Mass spectrometry involves ionizing a sample, separating the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, and detecting the ions. It provides information about molecular weight, structure, and composition. The sample is bombarded with electrons to produce positively charged ions, which are accelerated and deflected by a magnetic field according to their mass. Different types of ions are detected based on their unique mass-to-charge ratios. Mass spectrometry is used to determine molecular formulas, reveal structural units, and prove molecular identities. It is a sensitive technique requiring only a small amount of sample.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine
the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the
degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Molecular weight can be obtained from a very small sample.
It does not involve the absorption or emission of light.
A beam of high-energy electrons breaks the molecule apart.
The masses of the fragments and their relative abundance reveal information about the structure of the molecule
DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR MASS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR FORMULA OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Introduction, Basic Principles, Terminology, Instrumentation, Ionization techniques (EI, CI, FAB, MALDI, and ESI), Mass Analyzer (Magnetic sector instruments, Quadrupole, TOF, and ICR ), and Applications of Mass Spectrometry.
Mass spectrometry is an extremely valuable
analytical technique in which the molecules
in a test sample are converted into gaseous
ions that are subsequently separated in a mass
spectrometer according to their mass-to-charge
ratio (m/z) and detected .
PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF ADMET PROPERTIES OF NEW.pptxMO.SHAHANAWAZ
Detail about PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF ADMET PROPERTIES OF NEW MOLECULES AND IT’S IMPORTANCE IN DRUG DISCOVERY, including DESCRIPTORS OF ADMET PREDICTION, DATASETS USED IN ADMET PREDICTION
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine
the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the
degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Molecular weight can be obtained from a very small sample.
It does not involve the absorption or emission of light.
A beam of high-energy electrons breaks the molecule apart.
The masses of the fragments and their relative abundance reveal information about the structure of the molecule
DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR MASS OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
DETERMINE THE MOLECULAR FORMULA OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Introduction, Basic Principles, Terminology, Instrumentation, Ionization techniques (EI, CI, FAB, MALDI, and ESI), Mass Analyzer (Magnetic sector instruments, Quadrupole, TOF, and ICR ), and Applications of Mass Spectrometry.
Mass spectrometry is an extremely valuable
analytical technique in which the molecules
in a test sample are converted into gaseous
ions that are subsequently separated in a mass
spectrometer according to their mass-to-charge
ratio (m/z) and detected .
PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF ADMET PROPERTIES OF NEW.pptxMO.SHAHANAWAZ
Detail about PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS OF ADMET PROPERTIES OF NEW MOLECULES AND IT’S IMPORTANCE IN DRUG DISCOVERY, including DESCRIPTORS OF ADMET PREDICTION, DATASETS USED IN ADMET PREDICTION
Detail about PROCESS FOR TECHNICAL NITRATION including INTRODUCTION, BATCH NITRATION,BATCH NITRATION OF HYDROCARBONS,MIXED ACID COMPOSITIONS FOR NITRATION
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING.pptxMO.SHAHANAWAZ
Point to point M.pharm CADD presentation on MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING, Dihydro Folate reductase Inhibiter (Methotrexate)
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
2. INTRODUCTION
Mass spectroscopy is one of the primary spectroscopic methods for molecular analysis available to
organic chemist.
It is a micro analytical technique requiring only a few Nano moles of the sample to obtain
characteristic information like structure and molecular weight of analyte.
It is not concerned with non- destructive interaction between molecules and electromagnetic
radiation.
t involves the production and separation of ionized molecules and their ionic decomposition
product and finally the measurement of the relative abundance of different ions produced.
Mass spectroscopy is the most accurate method for determining the molecular mass of the
compound and its elemental composition.
3. Mass spectrometry involves ionizing a sample to create charged particles (ions), separating
the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), and detecting and measuring their
abundance. It provides information about the molecular weight, structure, and composition of
the sample.
1. Mass spectra is used in two general ways:
2. To prove the identity of compounds.
To establish the structure of a new a compound.
The mass spectrum of a compound helps to establish the structure of a new compound in
several different ways:
1. It can give the exact molecular mass.
2. It can give a molecular formula or it can reveal the presence of certain structural units in a
molecule.
4. PRINCIPLES
Ionization:When sample is bombarded with a beam of energetic electrons; an electron
gets removed from the sample leading to a positively charged radical ion also known as
parent ion/molecular ion.
The sample is ionized using various techniques like electron impact, electrospray
ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), or atmospheric
pressure chemical ionization (APCI)
5. Acceleration: The ions are accelerated so that they all have the same kinetic energy
The positive ions are repelled away from the positive ionization chamber and pass through
the slits into a finely focused beam.
Deflection: The ions are then deflected by a magnetic field according to their masses. The
lighter they are, the more they are deflected. The amount of deflection also depends on the
number of positive charges on the ion -The more the ion is charged, the more it gets
deflected.
Different ions are deflected by the magnetic field by different amounts. The amount of
deflection depends on the mass of the ion, lighter ions are deflected more than heavier
ones.
6. Ion Separation: The ions are then separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio
Ion Detection: The separated ions are detected and converted into electrical signals. The ion
detector measures the abundance of different ions based on their m/z values.
Common types of analyzers includes
1. Quadrupole Mass Analyzer.
2. Time of Flight Mass Analyzer(TOF).
3. Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer.
4. Electrostatic Sector Mass Analyzer.
5. Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Analyzers.
6. Ion Cyclotron Resonance.
9. Types of fragmentation
1.Sigma electron ionisation: like homolytic dissociation in 2-butanone
2.Radical site initiation: α-cleavage occurs by donation of an electron to form new bond to
an adjacent atom concomitant with cleavage of other bond to that atom.
10. 3.Charge site initiation: inductive cleavage involves the attraction of an electron pair
by an electronegative heteroatom that ends up as a radical or neutral molecule.
4.Rearrangement: E.g. McLafferty rearrangement Fragmentation involves bond formation as
well as bond breaking.
11. Mass fragmentation rules
1.The nitrogen rule:
A molecular ion has an odd mass it must have an odd number of nitrogen
A molecular ion with an even mass must lack or contain an even number of nitrogen atoms.
2.Stevenson’s rule:
If two fragments are in competition to produce a cation, the fragment with the lowest
ionization energy will be formed more frequently.
12. The Rule of 13:
calculate possible chemical formula for a given molecular mass.
First step: Assume that only carbon and hydrogen are present in the molecule (CH units
having mass of 13).
If the molecular weight of the molecule in question is M, the number of possible CH units
is n:where r is the remainder. The base formula for the molecule is CnH {n+r} .
M/13 = n + r /13
13. Mc-Lafferty rearrangement
The rearrangement involves a six-membered ring transition state in which the carbonyl
group pulls off the gamma proton, splitting the molecule into two pieces. These pieces
consist of an enol radical cation and a neutral alkene fragment.
For Mc-Lafferty rearrangement compound should have following properties
It should have pi electron
1. It should have n electron
2. It should have gama Hydrogen
14.
15. Application of Mc-Lafferty rearrangement
14+12+1+17=44
Group X m/z
Aldehyde H 44
Ketone CH3 44+15-1=58
Acid OH 44+17-1=60
Amide NH2 44+16-1=59
Ester OCH3 44+16+15-1=74