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MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
This presentation discusses marker assisted selection (MAS), a method for indirect plant breeding selection. MAS uses molecular markers linked to traits of interest, like disease resistance or yield, to select plants without observing the trait itself. The presentation defines MAS and different types of molecular markers like RFLPs, SSLPs, AFLPs. It outlines the steps of MAS, including selecting parents, developing breeding populations, isolating DNA, scoring markers, and correlating markers with traits. Benefits of MAS include high accuracy, allowing selection of traits affected by environment. Examples of using MAS in crops like barley, maize, rice and wheat are also provided.
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MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION
- 2. PRESENTED BY GANESH H S PG17AGR9116 DEPARTMENTOF PLANT PATHOLOGY
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- 4. AREAS OF PRESENTATION •INTRODUCTION •MARKERASSISTED SELECTION •TYPES OF MARKERS •FEATURES OF M.A.S. •STEPS IN M.A.S. •MERITS AND DEMERITS •CASE STUDY
- 5. INTRODUCTION •Any property ofan individual showing heritable variation is referred to as CHARACTER •QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE •MARKER CHARACTERS
- 6. WHAT IS M.A.S.? “Markerassisted selection or Marker aided selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker (morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation) linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality), rather than on the trait itself.”
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- 8. TYPES OF MARKERS •MorphologicalMarkers:- these are releated to size, shape, colour and surface of various plant parts •Cytological Markers:- such markers are releated to variations in chromosomes morphology •Biochemical Markers:- such markers are releated to variations in protein and amino acid banding patterns. •DNA markers:- they are related to variation in DNA fragments genrated by restriction end nuclease enzyme
- 9. DNA MARKERS •RFLP -Restriction fragment length polymorphism •SSLP - Simple sequence length polymorphism •AFLP - Amplified fragment length polymorphism •RAPD- Random amplification of polymorphic DNA •VNTR -Variable number tandem repeat •SNP - Single nucleotide polymorphism •STR - Short tandem repeat •SFP -Single feature polymorphism
- 10. DNA MARKERS INCROP IMPROMENT •Germplasm characterization •Varietal identification •Tracing genetic origin of crop plants •Gene tagging •Genome mapping •MAS
- 11. BREESDING POPULATION USEDTO IDENTIFY MARKER NEAR ISO GENIC LINE(NIL) INTROGRESSION LINE BULK SEGREGATION ANALYSIS 11
- 13. PROPERTIES OF IDEALMARKERS •Easy recognition of all possible phenotypes from all different alleles •Abundant in number •Low or null interaction among the markers allowing the use of many at the same time in a segregating population •Testing for the marker does not have variable success depending on the allele at the marker locus or the allele at the target locus •Polymorphic
- 15. FEATURES OF M.A.S. APPLICATION HIGHACCURACY RAPID METHOD ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT PERMITS QTL TAGGING LABORATORY
- 19. PROCEDURE FOR MAS SELECTIONOF PARENTS DEVELOPMENT OF BREEDING POPULATION ISOLATION OF DNA FROM EACH PLANT Scoring RFLPs COORELATION WITH MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
- 20. SELECTION OF PARENTS •Contrastingcharacters OR Divergent origin •HOMOZYGOUS •Self pollinated (homozygous) •Cross pollinated (inbreed lines)
- 21. DEVELOPMENT OF BREEDINGPOPULATION •The selected parents are crossed to obtain F1 •50-100 F2 Plants are sufficient for the study of segregation of RFLP markers.
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- 26. EXAMPLES OF M.A.S. CROPCHARACTER Gene/QTL MAS Barley BYDV resistance Leaf rust resistance Yd2 Rphq6 STS AFLP Maize Corn borer resistance QTLs on 2HL RFLPs Rice BLB resistance BLAST resistance Xa21, xa5 Pi1 STS, SSR SSR Wheat Powdry mildew resistance 22 Pm genes AFLP
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- 33. • Ribaut, J.-M.et al., Genetic basis of physiological traits. In Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding, CIMMYT, Mexico, 2001. • Ribaut, J.-M. and Hoisington, D. A., Marker assisted selection: new tools and strategies. Trends Plant Sci., 1998, 3, 236–239. •Rosyara, U.R. 2006. REQUIREMENT OF ROBUST MOLECULAR MARKER TECHNOLOGY FOR PLANT BREEDING APPLICATIONS.Journal of Plant Breed. Gr. 1: 67 – 72.
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