The document discusses the economic costs of environmental degradation from pollution of air, water, and soil. It provides examples of specific pollution events, such as China's gray smog and the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, and their negative economic impacts including costs of cleanup, health effects, and damage to industries like fishing and tourism. Studies estimate that environmental costs are 4.5-8% of GDP for India and up to 8% for China due to issues like air and water pollution, land degradation, and deforestation.

1. MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IS THE COST JUSTIFIED?

2. INTRODUCTION Environmental degradation an issue of increasing concern for all of us. The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources, such as air, water and soil. The destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. We only have one Earth to work with, and if the environment is irreparably compromised, it could mean the end of human existence.

3. EFFECTS of Environmental Degradation

4. DISEASE CAUSED BY DEGRADATION

5. Skin Cancer Cases Projection

6. WATER POLLUTION

7. Scarcity Of Fresh Water

8. Water Pollution British Petroleum Oil spill, The GULF OF MEXICO Largest marine oil spill in history of petroleum industry causing immense water pollution, happened on 20 th April, 2010. Deep water Horizon drilling rig explosion killing 11 platform workers and injured 17 others. Releasing 4.9 million barrels of crude oil. Causing extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats. Effecting Gulf’s Fishing and Tourism industries. Heavy clean up cost and damage effecting the economic factor.

9. BP Spill ( contd.) Effect on economy due to this water pollution Total insured losses from accident could reach $ 30 million as of now. Market value of British Petroleum decreasing from $105 billion to $ 60 billion. Unemployed oil workers for six months due to moratorium on drilling. Real Estate prices and transaction in Gulf Of Mexico area has decreased. Extensive Damage to Marine and Wildlife habitats. Gulf’s fishing and tourism industry highly effected extensively effecting the economy.

10. AIR POLLUTION

11. AIR POLLUTION

12. GRAY SMOG CHINA’S GRAY SMOG Thick Gray Smog pollution obscures the view of Beijing and nearby and nearby regions. City’s pollution index reached the highest level on scale. Air pollution resulting premature deaths and respiratory problems causing health issues. Acid rain effects 33% of china’s population as per NYT.com. 75% of China’s city dwellers line below the country’s acceptable air quality standard.

13. GRAY SMOG (contd.) Economic consequences due air pollution Annual average economic losses from air pollution is 7.2 billion Yuan. Losing 6.75 percent of national GNP fighting against air pollution. Human health losses to 32 percent due to air pollution in China. Acid rain resulting in approximately 14 billion Yuan of economic losses on annual basis.

14. SOIL DEGRADATION

15. Condition of Soil Globally

16. Deforestation

17. ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FRESHWATER POLLUTION BY PHOSPHOROUS AND NITROGEN . SPENDING $4.3 BILLION ANNUALY ON WATER PURIFICATION BY AMERICANS . INCREASING WATER BILLS MORE MONEY SPEND ON TREATMENT FOR WATER PURIFYING. PRODUCTIVITY IS EFFECTED. SHORTAGE OF EVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES SUCH AS DECLINE FISHRIES LEADING TO IRREVERSIBLE COMPACTION. Water Pollution

18. VEHICLES AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES ARE THE MAIN CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION EFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY DURING CRITICAL PERIOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. POLLUTION CAUSING ACID RAIN AND REDUCTION OF OXYGEN IN ATMOSPHERE EFFECTING FOREST AND WATER BODIES. $2.3 BILLION IS BEEN EXPENDED EVERY YEAR BY GOVERNMENT ON AIR POLLUTION. Air Pollution

19. AGRICULTURAL PRODCTIVITY EFFECTED DEPLETION OF SOIL INCREASING MALNUTRITION FOR FARMERS. TILING OF LAND LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY LOSS OF TOP SOIL EFFECTING AGRICULTURAL GOODS DUE TO CONSTANT TILING OF THE LAND. LOSS OF NUTRIENTS FROM RICH TOP SOIL Soil Pollution

20. LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY DIRECT ECONOMIC VALUE OF PRODUCTS FROM SPECIES. THE INDIRECT ECONOMIC VALUE OF BENEFIT PRODUCED BY SPECIES. NUTRIENT RECYCLING IN ECOSYSTEM.

21. CONCLUSION COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION (% OF GDP) REMARKS CHINA 8% Air and water pollution damages were nearly $54 billion a year or 8% of the GDP in 1995. Some scholars have estimated the burden of environmental pollution at 5% of GDP. Loss due to deforestation alone is a staggering 12%. INDIA 4.5 TO 8% Environmental cost assessment by scholars varies from 4.5% to 5% of GDP due to air pollution, groundwater mining, and deteriorating quality of aquifers, land degradation and deforestation. Annual economic costs of air pollution, contaminated water, soil degradation, and deforestation were estimated to be 8% of GDP by Tata Energy Resource Institute (TERI)

22. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRDATION

24. Environmental Kuznet Curve Use better technology and practices to counter environmental degradation Better Implementation of Environmental Laws Cost of Defiance should be more than Cost of Complaince Transparent practices by Corporation and Public Sector Change tendency for short term quick profits

25. SAVE EARTH