Benefits of Building With Masonry

BENEFITS OF
BUILDING
WITH MASONRY

presented by
International Masonry Institute

International Union International
of Bricklayers and Masonry
Allied Craftworkers Institute

LIFELONG LEARNING
Pre-job and apprentice training
Journeyman upgrade training
Safety, scaffold, OSHA training
Craftworker
certification training
Supervisor certification
Sustainable Masonry
Certification Program
Contractor College

International Union International
of Bricklayers and Masonry
Allied Craftworkers Institute

BAC CONTRACTORS

IMI-TRAINED CRAFTWORKERS

ILLINOIS STRUCTURAL MASONRY COALTION

BENEFITS OF BUILDING WITH MASONRY
Beauty
Versatility of Design
Contextual / Relatable
Ease of Construction
Structural
Fire & Impact Resistant
Durable / Low Maintenance
Economical
Sustainable
Energy Efficient
High Performance
Acoustic
Qualified Local Labor

BENEFITS OF MASONRY:
DESIGN VERSATILITY
BEAUTY

DESIGN VERSATILITY: ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

DESIGN VERSATILITY: BONDING PATTERNS

RUNNING BOND STACKED BOND COMMON BOND (AMERICAN BOND)

ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND ENGLISH CROSS BOND

1/3 BOND (UTILITY BRICK) GARDEN WALL


SOLDIERS STACKED BOND


HERRINGBONE

BASKETWEAVE

DESIGN VERSATILITY:
RECESSED / PROJECTED COURSES

DESIGN VERSATILITY: QUOIN CORNERS

DESIGN VERSATILITY: ARCHES

CORBELED ARCH

AND IF YOU THINK OF BRICK,
FOR INSTANCE
AND YOU SAY TO BRICK,
“WHAT DO YOU WANT,
BRICK?”

AND BRICK SAYS TO YOU
“I LIKE AN ARCH”

AND IF YOU SAY TO BRICK,
“LOOK, ARCHES ARE EXPENSIVE.
CAN I USE A CONCRETE
LINTEL OVER YOU?
WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THAT?
BRICK?

BRICK SAYS:
I LIKE AN ARCH

- LOUIS I. KHAN

ARCH TYPES

ROMAN (SEMICIRCULAR) SEGMENTAL JACK (FLAT)

GOTHIC (POINTED) ELLIPTICAL

DESIGN VERSATILITY: RADIAL BRICKWORK

DESIGN VERSATILITY: MORTAR JOINTS
18%
18.00% MORTAR 12%
12.21% MORTAR

ONE SQUARE FOOT ONE SQUARE FOOT
MODULAR BRICK, RUNNING BOND UTILITY BRICK, RUNNING BOND

BED JOINTS 4 @ 12” x 3/8” = 18.000 SQ. IN.
HEAD JOINTS 8 @ 2.3125” x 3/8” = 6.938 SQ. IN. 3 @ 12” x 3/8” = 13.500 SQ. IN.
2 @ 1.3125” x 3/8” = 0.984 SQ. IN. 3 @ 3.625” x 3/8” = 4.078 SQ. IN.
25.922 SQ. IN. MORTAR 17.578 SQ. IN. MORTAR

ELEVATIONS MORTAR JOINT MATERIAL TAKEOFF
DIAGRAM 01.410.0311 REV. 08/10/09


concave vee raked beaded flush

grapevine weathered struck weeping


concave vee

DESIGN VERSATILITY:
MATERIAL COMBINATIONS & JUXTAPOSITIONS

HUMAN SCALE
CONTEXTUAL
ENHANCES COMMUNITY

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: EASE OF CONSTRUCTION

MODULARITY

8”

8” 8”

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: ADAPTABILITY OF UNITS

Masonry is adaptable to inconsistencies and field changes

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: HEIGHT LIMITATIONS

“It is generally better to have all the panels near-
ly the same height, and less than 30 feet high.”
-Tilt-Up Concrete Association

With proper support, masonry walls
can reach great heights

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: HEIGHT LIMITATIONS

Masonry can easily accommodate varying wall heights and configurations.

© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION:
WINDOW AND DOOR LIMITATIONS

“Openings must be located a minimum Place openings virtually anywhere in
distance from the panel edge of 1/8 the a masonry wall.
eave height or 2 feet, whichever is less.”
-Tilt-Up Concrete Association

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SITE CONSTRAINTS

Tilt-Up concrete requires relatively flat
terrain, away from power lines, ditches,
other buildings, railroad tracks, and other
obstructions that could limit crane access.
Masonry is right at home on sites
-Tilt-Up Concrete Association that are tight and difficult to access

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SEQUENCING

Crane access and braces can impede tilt-up construction until roof
diaphragm is attached


Masonry work can begin as soon as footings are installed


Bricklayers work from scaffold outside the building, rarely interfering
with other trades

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION:
COLD WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS

Since tilt-up walls are cast outdoors, Masonry can easily be constructed
pouring and curing becomes difficult when temperatures are below freezing
and expensive when temperatures if cold-weather procedures are
drop below freezing. followed.

EASE OF CONSTRUCTION: SCHEDULE-FRIENDLY

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: STRUCTURAL

STRUCTURAL:
GROUTED & REINFORCED LOADBEARING BLOCK

HYBRID MASONRY & STEEL

Garden Hills Elementary School, Champaign, IL BLDD Architects

BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
DETAIL FEATURES
• PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM
• CUT BLOCK AROUND BEAM
MASONRY
DETAILING
HEAD DETAIL PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM SERIES
DETAIL 01.304 REV. 09/27/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org

BRICK & BLOCK CAVITY WALL
INTERIOR VIEW

EXTERIOR VIEW
MASONRY
DETAILING
HEAD DETAIL STEEL LINTEL & BOND BEAM SERIES
DETAIL 01.301 REV. 09/04/07 800-IMI-0988 www.imiweb.org

SPANNING OPENINGS

Poly-wrapped steel angles used for temporary support

CAST-IN-PLACE MASONRY LINTEL

SPANNING OPENINGS

Precast masonry lintel fabricated on the ground

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

Lintel is hoisted by lift

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

Precast lintel set into place

PRECAST LINTELS

SPANNING OPENINGS

10-foot span

PRECAST LINTELS

IMPACT RESISTANCE

.38 cal from 15 feet

DURABLE / LOW MAINTENANCE

BUILDING REUSE

DURABLE / LOW MAINTENANCE

Interior masonry partition walls never need painting.

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: COMPETITIVE COSTS

BENEFITS OF MASONRY: SUSTAINABLE

MASONRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY:

“Meeting the needs of the
present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.”

ASTM E 2114-06a, “Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to
the Performance of Buildings,” Vol. 4.12, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2006

FACILITY LIFE CYCLE

Facility evaluation may
identify needs that lead
to expansion, remodel-
ing, renovation, or
restoration of an
existing facility to
accommodate growth
or changes in function;
or may result in
abandonment,
deconstruction, sale, or
adaptive reuse of an
existing facility.

Project Resource Manual – CSI Manual of Practice

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN TOPICS
www.aia.org FAQs

Q: What topics are considered as Sustainable Design topics?
A:
Active Solar Thermal Systems Energy-Saving Appliances and Safety and Security Systems
Alternative Energy Equipment (defensive planting, innovative
Alternative Transportation Environmental Education design, defensive space)
Appropriate Size and Growth Geoexchange Smart Controls
Biomimicry Green Roofs Space Zoning
Building Form High-Efficiency Equipment Staff Training (tech. training, only)
Building Monitoring Indoor Environmental Quality Sun Shading
Building Orientation Integrated Project Delivery Systems Commissioning
Carbon Offsets Life Cycle Assessment Systems Tune-Up
Cavity Walls for Insulating Airspace Mass Absorption Thermal Bridging
Co-Generation Material Selection and Embodied Total Building Commissioning
Conserving Systems and Equipment Energy Vegetation for Sun Control
Contract Documents Natural Ventilation Walkable Communities
(related to sustainable design) Open, Active, Daylit Space Waste-Heat Recovery
Construction Waste Management Passive Solar Collection Opportunities Water Conservation
Cool Roofs Photovoltaics Windows and Openings
Deconstruction and Salvage Prefabrication Green Specifications
Materials Preservation/Reuse of Existing Zoning, regulatory, codes
Daylighting Facilities
Earth Sheltering Radiant Heating and Cooling
Efficient Artificial Lighting Renewable Energy Resources
Efficient Site Lighting Systems Rightsizing Equipment
Energy Modeling
Energy Source Ramifications

SUSTAINABLE SITES LEED v. 3
Potential
contribution
of masonry

5 points

1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point

26 24 28 10 points

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE LEED v. 3
Potential
contribution
of masonry

19 points

35 points 33 points 37 points 19 points

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED v. 3
Potential
contribution
of masonry

3 points

5 points

1 point
2 points
2 points
2 points
2 points

12 points, NC
14 13 13 11 points, SCH
13 points, CS

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEED v. 3
Potential
contribution
of masonry

1 point

1 point
1 point
1 point

1 point
1 point

5 points, NC
1 point 6 points, SCHOOLS
4 points, CS
15 23 12

INNOVATION & DESIGN LEED v. 3

Potential
contribution
of masonry
5 points

6 points 5 points 6 points 5 points NC
4 points SCH
5 points CS

ABUNDANT MATERIALS
Example: Project uses clay brick; clay is abundant

MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE

MATERIALS & RESOURCES
Case Study: Walsh Construction Headquarters,
Chicago, IL

MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE

Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL

Common brick facade removed. New face brick installed on
existing concrete structure.

MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE


Common brick from facade is preserved and cleaned.

MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE


Common brick used as interior finish at corridor walls
and elevator lobbies.

MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2

RECYCLED CONTENT

MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2

RECYCLED CONTENT

Example: Project uses brick
made with fly ash aggregate

“Recycled Material: 40%
fly ash by weight… pre-
consumer”

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

R-Value

Thermal Mass

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

R-Value is the resistance to heat flow.
HEAT heat

Thermal mass, or the
heat storage ability of the wall,
is not considered in the R-Value.
heat HEAT

MASS WALLS
Exterior insul., Exterior mass,
interior mass interior insulation

Exterior mass, Exterior insul.,
core insulation, core mass,
interior mass interior insulation

“Masonry or concrete walls having a mass greater than or equal to
30 lb/ft2 are defined by IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 as massive walls.”

Interior Insulation Cavity Insulation Inserts at CMU Foamed-in-Place

Granular Fill Exterior Insulation Insulation at Multiple
INSULATING MASONRY WALLS Locations Within Wall
DETAIL 08.300 REV. 02/14/09

THERMAL MASS BENEFITS

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
6-HR LAG

2-HR LAG

DAMPING
HEAT
GAINS

HEAT
LOSSES

3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 12AM
Source: National Concrete Masonry Association

BENEFIT OF MASONRY:
HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENVELOPE

HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING ENVELOPE

ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE


Acoustic CMUs can provide sound control for a better indoor learning and
working environment
Much like a car muffler, the closed-end cavities resonate sound waves and
convert them harmlessly to heat


Homewood – Flossmoor High School, Flossmoor, Illinois

SKILLED BRICKLAYERS AND CONTRACTORS

WE WOULD TAKE THAT
DESPISED OUTCAST OF THE
BUILDING INDUSTRY
THE CONCRETE BLOCK
OUT FROM UNDERFOOT,
FROM THE GUTTER
FIND HITHERTO
UNSUSPECTED SOUL IN IT
MAKE IT LIVE AS A
THING OF BEAUTY
TEXTURED LIKE THE TREES.

YES, THE BUILDING WOULD
BE MADE OF THE BLOCKS
AS A KIND OF TREE ITSELF
STANDING AT HOME
AMONG THE OTHER TREES
IN ITS OWN NATIVE LAND.
- FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

SINGLE WYTHE STRUCTURAL INSULATED CMU

AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC)

38 lbs 28 lbs 18 lbs

8x8x16 normal 8x8x16 light 8x8x16 AAC
weight block weight block AC-4 block
(140 pcf) (105 pcf) (31 pcf)


• Firewalls
• Loadbearing walls
• Back-up walls
• Interior partitions
• Stair enclosures
• Elevator shafts
• Column wraps
• Shafts & chutes
• Floors & roofs


Bricklayers route electrical chase in AAC

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

CONCRETE BLOCK BACKUP

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

AIR BARRIER

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

ALUMINUM CLIP ANGLES

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

RIGID INSULATION

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

TRACK W/ TULIP GASKET & CLIPS

RAINSCREEN CLADDING

TERRA COTTA PANELS

LIGHTWEIGHT REINFORCED STONE PANELS

THEREFORE WHEN WE BUILD,
LET US THINK THAT WE BUILD FOR EVER.
LET IT NOT BE FOR PRESENT DELIGHT,
NOR FOR PRESENT USE ALONE;

LET IT BE SUCH WORK AS
OUR DESCENDANTS WILL THANK US FOR.

AND LET US THINK
AS WE LAY STONE UPON STONE,
THAT A TIME IS TO COME

WHEN THOSE STONES WILL BE HELD SACRED
BECAUSE OUR HANDS HAVE TOUCHED THEM,

AND THAT MEN WILL SAY
AS THEY LOOK UPON THE LABOUR
AND WROUGHT SUBSTANCE OF THEM,
“SEE! THIS OUR FATHERS DID FOR US.”
John Ruskin, 1849 The Seven Lamps of Architecture

Benefits of Building With Masonry

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (6)

Similar to Benefits of Building With Masonry

Similar to Benefits of Building With Masonry (20)

More from Scott Conwell, FAIA, FCSI

More from Scott Conwell, FAIA, FCSI (11)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Benefits of Building With Masonry