This document discusses earthquake resistant design of masonry buildings. It provides general principles for earthquake resistant structures, including using materials that are not brittle and will resist sudden collapse. It describes various construction systems for masonry, such as unreinforced, reinforced, and confined masonry. Key elements like walls, lintels, floors, and roofs are discussed. Design considerations include using uniformly distributed walls, adequate foundations, reinforced partitions, and limiting spans of cantilever slabs. Overall, masonry buildings can perform well in earthquakes if built with good quality materials and construction according to these design principles.
Earthquake Resistant Building ConstructionRohan Narvekar
This File comprises of a general information and guidelines for construction of Earthquake Resistant buildings, Its a basic study of the same and may help students and learners for overall information of this technology.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
Earthquake Resistant Building ConstructionRohan Narvekar
This File comprises of a general information and guidelines for construction of Earthquake Resistant buildings, Its a basic study of the same and may help students and learners for overall information of this technology.
Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction site where the structure is to be located.
The devastating Effects of earthquake is notable to all. Recently we all saw the destruction of nepal by the same. So if we increasing the resistance of building to earthquake we can reduce its effect as we cannot stop the earthquake!!!
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
The devastating Effects of earthquake is notable to all. Recently we all saw the destruction of nepal by the same. So if we increasing the resistance of building to earthquake we can reduce its effect as we cannot stop the earthquake!!!
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
TIPS:16 - HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?Amar Gohel
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?
(Tip : 16):
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT? (Tip : 16) Prepared By :- AMARDEEP GOHEL DIVYESH BHARKHADA SANGEETA SANGHANI
Field of building: Field of building Mainly two type of building. Engineering Building :- “The building was built according to structural design and architectural feature to protect building against earthquake.” Non-Engineering Building :- “The building was built as non-structural design and architectural feature is known as non-engineering building.”
Type of building acc. to material: Type of building acc. to material Timber building Stone building RCC building Steel building Composite building
Stone masonry: Stone masonry It is the art of building the structures in the stones. In some parts of the country building stones are abundantly available in nature. Those stones when cut and dressed to the proper shapes, provide an economical material for the construction of various structure.
Use of stone masonary: Use of stone masonary Building foundation, Dams Building wall, piers, columns, lintel Light house Domes, Arches Floors, Paving works Railway Ballast
Type of Stone masonry : Type of Stone masonry
Performance of stone masonry against earthquake: Performance of stone masonry against earthquake Bulging Effect :- During earthquake the poor interlocking, uneven load distribution due to uneven size of the stone masonry will create a bulging effect on the stone masonry.
PowerPoint Presentation: The
REBUILT: REBUILT After bulging of stone structure rebuilt will necessary . For rebuilt we can provide connecting stone per 1m of height. Grouting may prepare for fill the voids and making well joint. 1m
rEBUILT: rEBUILT
rEBUILT Video tutorial: rEBUILT Video tutorial How To Repoint Masonry Joints.mp4
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The stone is easily available in nature in huge amount. The stone is very strong in compression. In a past time almost masonry work prepared in stone masonry. The width of stone wall is larger then other. So that in a past time stone masonry is used rather then brick masonry.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY But the stone masonry is poor parfomane in earthquake due to uneven shape, improper size of stone. So that the wall joint is not well prepared and the stone masonry most chances to fail in earthquake.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY Such stone masonry structure was failed in killary earthquake (1993) of magnitude 6.2 Over a 8,000 people died
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The main patterns of earthquake damage include in KILLARI earthquake: A) bulging/separation of walls in the horizontal direction into two distinct wythes (Figure a ), B) separation of walls at corners and T-junctions, (c) separation of poorly constructed roof from walls, and eventual collapse of roof, (d) disintegration of
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar; the term masonry can also refer to the units themselves.
This presentation contains the brief introduction to earthquake,its effect,causes etc..
And case study of kuchha(bhuj),Gujarat Earthquake on 26th january,2001
A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
Earthquake Resistant Designs - Timber and SteelTejas Javery
This presentation gives a general idea about the construction techniques and certain elements that are used in the case of earthquake-resistant structures. It broadly talks about how framing and all is done when it comes to Timber, and about different elements like dampers and all when it comes to steel. (Just giving a broad idea. See the presentation for yourself.)
Was used as an introductory presentation for the Building Construction and Technology class, for Architecture.
This presentation gives a brief idea about how earthquake resistant structures are made, using the materials like timber and steel. You might feel there are only pictures in the presentation, but they are enough to understand the process. if need further help, feel free to contact. :) 07972923439.
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. Introduction
Earthquake Resistant Structures
• Designed to withstand earthquake
• Can’t be entirely immune to damage
• Prevents collapsing
• Limited loss of functionality
Masonry
• Most important construction method
• Can resist loads and environmental impact
• Fire resistant, Durable, Thermal capacity
3. General Principles
• Shouldn’t be brittle or collapse suddenly
• Resisting Elements
• Tied together
• Good foundation
• Good quality material
• Suitably reinforced
4. Cause of Earthquake
Seismic waves
When pieces of crustal rock suddenly slip and move, they release enormous
amounts of energy, which then propagates through the crust as seismic waves.
• P waves
• S waves
5. Design Philosophy
• Under minor but frequent shaking, the main members of
the buildings that carry vertical and horizontal forces
should not be damaged; however buildings parts that do
not carry load may sustain repairable damage.
• Under moderate but occasional shaking, the main
members may sustain repairable damage, while the other
parts that do not carry load may sustain repairable
damage.
• Under strong but rare shaking, the main members may
sustain severe damage, but the building should not
collapse.
7. Designing Masonry Buildings
Masonry has been popular through the ages for its fire
resistance, its thermal capacity and its durability.
Use of strong mortars, high strength masonry, added
reinforcement, improved detailing and the
introduction of good anchorage between masonry
walls and floors and roofs have enhanced the
resistance of masonry to seismic stress.
10. Confined Masonry
This is a construction system where masonry structural walls are
surrounded on all four sides with reinforced concrete.
Figure: Methods of confining masonry
11. Walls
• Walls are to be uniformly distributed along each principal axis of
the plan.
• The minimum thickness of structural walls should be 240 mm. The
total cross-sectional area of structural walls along each of the two
axes should not be less than 3% of the gross floor area.
• Adequate foundations and good anchorage between walls and
floors are essential.
• Distances between structural walls of reinforced masonry should
not be more than 6m; distances in confined masonry should not
be more than 8m.
• Partitions should be reinforced with 6 mm ø bars placed at the bed
joints with vertical spacing of 600 mm in order to prevent their
out-of-plane instability.
General Principles
12. Lintels
Lintels should have a minimum of 250 mm bearing length at both ends to
prevent local collapse due to crushing of supports during an earthquake. The
width of a lintel should not be less than150 mm.
In the case of openings larger in
area than 2.5 m2, the lintel
should be anchored to the tie
columns as shown in Figure (a)
If the distance between top of lintel
and underside of beam above is less
than 60 cm, the two should be
united as shown in Figure (b).
13. Floors and Roofs
During earthquakes, floors and roofs should act as rigid horizontal
diaphragms, which distribute the seismic forces among structural walls
in proportion to their stiffness.
Tie Beams
The function of tie beams is to transfer horizontal shear induced by the
earthquakes from the floor and roof to the structural walls. They
connect the structural walls with each other and improve the rigidity of
the horizontal diaphragms.
14. Cantilever Slabs and Overhangs
These elements can cause harmful vertical vibration during heavy
earthquakes. To reduce this, spans should not exceed those shown on
Figure below.
15. Concluding Remarks
Masonry buildings have performed well in several earthquakes worldwide. This
construction practice is widely used in many countries and regions for the
following reasons:
It is based on traditional construction practice;
It does not require highly qualified labour (as is the case with RC frame
construction);
It has a broad range of applications - it can be used for single-family
houses as well as for medium-rise apartment buildings.
Good earthquake performance is based on the following premises:
Use of good quality materials,
Good quality concrete and masonry construction, and
• Simple architectural design.