Gonorrhea:Gonorrhea: bacterial infection ofbacterial infection of
urinary and genital organsurinary and genital organs..
--Syphilis:Syphilis: caused by spirochetescaused by spirochetes..
--Herpes virus type II:Herpes virus type II: genital herpesgenital herpes..
--Herpes virus type I:Herpes virus type I: vesicles on thevesicles on the
vulva, perineum and buttocksvulva, perineum and buttocks..

16. Disorders of The FemaleDisorders of The Female
Reproductive SystemReproductive System
Nonvenereal diseasesNonvenereal diseases::
--Trichomonas vaginalis:Trichomonas vaginalis: a protozoala protozoal
infection of the vagina and produces ainfection of the vagina and produces a
greenish-yellow frothy dischargegreenish-yellow frothy discharge..
--Candidiasis:Candidiasis: a fungal infectiona fungal infection
produces a cheeselike discharge andproduces a cheeselike discharge and
prurituspruritus..

17. WR/CF related to the femaleWR/CF related to the female
reproductive systemreproductive system
WR/CFWR/CF MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
cervic/ocervic/o
colp/o orcolp/o or
vagin/ovagin/o
gyn/o orgyn/o or
gynec/ogynec/o
hyster/ohyster/o
labi/olabi/o
metr/ometr/o
cervix, neckcervix, neck
vaginavagina
femalefemale
uterusuterus
liplip
uterusuterus
cerviccervic/o/colp/itis/o/colp/itis
colpcolp/o/cyst/itis/o/cyst/itis
gynecgynec/o/pathy/o/pathy
hysterhyster/o/dynia/o/dynia
labilabi/al/al
metrmetr/o/ptosis/o/ptosis

18. WR/CF related to the femaleWR/CF related to the female
reproductive systemreproductive system
WR/CFWR/CF MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
oo/ooo/o
oophor/o oroophor/o or
ovari/oovari/o
perine/o orperine/o or
salping/osalping/o
vesic/ovesic/o
vulv/o orvulv/o or
episi/oepisi/o
egg, ovumegg, ovum
ovaryovary
perineumperineum
Fallopian tubesFallopian tubes
bladderbladder
vulvavulva
oooo/cyte/cyte
oophoroophor/oma/oma
perineperine/al/al
salpingsalping/o/scope/o/scope
vesicvesic/o/cervical/o/cervical
episiepisi/o/rrhaphy/o/rrhaphy

19. Suffixes related to the femaleSuffixes related to the female
reproductive systemreproductive system
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning ExampleExample
--parapara
--salpinxsalpinx
--tociatocia
--gravidagravida
to bearto bear
fallopian tubesfallopian tubes
childbirth, laborchildbirth, labor
pregnancypregnancy
nulli/nulli/parapara
hemo/hemo/salpinxsalpinx
dys/dys/tociatocia
multi/multi/gravidagravida

20. Surgical terms related to theSurgical terms related to the
female reproductive systemfemale reproductive system
Page 245-248Page 245-248

21. Answer worksheets 1-6Answer worksheets 1-6
Page 249-257Page 249-257