Mass spectrometry is a technique that converts sample molecules into ions so they can be analyzed based on their mass-to-charge ratio. It involves three main components: an ion source that converts the sample into ions, a mass analyzer that separates the ions based on mass, and a detector that records the results. Mass spectrometry provides precise molecular mass measurements and structural information about compounds that can help identify unknown substances. It is widely used in fields like pharmaceutical analysis, environmental testing, and proteomics.

1. MAHESH KANK
MSC PART 01
ICLES COLLEGE

2. MS is an technique in which sample is converted to rapidly moving positive
ions by electron bombardment
Charged particles are separated according to their masses
A beam of high energy electrons breaks the molecule into fragment that
reveals the information about molecular weight and structural composition
It is most accurate method for determining the molecular mass of the
compound

3. A mass spectrometry consist of three components an ion source , a
mass analyser and a detector
Ionizer : converts the portion of the sample into ions
The ions are then transported by electric or magnetic field
Analyzer : separates molecules based on mass to charge ratio
Detector : finally detects the molecule

4.  Creating ions : ion source is the part of the mass spectrometer that ionizes
the material and Based on the sample the electrical , chemical & electrospray
ionization is applied
Soft ionization and hard ionization
 Mass selection : mass analyser separates the ions according to their mass to
charge ratio
just like ionization method there are several types of mass analysers most
common is TOF and quadrupole analyser
It is based upon the idea that velocity of two ions with kinetic energy will vary
depending upon the mass of ion that is higher ions will have higher velocity
 Detector : the detector records the charge produced or the current produced
when an ion passes by or hits a surface

5.  HPLC is a method for separating a complex mixture into its components
 Mass spectrometry provides structural information
 LC-MS is an technique that combines physical separation capabilities of liquid
chromatography with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry
 instrumentation

6.  Gas chromatography is a technique capable of separating ,detecting and
partially characterizing the organic compound particularly when present in
small quantity
 Mass spectrometry provides structural information from small quantity
 GS-MS is an analytical method that combines the feature of gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances
within a test sample
 instrumentation

7.  Characterization of proteins and protein complexes
 Pharmaceutical analysis
characterization of potential drugs
screening of drug candidates
identifying drug targets
 Environment analysis
soil and ground water contamination

8. Jurgen H. , Mass spectrometry, (2011) , introduction
E. Hoffmann, mass spectrometry principles and applications , john
wiley and sons Ltd. (2007)