Meaning of educational change

1. 11
Meaning of educationalMeaning of educational
ChangeChange

2. 22
What is change?What is change?
““If reforms are to be successful, individualsIf reforms are to be successful, individuals
and groups must find meaning concerningand groups must find meaning concerning
what should change as well as how to gowhat should change as well as how to go
about it” (Fullan, 2001 p.xi)about it” (Fullan, 2001 p.xi)

3. 33
What is change?What is change?
Change involves:Change involves:
 Systematic transformation of the educationSystematic transformation of the education
system; e.g. Vision of Teacher Educationsystem; e.g. Vision of Teacher Education
Strategy and Standards for New TeachersStrategy and Standards for New Teachers
 Structural change e.g. in organisation, policy,Structural change e.g. in organisation, policy,
programmes, courses;programmes, courses;
 Consideration of interconnections betweenConsideration of interconnections between
diverse components of the system - in thisdiverse components of the system - in this
context need to consider the interconnectioncontext need to consider the interconnection
between academic and teacher preparationbetween academic and teacher preparation
programmes and practice in schoolprogrammes and practice in school

4. 44
Educational meaning ofEducational meaning of
changechange
Educational organizations are among theEducational organizations are among the
aspects that are experiencing a lot of changeaspects that are experiencing a lot of change
in the whole world and hence informationin the whole world and hence information
concerning how this change should be led andconcerning how this change should be led and
managed is of great importance. There aremanaged is of great importance. There are
different ways that are used in bringing aboutdifferent ways that are used in bringing about
change in educational systems. Manychange in educational systems. Many
researchers and scholars have stated thatresearchers and scholars have stated that
bring about change is one thing and leadingbring about change is one thing and leading
and managing that change is another aspect.and managing that change is another aspect.

5. 55
Cont…Cont…
Traditional educational settings need to beTraditional educational settings need to be
changed in order to incorporate the aspectchanged in order to incorporate the aspect
of advanced technology in educationof advanced technology in education
(Harris, 2007, pp.316)(Harris, 2007, pp.316)

6. 66
NeedNeed
In the current world, leading and managingIn the current world, leading and managing
change in educational institution settingchange in educational institution setting
requires a lot of innovations andrequires a lot of innovations and
inventions. This is because the currentinventions. This is because the current
world is changing at very high rate andworld is changing at very high rate and
without innovations and inventionswithout innovations and inventions
educational institutions will lag behind.educational institutions will lag behind.

7. 77
Make a Change practically usefulMake a Change practically useful
For instance, many schools in the world especiallyFor instance, many schools in the world especially
in the developed world have moved from thein the developed world have moved from the
aspect of copying notes in a book to typingaspect of copying notes in a book to typing
notes during classes while using laptops. This isnotes during classes while using laptops. This is
a technological change and which should bea technological change and which should be
taught to students over time (Baldridge & Deal,taught to students over time (Baldridge & Deal,
1975, pp.76). The best way of managing change1975, pp.76). The best way of managing change
in educational organization settings is to trainin educational organization settings is to train
parties involved (teachers, students, andparties involved (teachers, students, and
seniors) on the uses of that change.seniors) on the uses of that change.

8. 88
Cont…..Cont…..
On the other hand managers, plan and budget forOn the other hand managers, plan and budget for
changes, organizing people to be prepared forchanges, organizing people to be prepared for
change, do the staffing, control the workforce,change, do the staffing, control the workforce,
and help in solving problems that may beand help in solving problems that may be
brought about by this change. it should be notedbrought about by this change. it should be noted
that in educational organizations setting, changethat in educational organizations setting, change
managers analyze the situation, motivate themanagers analyze the situation, motivate the
parties involved in change implementationsparties involved in change implementations
towards acceptance of this change, and set uptowards acceptance of this change, and set up
public relations with the people (Students,public relations with the people (Students,
teachers, communities, and administrators) whoteachers, communities, and administrators) who
are affected by the change (Easterby-Smith etare affected by the change (Easterby-Smith et
al, 2003, pp.63)al, 2003, pp.63)

9. 99
Role of Manager in educationalRole of Manager in educational
institutioninstitution
When a certain educational program or course isWhen a certain educational program or course is
introduced in a campus in any country, it is theintroduced in a campus in any country, it is the
role of the managers to make sure that therole of the managers to make sure that the
project is adequately funded, the sources ofproject is adequately funded, the sources of
funds, the personnel who will be involved in thatfunds, the personnel who will be involved in that
project like who will be the head of department,project like who will be the head of department,
which teachers will be teaching this new coursewhich teachers will be teaching this new course
and so on, and the responsibilities of each andand so on, and the responsibilities of each and
every member of staff who will be required toevery member of staff who will be required to
take part in that projecttake part in that project

10. 1010
The Role of SchoolThe Role of School
Manager(Hallinger,2005)Manager(Hallinger,2005)
 Focused on creating a shared vision. This aligns withFocused on creating a shared vision. This aligns with
much of the general research.much of the general research.
 Developed a climate of high expectationDeveloped a climate of high expectation
 Guided the continuous improvements of the schoolGuided the continuous improvements of the school
 Monitored the curriculum and students learningMonitored the curriculum and students learning
outcomesoutcomes
 Created and communicated the school visionCreated and communicated the school vision
 Arranged Staff developmentArranged Staff development
 Became a visible presence in the school by modeling theBecame a visible presence in the school by modeling the
share values of the school’s cultureshare values of the school’s culture

11. 1111
Competencies of head:Competencies of head:
 A professionalA professional
 A builder of relationshipsA builder of relationships
 A good communicatorA good communicator
 A good listenerA good listener
 A positive personA positive person
 A motivatorA motivator
 Excellent leaderExcellent leader

12. 1212
In educational settings, technology hasIn educational settings, technology has
caused a lot of changes which havecaused a lot of changes which have
brought about improvement inbrought about improvement in
performance of both students andperformance of both students and
teachers (Paton & McCalman, 2000)teachers (Paton & McCalman, 2000)

13. 1313
 The concept of change does not only occur in theThe concept of change does not only occur in the
leadership and management of educationalleadership and management of educational
organizations but also to the performance of studentsorganizations but also to the performance of students
and teachers. In this respect, the quality of education isand teachers. In this respect, the quality of education is
changing where students because of improved andchanging where students because of improved and
advanced technologies are increasingly performing veryadvanced technologies are increasingly performing very
well at schools. It has become very easy for tutors towell at schools. It has become very easy for tutors to
teach their students especially with the new internetteach their students especially with the new internet
technology. Organizational change, as stated by Fullantechnology. Organizational change, as stated by Fullan
(2001, pp.43), is the process of moving from the present(2001, pp.43), is the process of moving from the present
or current operational phase into the next and advancedor current operational phase into the next and advanced
functional phasefunctional phase

14. 1414
 In educational organizational settings, there are someIn educational organizational settings, there are some
barriers that hinder change from taking place. Thesebarriers that hinder change from taking place. These
barriers include;barriers include;
 inefficient leadership and leadership strategiesinefficient leadership and leadership strategies
ineffective communication with parties involved inineffective communication with parties involved in
change implementation,change implementation,
 unclear processes and procedures concerning specificunclear processes and procedures concerning specific
and general goals,and general goals,
 lack of involvement of all parties that are concerned orlack of involvement of all parties that are concerned or
involved in change management, resistance frominvolved in change management, resistance from
employees, and improper or ineffective management ofemployees, and improper or ineffective management of
resources (Easterby-Smith et al, 2003, pp.23).resources (Easterby-Smith et al, 2003, pp.23).

15. 1515
The Concept of Change In order to clearlyThe Concept of Change In order to clearly
understand the concept of change, it is ofunderstand the concept of change, it is of
great importance to define this change.great importance to define this change.
Change can be defined differentlyChange can be defined differently
according to different situationsaccording to different situations

16. 1616
Teacher EducationTeacher Education
StrategyStrategy
A vision for teachers – a vision for changeA vision for teachers – a vision for change
1.1. Commitment to their students and to educatingCommitment to their students and to educating allall of theirof their
students.students.
2.2. Possess general knowledge, subject knowledge, use aPossess general knowledge, subject knowledge, use a
variety of teaching methods that respect students and makevariety of teaching methods that respect students and make
them active learners, to improve and develop life-skillsthem active learners, to improve and develop life-skills
including problem-solving and critical thinking.including problem-solving and critical thinking.
3.3. Responsible for monitoring and guiding their students’Responsible for monitoring and guiding their students’
learning.learning.
4.4. Think systematically about their practices, learn from theirThink systematically about their practices, learn from their
experiences and continue to develop professionally.experiences and continue to develop professionally.
5.5. Work with their colleagues as members of a community ofWork with their colleagues as members of a community of
learners.learners.

17. 1717
 Teachers are the main change agents for schoolTeachers are the main change agents for school
learning environment therefore, their professionallearning environment therefore, their professional
development is necessary for bringing change indevelopment is necessary for bringing change in
teaching learning processteaching learning process
 Hall and Hord (1987) also indicate the importance ofHall and Hord (1987) also indicate the importance of
teachers’ concern and say,teachers’ concern and say,
““Change can be more successful if theChange can be more successful if the
concerns of teacher are considered”concerns of teacher are considered”
 Collaborative teaching learning environment is a sourceCollaborative teaching learning environment is a source
of school effectiveness .So, the school managementof school effectiveness .So, the school management
should encourage collaboration in school.should encourage collaboration in school.

18. 1818
Need for Facilities in Schools.
 Facilities are materials designed to serve specific
purposes. In the school system, there are multiplicity of
facilities, which facilitate teaching and learning. They are
used;
 (1) To illustrate concepts
 (2) Provide opportunity for firsthand experience
 (3) For experimentation and demonstration
 (4) For scientific investigation and discovery
 (5) To provide diversity of thoughts
 (6) For observation and inquiry
 (7) For development of scientific attitudes and skills
 (8) To protect the individual and also provide comfort

19. 1919
Changing the Conditions of TeachingChanging the Conditions of Teaching
(cont.)(cont.)
Change is needed,Change is needed,toward...toward...
•Democratic school communities in which supervisors
promote shared decision-making, collegiality, and teacher
leadership
•Policies that value teachers as part of the solution and
provide the human and material resources teachers need
to improve schools and provide all students with
a quality education

20. 2020
Changing the Conditions of TeachingChanging the Conditions of Teaching
(cont.)(cont.)
•Teaching as a career in which teachers are properly
inducted into the profession and are provided new
responsibilities, appropriate support, increased
recognition, and significantly increased salary at each
career stage
•A vision of practice that values and honors respect and
dignity as well as shared power and decision making

21. 2121
Cont….Cont….
 Improvement in Learning Environment (BetterImprovement in Learning Environment (Better
infrastructure through School Management Councils)infrastructure through School Management Councils)
 Technical / Vocational Education (It is important toTechnical / Vocational Education (It is important to
provide demand related skills).provide demand related skills).
 Instructional Methods (Emphasis must be given onInstructional Methods (Emphasis must be given on
development of analytical faculties of the students).development of analytical faculties of the students).
 Teachers’ Training and Knowledge (To improveTeachers’ Training and Knowledge (To improve
teachers’ knowledge of the subject and equip them withteachers’ knowledge of the subject and equip them with
a wide repertoire of teaching skills).a wide repertoire of teaching skills).
 English Language (Introduction of English from Class –English Language (Introduction of English from Class –
I. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching ofI. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of
science subjects in English at public secondary schools).science subjects in English at public secondary schools).

22. 2222
ConclusionConclusion
change is a concept that occurs over a period of time andchange is a concept that occurs over a period of time and
from time to time. Not all people in an organization arefrom time to time. Not all people in an organization are
ready for this change and hence it can be resisted byready for this change and hence it can be resisted by
some people. It is therefore the role of change managersome people. It is therefore the role of change manager
to make sure that all people are incorporated in theto make sure that all people are incorporated in the
process of adapting change. The managers of change inprocess of adapting change. The managers of change in
educational institutions should ensure that there areeducational institutions should ensure that there are
enough resources for the implementation of a newenough resources for the implementation of a new
change. It is very essential for leaders to understand thechange. It is very essential for leaders to understand the
views of all people in order to avoid much resistance toviews of all people in order to avoid much resistance to
changechange

23. 2323
ReferencesReferences
Anderson, D. (2009). Organization Development:Anderson, D. (2009). Organization Development:
The Process of Leading Organizational Change.The Process of Leading Organizational Change.
New Jersey: Wiley Baldridge, J. and Deal, T.New Jersey: Wiley Baldridge, J. and Deal, T.
(1975). Managing Change in Educational(1975). Managing Change in Educational
Organizations. London: Prentice Hall Bartunek,Organizations. London: Prentice Hall Bartunek,
J. (2003). Organizational and EducationalJ. (2003). Organizational and Educational
Change. New York: Blackwell Bascia, N. andChange. New York: Blackwell Bascia, N. and
Hargreaves, A. (2000). The Sharp Edge ofHargreaves, A. (2000). The Sharp Edge of
Educational CEducational C