Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are the cause of climate change driven by population and economic growth. Information provided are taking from the fifth assessment report summary for policy makers. It gives beginner information on the causes, impacts, future projections and limitations strategies.

1. Climate Change Causes, Impacts,
Future Projections and Limitations
Emmanuel Unaegbu

2.  Human influence on the climate system is confirmed.
 Recent anthropogenic emissions of GHGs are the highest
in history.
 Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on
the ecosystems.
 Observations since 1950 shows that:
-Atmosphere and ocean have warmed;
-Snow and ice amounts have reduced;
-Sea level has risen;
-Ocean pH has decreased by 0.1 since 1850.
Observed Changes

3. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases responsible for
current climate change has been driven largely by
- Economic growth and
- Population growth
Cause of Climate Change

4. Changes in climate have caused impacts on natural
and human systems globally. Some observes impact
include:
- Changing precipitation;
- Decreasing crop yields in many regions.
- Hydrological systems alteration, affecting water
resources quantity and quality
-Species have shifted their geographic ranges,
seasonal activities, migration patterns and abundance
Impacts of Climate Change

5. Changes in many extreme weather and climate
events have been observed since about 1950. Some of
these changes include
- decrease in cold temperature extremes,
- increase in warm temperature extremes
- increase in extreme high sea levels
- increase in frequency of heavy precipitation
events in many regions
Extreme Events

6. Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause
further warming and long-lasting changes in all
components of the climate system.
It will increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive and
irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.
Future Climate Risks and Impacts

7. All emission scenarios project increase in surface
temperature causing more and longer lasting heat
waves;
Extreme precipitation events will become more
intense and frequent in many regions;
The ocean will continue to warm and acidify; and
Global mean sea level to rise.
Projected Impacts

8. Reduction in crop yield
Reduction in livestock productivity
Reduction in fish production
Increase in vector borne diseases such as malaria
Some Visible Impact

9. Climate change will exacerbate existing risks and
create new risks for ecosystems.
Projected risks will be are unevenly distributed
affecting vulnerable population in countries
especially developing countries.
Risks of sudden or irreversible changes increase as
the magnitude of the warming increases
Future Risks

10. Limiting climate change would require:
 Substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas
emissions – Mitigation
 Building human system resilience to impacts – Adaptation
 Sustainable Development
Future Pathway

11.  Effective institutions and good governance;
 Innovation and investments in environmentally sound
technologies;
 sustainable livelihoods;
 Behavioral and lifestyle choices
 Ethical dimensions,
 Equity,
 Value judgments,
 Economic assessments and
 Diverse perceptions and responses to risk and uncertainty
Foundation of CC Decision Making

12.  Climate change exacerbates other threats to social and natural
systems, placing additional burdens particularly on the poor.
 Aligning climate policy with sustainable development requires
attention to both adaptation and mitigation.
 Delaying global mitigation actions may reduce options for
climate-resilient pathways and adaptation in the future.
 Climate action is about local differential action for global impact.
Conclusion