Global warming is caused by increased greenhouse gas concentrations, especially CO2, trapping heat in the lower atmosphere. The main greenhouse gases are CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, CFCs, HFCs, PFCs and sulfur hexafluoride. GHG concentrations have increased substantially since the industrial revolution due to human activities like fossil fuel burning. If emissions continue rising, global temperatures are projected to increase 1-2°C by 2050, causing sea level rise, more extreme weather, and effects on ecosystems, agriculture, human health and settlements worldwide and in India.
Final slideshow from the Climate School in Narvik, Norway. Marina Kaitalidou, a gifted student at the Climate School, has made this slideshow and was making the final lecture based on this slideshow. Enjoy.
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The causes and effects of climate changeColin Mattis
The document gives an introduction to climate change. it gives a definition for weather, climate and climate change. it gives the causes and effects of climate change and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate climate change.
Final slideshow from the Climate School in Narvik, Norway. Marina Kaitalidou, a gifted student at the Climate School, has made this slideshow and was making the final lecture based on this slideshow. Enjoy.
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Climate change A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
The causes and effects of climate changeColin Mattis
The document gives an introduction to climate change. it gives a definition for weather, climate and climate change. it gives the causes and effects of climate change and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate climate change.
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long
run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal
temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate
change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. This is a type of greenhouse effect.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...
Climate change & global warming consequenses
1. Global warming and Climate change
Prepared by:
Veereshgouda. M. Police Patil
2. Contents
• What is global warming?
• Science behind Global Climate Change
• Green house effect
• GHG’s concentration
• Present and future trends in Global Climate Change
• Sources of Green House Gases
• Trends in Co2 emission
• Consequences of global climate change: World and India
3. What is global warming?
Global warming: Regular increase in
mean annual temperature of the
earth.
This is mainly because of increase in
concentration of GHGs in the
atmosphere (especially CO2)
6. Science behind global warming
Green house effect
The green house gases - CO2 , methane, N2O, CFC, SF6, O3 (3-7%)
etc., absorb less of the insolation in atmosphere and much of the
outgoing long wave radiations. Thus, they retain the heat in the
atmosphere.
Results in
Uncomfortness
Diseases and deaths (Cancer, skin diseases etc)
7. The Green house gases
(GHGs) provide a
blanketing effect in the
lower strata of the earth’s
atmosphere, and this
blanketing effect is being
enhanced because of the
human activities like
burning of fossil fuels etc.
8. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
• The “greenhouse effect” & global warming are not the same
thing.
– Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the
surface of the earth.
i
• An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases leads to
an increase in the the magnitude of the greenhouse effect.
(Called enhanced greenhouse effect)
– This results in global warming.
9. Green House Gas Inventory
Carbon di-oxide
CO2
Methane – CF4 Nitrous Oxide – N20
Perfluoromethane –
CF4
Sulphur
Hexafluoride – SF6
HCFC
CFC - 12
13. Global Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-fuels 1900-2008
Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels have significantly increased since
1900. Emissions increased by over 16 times between 1900 and 2008 and
by about 1.5 times between 1990 and 2008.
14. Sl.
No.
GHG Concentration Remark
1 Atm. CO2 390.5 ppm 40% greater than in
1750.
2 Atm. nitrous oxide (N2O) 324.2 ppb increased by 20% since
1750.
3 Atm. methane (CH4) 1803.2 ppb 150% greater than
before 1750.
4 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
and
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
------ increased relatively
rapidly but their
contributions to
radiative forcing are less
than 1% of the total by
well-mixed GHGs
Present status of Direct GHG’s concentration (2011)
IPCC Assessment report 2013
15. Anthropogenic sources for GHG’s emission
Greenhouse gases Anthropogenic sources
Carbon-dioxide Fossil fuel combustion
Land use conversion
Cement production
Methane Fossil fuels
Rice paddies
Waste dumps
Livestock
Nitrous oxide Fertiliser industrial processes
combustion
CFC-12 Liquid coolants, Foams
HCFC-22 Liquid coolants
Tetrachlorofluoromethane Production of aluminium
Hexafluoride Dielectric fluid
22. Emission trend of global green house gases along regions
Highest carbon
emitter
(@ 1600 m MT
of C/yr)
5th place,
emits (@
700 m MT of
‘C’/yr)
(www.unfccc.int)
23. 2008 Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion and some Industrial
Processes of top countries
24. Consequences of global warming
• Melting of polar region
• Rise of sea level
• Effect on agriculture
• Human and animal Health
Impact of Global Warming on India
• Unseasonal rains
• Increasing Water Scarcity
• Lower Wheat Yields
• Increased incidence of heat waves
• Shrinking of Himalayan Glaciers
26. Consequences …
Effect on nature
In India 5 to 25% decline in winter rain fall, leading to
droughts during dry summer months
Increase in average summer monsoon rainfall over the
Indian subcontinent is only 10 to 15 per cent.
(Singh and Sonatakke, 2002)
28. Consequences contd…
Effect on society
Collapse of Maya civilization, (around 3000 years ago) on
Meso-America due to climate deterioration.
(Webster, 2002)
Collapse of Subir, (Around 300 AD agriculture civilization) of
Northern Mesopotamia in Syria.
(Weiss, 1993)
29. Consequences contd…
Indian Scenario
Almost all 335 glaciers in the
Sutlej, Beas and Spiti river
basins of Himachal pradesh
are receding because of global
warming.
(Sharma, 2001)
Overall prediction
By 2050, sea level
throughout the world will rise
by 21 cm.
(Anon, 1999)
Sea will rise by 18 cm in the
year 2020 and 58 cm by the
year 2090.
( Kumar, 2002)
Effect on glaciers
30. •Scary pictures of the northern polar regions in 1979 & 2005
•Polar ice has been decreasing by 1% per year since 1979.
1979 2005
32. Effect on Agriculture
Indian Scenario
At 0.5 o C increase in mean
temperature in Punjab,
Haryana and Uttar Pradesh
there would be a reduction in
productivity of wheat crop
by 10%.
(Samara and Sharma, 2002)
Overall prediction
Decline in yield of crop in
Latin America, from
Mexico to Argentina.
33. Predicted effects of climate change on agriculture by 2050
Climatic element Expected changes by
2050’s
Effects on agriculture
CO2 Increase from 360 ppm to
450 - 600 ppm
Good for crops: increased
photosynthesis; reduced water use
Sea level rise Increased in south and offset
in north by natural
subsistence/rebound
Loss of land, coastal erosion, flooding,
salinisation of groundwater
Temperature Rise by 1-2oC. Winters
warming more than
summers. Increased
frequency of heat waves
Faster, shorter, earlier growing seasons,
range moving north and to higher
altitudes, heat stress risk, increased
evapotranspiration
Precipitation Seasonal changes by ± 10% Impacts on drought risk' soil
workability, water logging irrigation
supply, transpiration
Storminess Increased wind speeds,
especially in north. More
intense rainfall events.
Lodging, soil erosion, reduced
infiltration of rainfall
Source: Climate change and Agriculture, MAFF (2000)
34. Possible benefits and drawbacks of global warming on agriculture, based on an illustration in
Scientific American, March, 1994
35. Consequences contd…
Indian Scenario
The Bengal tiger could
vanish
Effect on Fauna
Overall prediction
Central American Quetzal
bird could disappear.
Other animals that could
vanish around the world are
Polar Bear, Penguins and the
central African Mountain
Gorilla.
(Anon, 2001)
38. Consequences contd…
Effect on forests
Shift of species: 1oC rise in temperature will displace the limits
of tolerance of land species some 125 km towards the pole
or 150 m vertically on mountains.
(Anon, 1999)
39. Consequences contd…
Effect on insect-pest incidence:
Increase in temperature leads to:
• Accelerate to breeding population of insects resulting in more
generation per year
(Hedden, 1987)
40. Impacts of global warming on climate of India
• India is already a disaster prone area, with the statistics of 27
out of 35 states and Union territories being disaster prone,
with most disasters being water related.
• According to surveys, in the year 2007-2008, India ranked the
third highest in the world regarding the number of significant
disasters, with 18 such events in one year, resulting in the
death of 1103 people due to these catastrophes.
41. Catastrophes of climate change in India
• Floods
• Droughts
• Cyclones
• Effects on the sea and coastal areas
42. Floods in India
• Approximately 40 million hectares of the land is vulnerable to
floods, with 8 million hectares affected by it.
• A temperature increase of 2 °C in India is projected to displace
seven million people, with a submersion of the major cities of
India like Mumbai and Chennai.
43. Droughts
• Of the total agricultural land in India, about 68% is prone to
drought of which 33% is chronically drought prone, receiving
rainfall of less than 750mm per year.
• The World Record Of Drought Was In 2000 in Rajasthan, India.
44. Cyclones
• As a result of global warming, the average number of
hurricanes per year has increased over the past 30 years.
• The notable cyclones in Indian history include the 1737
Calcutta cyclone and 1970 Bhola cyclone, which affected more
than a million people.
45. Effects on the sea and coastal areas
• A one meter sea level rise is projected to displace
approximately 7.1 million people in India and about 5,764 Km2
of land area will be lost, along with 4200 Km of road.
• The effects of global warming have also caused damage to
coastal infrastructure, aquaculture and coastal tourism. The
aquatic ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs and grass
lands have also been affected by the climatic change.