Presentation from the Sydney AWS Security Meetup - August 10, 2017. https://www.meetup.com/Sydney-AWS-Security-User-Group/events/239370748/

1. Automating Compliance with InSpec
Sydney AWS Security Meetup
August 10, 2017

2. Matt Ray
Manager, Solutions Architect – APJ
Chef Software
matt@chef.io
@mattray

6. SSH Control
"SSH supports two different protocol
versions.The original version, SSHv1, was
subject to a number of security issues.
Please use SSHv2 instead to avoid
these."

7. How will I verify this?

8. Whip up a one-liner!
grep "^Protocol" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | sed 's/Protocol //'

9. Apache Server Information Leakage
• Description
This Directive Controls wheather Server response field is sent back to clients includes a description of Generic OSType of the
Server.
This allows attackers to identify web servers details greatly and increases the efficiency of any attack,as security vulnerabilities are
dependent upon specific software versions.
• How toTest
In order to test for ServerToken configuration, one should check the Apache configuration file.
• Misconfiguration
ServerTokens Full
• Remediation
Configure the ServerTokens directive in the Apache configuration to value of Prod or ProductOnly.This tells Apache to only
return "Apache" in the Server header, returned on every page request.
ServerTokens Prod
or
ServerTokens ProductOnly
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/SCG_WS_Apache

10. More grep and sed!
grep "^ServerTokens" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | sed 's/ServerTokens //'

16. C
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
c
e

18. Two-thirds of organizations did
not adequately test the security
of all in-scope systems

19. Key Trends
• While individual rule compliance
is up, testing of security systems
is down
• Sustainability is low. Fewer than
a third of companies were found
to be still fully compliant less
than a year after successful
validation.

21. Shell Scripts
grep "^Protocol" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | sed 's/Protocol //'
grep "^ServerTokens" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | sed 's/ServerTokens //'

22. Infrastructure Code
package 'httpd' do
action :install
end
service 'httpd' do
action [ :start, :enable ]
end

23. We Have A Communications Problem

25. Security != Compliance

32. Compliance Language

33. One Language
Linux

34. One Language
Linux,Windows

35. Windows

36. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...

37. Examples of Available Resources
apache_conf
apt
audit_policy
auditd_conf
auditd_rules
bond
bridge
command
crontab
directory
etc_group
file
gem
group
host
inetd_conf
interface
iptables
kernel_module
kernel_parameter
limits_conf
login_defs
mount
mysql_conf
mysql_session
npm
ntp_conf
oneget
os
os_env
package
parse_config
parse_config_file
passwd
pip
port
postgres_conf
postgres_session
powershell
processes
registry_key
security_policy
service
ssh_config
sshd_config
user
windows_feature
yum

38. What is it not?
• IDS / IPS
• Firewall
• Antivirus
• Pentesting tool

39. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal

40. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs

41. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs, Containers

42. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs, Containers
Nodes

43. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases

44. DB Testing

45. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases,APIs

46. Cloud Testing

47. InSpec
> inspec exec test.rb
Test a machine remotely via SSH
> inspec exec test.rb -i identity.key -t ssh://root@172.17.0.1
Test your machine locally
> inspec exec test.rb -t winrm://Admin@192.168.1.2 --password super
Test Docker Container
> inspec exec test.rb -t docker://5cc8837bb6a8
Test a machine remotely via WinRM
AGENTLESS

48. Operating System & Application Coverage
• Microsoft Windows
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux
• Ubuntu Linux
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
• Oracle Enterprise Linux
• AIX
• HP-UX
• Solaris
• VMware ESXi
• MySQL
• Oracle
• PostgreSQL
• Tomcat
• SQL Server
• IIS
• HTTP request

49. One Language
Linux,Windows, BSD, Solaris,AIX, HP-UX, ...
Bare-metal,VMs, Containers
Nodes, Databases,APIs, Cloud Platforms, ...

50. Open Source Community
•https://inspec.io
•https://github.com/chef/inspec
•https://supermarket.chef.io
•https://learn.chef.io
•#inspec in https://chefcommunity.slack.com

51. CONTINUOUS COMPLIANCE AUTOMATION
InSpec - Part of your InfoSec toolchain
FIREWALL ANTIVIRUS
INTRUSION
DETECTION/
PREVENTION
PENETRATION
TESTING

52. Continuous Workflow
Detect
Correct

53. The Chef Automate Platform
Continuous Automation for High Velocity IT
Workflow • Local development • Integration • Tooling (APIs & SDKs)
COLLABORATE
▪ Package
▪ Test
▪ Approve
BUILD
▪ Provision
▪ Configure
▪ Execute
▪ Update
DEPLOY
▪ Secure
▪ Comply
▪ Audit
▪ Measure
▪ Log
MANAGE
Infrastructure Automation Compliance AutomationApplication Automation
OSS AUTOMATION ENGINES
Increase Speed
▪ Package infrastructure and app
configuration as code
▪ Continuously automate
infrastructure and app updates
Improve Efficiency
▪ Define and execute standard
workflows and automation
▪ Audit and measure effectiveness of
automation
Decrease Risk
▪ Define compliance rules as code
▪ Deliver continuous compliance as
part of standard workflow

54. AWS OpsWorks for Chef Automate
Native Amazon Service
Managed Chef Server
▪ Utilizes RDS and other native
services
▪ May be externally accessible
AWS Native
▪ Auto Scaling in your VPC
▪ Automatic backups and upgrades
OpsWorks Stacks
▪ New name for previous version of
OpsWorks
● Partnership between Amazon and Chef, jointly
developed and maintained
● Fully managed AWS service with frequent updates
● Fully compatible with open source Chef
● Amazon is your support and billing
● All Chef Automate features will be supported
○ Visibility and Workflow today
○ Compliance soon
○ Currently Northern Virginia, Oregon & Ireland
with more planned

56. InSpec-AWS
• https://github.com/chef/inspec-aws

57. aws_ec2

58. aws_iam_access_key

59. aws_iam_password_policy

60. aws_iam_root_user

61. aws_iam_user

62. aws_iam_users

63. Dig into the new way of learning about
Chef, Automation, and DevOps.
Self-paced training on Linux and Windows and much more!
learn.chef.io