The document discusses the importance of compliance as code and the need for organizations to ensure proper security measures like using sshv2 over sshv1 and configuring server tokens in Apache. It highlights trends in organizational compliance, revealing that many do not adequately test their security systems and struggle to maintain compliance over time. Additionally, it outlines a three-step process for continuous compliance involving detection, correction, and automation to improve performance and security across IT environments.

1. DevSec Delight with Compliance as Code
Matt Ray
Manager/Solutions Architect APJ
Chef

2. Matt Ray
Manager/Solutions Architect – APJ
Chef Software
matt@chef.io
@mattray
Software Defined Talk

6. SSH Control
"SSH supports two different protocol versions. The
original version, SSHv1, was subject to a number of
security issues. Please use SSHv2 instead to avoid
these."

7. How will I verify this?

8. Whip up a one-liner!
grep "^Protocol" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | sed 's/Protocol //'

9. Apache Server Information Leakage
• Description
• This Directive Controls wheather Server response field is sent back to clients includes a description of
Generic OS Type of the Server.
• This allows attackers to identify web servers details greatly and increases the efficiency of any attack,as
security vulnerabilities are dependent upon specific software versions.
• How to Test
• In order to test for ServerToken configuration, one should check the Apache configuration file.
• Misconfiguration
• ServerTokens Full
• Remediation
• Configure the ServerTokens directive in the Apache configuration to value of Prod or ProductOnly. This tells
Apache to only return "Apache" in the Server header, returned on every page request.
• ServerTokens Prod
• or
• ServerTokens ProductOnly
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/SCG_WS_Apache

10. More grep and sed!
grep "^ServerTokens" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | sed 's/ServerTokens //'

14. Passed the Audit

17. C
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

20. “Two-thirds of organizations
did not adequately test the
security of all in-scope
systems”

21. Key Trends
• While individual rule
compliance is up,
testing of security
systems is down
• Sustainability is low.
Fewer than a third of
companies were found
to be still fully
compliant less than a
year after successful
validation.

22. Security != Compliance
Security Theatre

24. Shell Scripts
grep "^Protocol" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | sed 's/Protocol //'
grep "^ServerTokens" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | sed 's/ServerTokens //'

25. Infrastructure Code
package 'httpd' do
action :install
end
service 'httpd' do
action [ :start, :enable ]
end

26. We Have A Communications Problem

32. Compliance Language

33. One Language
Linux, Windows

34. Windows

35. One Language
Linux, Windows, MacOS, Solaris, AIX, ...

36. Examples of Available Resources
apache_conf
apt
audit_policy
auditd_conf
auditd_rules
bond
bridge
command
crontab
directory
etc_group
file
gem
group
host
inetd_conf
interface
iptables
kernel_module
kernel_parameter
limits_conf
login_defs
mount
mysql_conf
mysql_session
npm
ntp_conf
oneget
os
os_env
package
parse_config
parse_config_file
passwd
pip
port
postgres_conf
postgres_session
powershell
processes
registry_key
security_policy
service
ssh_config
sshd_config
user
windows_feature
yum

37. What is it not?
• IDS / IPS
• Firewall
• Antivirus
• Pentesting tool

38. One Language
Linux, Windows, MacOS, Solaris, AIX, ...
Bare-metal, VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases

39. DB Testing

40. One Language
Linux, Windows, MacOS, Solaris, AIX, ...
Bare-metal, VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases, APIs

41. Cloud Testing

42. InSpec
> inspec exec test.rb
Test a machine remotely via SSH
> inspec exec test.rb -i identity.key -t ssh://root@172.17.0.1
Test your machine locally
> inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Admin@192.168.1.2 --password super
Test Docker Container
> inspec exec test.rb -t docker://5cc8837bb6a8
Test a machine remotely via WinRM
AGENTLESS

43. One Language
Linux, Windows, MacOS, Solaris, AIX, ...
Bare-metal, VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases, APIs, Cloud Platforms, ...

44. Open Source Community
•https://inspec.io
•https://github.com/chef/inspec
•https://supermarket.chef.io
•https://learn.chef.io
•#inspec in https://chefcommunity.slack.com

45. 55%
Step one: Detect
Gain visibility into current status to satisfy audits and drive decision-making
of organizations do compliance assessments inconsistently or not at all.
Apply policies and gain a
complete view across the fleet
▪ Accurately assess risk
▪ Prioritize remediation actions
▪ Maintain audit readiness
▪ Create and adjust policies
”
Continuous visibility means that you enter into audits knowing the outcome.
Jon Williams, NIU
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?

46. Step two: Correct
Remediate issues to improve performance and security
▪ Prioritize actions based on impact
▪ Improve application performance
▪ Close security holes
▪ Prove policy compliance
Web &
Media Giant
Can patch 250,000 nodes within 6 hours of a patch being made available
Develop, test, and deploy remediation
to address issues across the fleet
of organizations need days or longer to remediate issues.58%

47. 59%
Step three: Automate
Deploy applications faster and manage risk continuously
▪ Increase speed while reducing
risk
▪ Improve software change
efficiency
▪ Maintain security and compliance
▪ Align DevOps and InfoSec
Every resource and app in HPC environment automatically qualified as
compliant with FDA standards before deployment
of organizations do not assess for compliance until code is running in production.
Deploy applications with
confidence

48. The journey to continuous compliance
Detect
Correct
Automate
1. Detect
Gain visibility and develop baselines
2. Correct
Remediate priority issues
3. Automate
Continuously detect & correct

49. Chef Automate enables the entire journey
Detect
▪ Test against industry benchmarks
▪ Report and address audit needs
Correct
▪ Close detect/correct loop in one platform
▪ Develop baselines for automation
Automate
▪ Detect and correct before production
▪ Single language across DevOps, InfoSec
Chef Automate is a single platform to support the entire journey

50. Dig into the new way of learning about
Chef, Automation, and DevOps.
Self-paced training on Linux and Windows and much more!
learn.chef.io

51. Thanks for listening