MCE 2016 - B. Bella - EMERSON
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This document discusses the use of propane (R290) as a refrigerant. It notes that R290 has a very low global warming potential and is an efficient, natural alternative to other refrigerants. However, R290 also has limitations due to its flammability. The document outlines refrigeration system architectures and trends toward lower global warming potential refrigerants. It presents performance data showing the high efficiency of variable speed scroll compressors with R290 over a wide range of speeds. Regulations and standards for R290 are also reviewed. The document concludes that R290 should be a future-proof refrigerant but requires a dedicated compressor design due to safety and reliability considerations stemming from its flammability.
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MCE 2016 - B. Bella - EMERSON
- 1. Scroll Compressor for Propane (R290) Bachir Bella
- 2. 22 Contents Why Propane (R290) Binomial Refrigerant/System Architecture (F-gas) Variable Speed Scroll with Propane Regulation and Standards for Propane
- 3. 333 Why Propane: Efficient Future Proof Option But Some Limitations Exist Regulatory • Very low GWP • Future Proof Refrigerant • Natural Alternative To CO2 With GWP=3 Properties & Performance • Up to -20% Lower Capacity • But Up to 30% Higher COP • Discharge Temperature comparable to R404A Limitations • Flammability / Hazardeous • R290 Is Less Addressed In The Standards (IEC) But Under Revision • Directives (ATEX) & Standards Not Fully Harmonized • Directives & Regional Legislations Not Aligned • Various Level Of Expertise In Different Channels Advantage of Propane • No Temperature Glide during constant pressure phase change • Up to -50% Lower system charge (lower liquid density) compared to R404A & R407C • Wide application range (NBT = -42.2°C, Tcrit. = 96.7°C) • Moderate working pressure pcrit.= 42.6 bar
- 4. 44 Hermetic Sealed R290 HFO GWP <150 R404A R407A/F HFOR290 R450A,R513A R448A/R449A/R134a Indirect Systms R450A, R513A, R448A, R449A, R134a, R407A/F Non Hermetic Sealed ENTR Lot. 1 For condensing Units Commercial Refrigeration System Architecture & Refrigerants Tomorrow Systems≤40kWSystems>40kW Cascade Booster R744 R744 R450A, R513A R448A/R449A/R134a HFO GWP <150 Centralized DX LT HFO GWP <150 HFO R290 Today Centralized DX Flammable Mildly flammable Non flammable MT w/ secondary GWP < 1500
- 5. 55 Hermetically Sealed R290 HFO GWP <150 Today Centralized DX R404A R407A/F HFO?R290 R450A,R513A R448A/R449A/R134a Indirect Systems R450A, R513A, R448A, R449A, R134a, R407A/F Non Hermetically Sealed ENTR Lot. 1 For condensing Units Commercial Refrigeration System Architecture & Refrigerants Tomorrow Systems<40kWSystems>40kW Cascade Booster R744 R744 R450A, R513A R448A/R449A/R134a HFO GWP <150 ? Centralized DX LT HFO GWP <150? R290 Small charge R290 Medium & large charge R290 medium charge Trend MT w/ secondary GWP < 1500 Flammable Mildly flammable Non flammable
- 6. 66 Residential Heating Architecture & Refrigerants Trend R1234 Blends & R32 Low Temp. Outdoor Monobloc. R410A / R407CArchitecture Future Indoor (B/W) In- Outdoor R290 Today • ≤ to 8kg* or • ≤ 40kg* w/ vent’d Enclosure • ≤ 1kg or • ≤ 5kg w/ vent’d Enclosure • > 5kg National Std. • ≤ 5kg • > 5kg National Std. • ≤ 40kg Challenges Availability DHW (R32) Safety Up to 10 kW (*) Regulatory Standard under revision to increase A2L charge Up to 50 kW Up to 50 kW
- 7. 77 Heating Performance w/ Load Variation Degradation Factor impacting the COP Cycling (Cd) CD (Degradation Coefficient): The measure of the efficiency loss due to the cycling of the unit. Smaller Is Better! COPPL = COPd × (1−Cd ×(1−CR )) COPPL: According to EN14825
- 8. 88 R290 Compressors Trend Fixed Speed HFC Scroll Fixed Speed R290 Scroll Variable Speed R290 Scroll Compactness Weight Natural Refrigerant Energy Efficiency Single Compressor To Cover Multitude System Range R290 VSS Applications: Self-Contained Cases, Ref Small Chiller And Monobloc HP
- 9. 99 R290 Scroll Compressor Line-Up Heating Application 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 R290 R410A EVI R410A Non EVI – Compressor with DC Brushless Motor – Frequency Drive (220VAC Single Phase) – Motor Speed from 15 to 120 Hz – Requires special design consideration – Inverter generates electro-magnetic interference (EMI) – Variable shaft speed necessitates piping circuits to ensure Oil return – Variable speed requires special consideration to avoid resonances
- 10. 1010 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 COP Compressor Speed (rpm) 50 C 35 C -10 C evaporating R290 Scroll Performance & Map Refrigeration Application –COP quasi costant at full range of speeds ZBV021 –Wide operating Envelope with R290 –(2400 to 4800 rpm full operating limit)
- 11. 1111 Relevant Regulations & Standards Charge Limits for R290 EN 378 (Refrigeration Systems) System Design & System Location Occupancy Public Access Supervised Occupancy Authorized Access Only All in Occupied Space 1.5 2.5 10 Compressor & Receiver in unoccupied space 1.5 2.5 25 All in Open Space or Machinery room 5 10 unlimited - 40 (Household and Similar Electrical Appliances) Max. Charge 5 kg - 89 (Commercial Ref. Appliances): Max. charge 150g with no restriction Small System LargeSystem Refrigeration Comfort Occupancy Public Access Supervised Occupancy Authorized Access Only 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5 10 unlimited And Charge is Limited by Room Volume IEC 60335-2 Charge limit in kg
- 12. 1212 • Risk Assessment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 Viscosity(cSt) Temperature ( C) Oil Viscosity R404A 3MAF R290 3MAF R290 HXL 4467 Tevap. -10°C Dedicated Scroll Compressor Design • Design review driven by PED req’t – Shell, fittings – New Material and Processes • Reliability Refrigerant highly solubile in lubricant. Newly Developed lubricant for viscosity improvement – Electrical components source of ignition and Hot surfaces exceeding auto-ignition temperature, Shall not be located in an area where a potentially flammable mixture of refrigerant and air could accumulate. (IEC60079, IEC60335-2-40)
- 13. 1313 Conclusions • F-gas Regulation pushing towards the lowest GWP refrigerant • Modulation with VS provides significant energy savings • Propane (R290) Compressor with Variable DC motor gives High Efficiency over a wide range of speed • R290 supports more extreme working conditions • Propane (R290) should be a future proof refrigerant for dedicated Refrigeration and HP systems • Propane R290 needs Dedicated compressor design because of safety and reliability
- 14. 1414 Conclusions • F-gas Regulation pushing towards the lowest GWP refrigerant • Modulation with VS provides significant energy savings • Propane (R290) Compressor with Variable DC motor gives High Efficiency over a wide range of speed • R290 supports more extreme working conditions • Propane (R290) should be a future proof refrigerant for dedicated Refrigeration and HP systems • Propane R290 needs Dedicated compressor design because of safety and reliability Grazie per la Vostra Attenzione! Per contatti: bachir.bella@emerson.com