Diego Malimpensa's speech on natural solutions for semi plug-in showcases given on November 2018 during ATMOsphere Europe

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NAT REF Solution deployment
Natural solutions for
semi plug-in showcases
Diego Malimpensa

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DC Waterloop Systems
• First trials in 2012 (HFC/HFO)
• Ease of installation & maintenance
• Reduced refrigerant charge & leaks
• Energy saving up to 30% respect on/off
waterloop systems
• Advanced monitoring & predictive maintenace
• Optimum temperature regulation
• Flexibility, HVAC integration

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CAREL DC technology
10+ years Experience
• Working since 2007 in HVAC
• 200+ DC compressors qualified
• 13 DC compressor brands
• Special partnership with some
compressor manufacturers
Compressor Qualification Process
• Preliminary settings for lab testing
• Full electrical and thermodynamic compressor
qualification (1 week lab test)
• 5 compressors lab tests benches
Result: Perfect electrical and thermodynamic
compressor knowledge
Customers lab testing support
• Unit controller featuring compressors know how
• Advanced algorithms to manage compressors and
refrigeration unit
• Solution fine tuning made together with customers
Solutions deployment
• All CAREL electrical and thermodynamics
knowledge applied
• Safety and preventive features implemented
• Reliability and perfomance optimization

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• High efficiency refrigerant
• Standard working pressures
• Suitable for small units
• Flammability: IEC 60335-2-89 up to
500g
• Well accepted from the market
• Worries on pressures and usability overcomed
• Active innovation trend
• Improved technologies for high efficiency in
warm climates
Natural Refrigerants DC Waterloop Systems
• Improving cooling capacity
• Improving energy efficiency
• Reducing compressor size
• Amplifying compressors choice

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CO2 MT Transcritical
• Open cabinet
• Class 3M1
• Cooling Capacity: 5.5 kW @-7°C
• DC rotary compressor: Toshiba
• Safety tested up to Water T 50°C
Single Circuit MT transcritical
Single EEV working as High pressure and SH control
• Complete store running since September 2018, surface 1000 sqm
• MT vertical cabinets 40 meters (future extension to 60 meters)
• Preliminary energy data coming soon
• Full turnkey system supplied by EPTA
Courtesy of Epta S.p.a.

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Water T increaseTranscritical Pull down
Reg T = -1°C
Comp. speed
Superheat = 8K
Water T = 37°C
Superheat = 8K
Water T increased to 44°C
Comp. increases speed
Constant Reg T = -1°C
With water temperature at 37 °C the pull down duration is
approx. 10 minutes, even working in transcritical conditions.
The system can keep regulation T at set point even when
water temperature increases from 37 to 44°C!
CO2 MT Transcritical

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CO2 MT Transcritical
• Semi plug-in CO2 solutions with a heat rejection to air or water / brine
• 1 circuit per cabinet (no charge limit, no additional tests required)
• All cabinets pre-charged in factory and ready to use on site (1-2.5 kg)
Courtesy of Hauser Gmbh• Field tests: June 2018
• Mass production start: August 2018
• Deployment of air cooled version in Europe for supermarket
extensions – installation in 1 night
• >70 stores (>350 cabinets) already installed

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Single circuit MT CO2 DC rotary (Toshiba) unit
Vs
Triple circuit Propane ON/OFF
• Air-cooled R744 solution has the same performance as R290
• Water-cooled R744 solution depends on the ambient temperature
CO2 MT Transcritical
CO2 Vs Propane = -10% CO2 Vs Propane = -3% CO2 Vs Propane = +10%
CO2 (evap cooling) Vs Propane = +5%
-10 -7 -4 -1 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44
TotalEnergyConsumption
Ambient temperature [°C]
Berlin
CO2
R290
-10 -7 -4 -1 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44
TotalEnergyConsumption
Ambient temperature [°C]
Rome
CO2
R290
-10 -7 -4 -1 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44
TotalEnergyConsumption
Ambient temperature [°C]
Vienna
CO2
R290
Air cooled
working
conditions

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CO2 LT Double stage vs Booster/Cascade
LT booster transcritical
• Two single-stage compressors
• Booster system
• Intermediate injection control
• Booster compressors
synchronization
LT double stage transcritical
• One double-stage compressor
(Panasonic)
• Standard system
• Intermediate pressure control
• Only vertical compressors
LT cascade transcritical
• Two single-stage compressors
• Cascade system
• Very imited refrigerant charge
• Cascade compressors & valves
synchronization

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MT/LT Propane 150/500g
MT/LT single circuit MT/LT multi circuit
• Solution ready for 150 or 500g applications
• Several compressors (horizontal and vertical) available
DC technology benefits
• Increased cooling capacity with similar displacent
• Decrease compressor size with similar cooling capacity
150g DC ON/OFF
Displacement 17-22 cc 25-32 cc
Height 29 cm 36 cm
Weight 14 kg 26 kg
Courtesy of PastorfrigorS.p.a.

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11
Conclusions
• Natural refrigerants DC semi plug-in system is becoming a reality all over the world
• Potential issues on Nat Ref are improved by using DC technology and well known solutions
• Energy efficiency is not the only driver: space limitation, noise level, fast installation,
maintenance reduction, etc… [TCO]
• Propane vs CO2 There’s not a unique natural choice. End user can decide which Nat Ref fits
better with its own needs.
• IEC 60335-2-89: flammability charge regulation revision will boost the high efficiency propane
systems spreading

12. This document and all of its contents are property of CAREL. All unauthorised use, reproduction or distribution of this document or the information contained in it, by anyone other than CAREL, is severely forbidden. All data refer to year 2017
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