This document discusses marker-assisted selection (MAS) and its applications in important crops. It defines MAS as using molecular markers linked to traits of interest to indirectly select for those traits. The key types of markers are described as morphological, biochemical, cytological, biological, and DNA-based. Steps in MAS include mapping the gene/QTL of interest and using closely linked markers for selection. Advantages are listed as allowing selection at early stages and with high reliability. Applications discussed in rice include developing varieties resistant to bacterial blight and submergence. In sorghum and cotton, MAS has been used to develop resistance to striga, shoot fly, and rootknot nematode. MAS in wheat has
To handle complex Traits like Yield, different stress we must do modification in DNA molecular breeding techniques help us to do such changes in DNA to archive the Goals.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
Banoth Madhu: Marker Assisted Breeding in Rice. Advances in genetic studies have developed molecular techniques, thereby allowing marker-assisted breeding (MAB) for improved eating and cooking qualities in rice. MAB has gained the attention of rice breeders for the advantages it can offer that conventional breeding cannot.
To handle complex Traits like Yield, different stress we must do modification in DNA molecular breeding techniques help us to do such changes in DNA to archive the Goals.
Deployment of broad spectrum resistance against rice blast which includes gene pyramiding, deployment, transgenic approaches, marker assisted back cross breeding, pedigree by using major R genes and QTLs and phytoalexin genes.
Banoth Madhu: Marker Assisted Breeding in Rice. Advances in genetic studies have developed molecular techniques, thereby allowing marker-assisted breeding (MAB) for improved eating and cooking qualities in rice. MAB has gained the attention of rice breeders for the advantages it can offer that conventional breeding cannot.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker linked to a trait of interest, rather than on the trait itself. This process has been extensively researched and proposed for plant and animal breeding.Marker-assisted breeding uses DNA markers associated with desirable traits to select a plant or animal for inclusion in a breeding program early in its development. ... This genetic test is helping breeders to select for hornless cattle, which makes it safer for the animals themselves and the people handling them.
Marker assisted selection is the breeding strategy in which selection for a gene is based on molecular markers closely linked to the gene of interest rather than the gene itself, and the markers are used to monitor the incorporation of the desirable allele from the donor source. Selection of a genotype carrying desirable gene via linked marker (s) is called Marker Assisted Selection. MAS can be applied to possible to use this kind of information.
The prerequisites for the classical procedure of MAS are the tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of interest and high heritability of the gene of interest. It is noteworthy that the “quality” and the number of markers have a major impact on the success of MAS. The quality of markers relates to their characteristics and to the cost and the efficiency of the genotyping process. The number of markers affects the reliability of the linkage between them and the gene(s). In other words, screening a large number of markers has the potential to identify close and reliable linkage between the marker and the gene of interest. MAS has greater potential for efficient gene pyramiding combining several important genes in one cultivar. MAS is gaining considerable importance as it can improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest and acceleration of the recovery of the recurrent parent genome. Marker-assisted selection is gaining considerable importance as it would improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest (foreground selection) and accelerating the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection). The use of MAS in crop improvement will not only reduce the cost of developing new varieties but will also increase the precision and efficiency of selection in the breeding program as well as lessen the number of years required to come up with a new crop variety.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Identification of ...ICRISAT
Although breeders have been doing their best to produce peanuts with higher resistance to aflatoxin, their efforts have not been very successful. One of the main reasons for this is limited knowledge and information available on the three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut and their associated genes: (1) resistance to in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), (2) resistance to pre-harvest seed infection, and (3) resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin production (PAC).
Recent Milestones Achieved in Rice Genomes: Hurdles and Future Strategies by ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Rice is an important crop among the other cereals and considered as the model crop for function genomic studies. The rice genome size is very small 389m. The simplicity protocol of genetic transformation, physical and molecular map also developed. The recent advancement in genome sequencing and genome editing technologies has enabled us to demonstrate the potential and function of various genes for rice improvement. This spotlight presents the comprehensive overview the modern tools and resources for advance in rice genome to develop elite rice genotype which have potential tolerance against multi stresses. However, we argue the next step of rice functional genome improvement, draft genome refinement and resequencing of rice broad diversity panel genome with highly efficient technology and multidisciplinary integrated approaches to inferring gene function and future rice improvement program.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000564.php
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For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
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Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: From Discovery to ...ICRISAT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume crop after soybean, accounting for a substantial proportion of human dietary nitrogen intake and playing a crucial role in food security in developing countries. We report the∼ 738-Mb draft whole genome shotgun sequence of CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea variety, which contains an estimated 28,269 genes. Resequencing and analysis of 90 cultivated and wild genotypes from ten countries identifies targets of both breeding-associated genetic sweeps and breeding-associated balancing selection. Candidate genes for disease resistance and agronomic traits are highlighted, including traits that distinguish the two main market classes of cultivated chickpea—desi and kabuli.
Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ssaTropical Legumes III
#DYK the benefits of legumes: It intensify cropping systems as double, catch, relay and intercrops; Provide ‘free’ nitrogen to soils through atmospheric nitrogen fixation; Act as break crops for disease and pest cycles; Increase and diversify smallholder farmers’ incomes and Increase household diet quality with plant proteins and micronutrients.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker linked to a trait of interest, rather than on the trait itself. This process has been extensively researched and proposed for plant and animal breeding.Marker-assisted breeding uses DNA markers associated with desirable traits to select a plant or animal for inclusion in a breeding program early in its development. ... This genetic test is helping breeders to select for hornless cattle, which makes it safer for the animals themselves and the people handling them.
Marker assisted selection is the breeding strategy in which selection for a gene is based on molecular markers closely linked to the gene of interest rather than the gene itself, and the markers are used to monitor the incorporation of the desirable allele from the donor source. Selection of a genotype carrying desirable gene via linked marker (s) is called Marker Assisted Selection. MAS can be applied to possible to use this kind of information.
The prerequisites for the classical procedure of MAS are the tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of interest and high heritability of the gene of interest. It is noteworthy that the “quality” and the number of markers have a major impact on the success of MAS. The quality of markers relates to their characteristics and to the cost and the efficiency of the genotyping process. The number of markers affects the reliability of the linkage between them and the gene(s). In other words, screening a large number of markers has the potential to identify close and reliable linkage between the marker and the gene of interest. MAS has greater potential for efficient gene pyramiding combining several important genes in one cultivar. MAS is gaining considerable importance as it can improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest and acceleration of the recovery of the recurrent parent genome. Marker-assisted selection is gaining considerable importance as it would improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest (foreground selection) and accelerating the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection). The use of MAS in crop improvement will not only reduce the cost of developing new varieties but will also increase the precision and efficiency of selection in the breeding program as well as lessen the number of years required to come up with a new crop variety.
Indira Gandhi Institute for Development Studies(IGIDR), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on
‘Harnessing Opportunities to Improve Agri-Food Systems’ on July 24-25 , 2014 in New Delhi.
The two day conference aims to discuss the agricultural priority of the government and develop a road map to realise these priorities for improved agri food systems.
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Identification of ...ICRISAT
Although breeders have been doing their best to produce peanuts with higher resistance to aflatoxin, their efforts have not been very successful. One of the main reasons for this is limited knowledge and information available on the three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut and their associated genes: (1) resistance to in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), (2) resistance to pre-harvest seed infection, and (3) resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin production (PAC).
Recent Milestones Achieved in Rice Genomes: Hurdles and Future Strategies by ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Rice is an important crop among the other cereals and considered as the model crop for function genomic studies. The rice genome size is very small 389m. The simplicity protocol of genetic transformation, physical and molecular map also developed. The recent advancement in genome sequencing and genome editing technologies has enabled us to demonstrate the potential and function of various genes for rice improvement. This spotlight presents the comprehensive overview the modern tools and resources for advance in rice genome to develop elite rice genotype which have potential tolerance against multi stresses. However, we argue the next step of rice functional genome improvement, draft genome refinement and resequencing of rice broad diversity panel genome with highly efficient technology and multidisciplinary integrated approaches to inferring gene function and future rice improvement program.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000564.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For more articles on journal of agronomy and crop science please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/
Riceplus Magazine s in rice and allied sectors,
Promote the Concept of Knowledge Economy
Dear Sir/Madam,
YOUR IDEA has a great worth---JUST share it through
RICE PLUS
5000+ stakeholders of rice industry read and apply various ideas and analysis written by the authors. Be the part of Rice plus authors
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3. Referring your friends to Rice plus
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6. Subscribe Rice plus for your organization
Regards
Quartelry Riceplus Magazine Shares developments in rice and allied sectors,
Promote the Concept of Knowledge Economy
Dear Sir/Madam,
YOUR IDEA has a great worth---JUST share it through
RICE PLUS
5000+ stakeholders of rice industry read and apply various ideas and analysis written by the authors. Be the part of Rice plus authors
Access Magazine issue on Click Or save on your Desktop
Click here to access Rice plus Magazine
You can participate as:
1. Producing good piece of write up
2. Giving your product ad in Rice plus
3. Referring your friends to Rice plus
4. Promoting to new readers and writers
5. Making Rice plus you media manager
6. Subscribe Rice plus for your organization
Hamid Malik
Editor in Chief
+92 300 4142493
indus_pak@hotmail.com
For Write ups
Rozeen Shaukat
Managing Editor
riceplus@irp.edu.pk
For Subscription and Advertisement
Mujahid Ali
+92 321 369 2874
mujahid.riceplus@gmail.com
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: From Discovery to ...ICRISAT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume crop after soybean, accounting for a substantial proportion of human dietary nitrogen intake and playing a crucial role in food security in developing countries. We report the∼ 738-Mb draft whole genome shotgun sequence of CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea variety, which contains an estimated 28,269 genes. Resequencing and analysis of 90 cultivated and wild genotypes from ten countries identifies targets of both breeding-associated genetic sweeps and breeding-associated balancing selection. Candidate genes for disease resistance and agronomic traits are highlighted, including traits that distinguish the two main market classes of cultivated chickpea—desi and kabuli.
Advances in legume breeding for better livelihoods of smallholder farmers in ssaTropical Legumes III
#DYK the benefits of legumes: It intensify cropping systems as double, catch, relay and intercrops; Provide ‘free’ nitrogen to soils through atmospheric nitrogen fixation; Act as break crops for disease and pest cycles; Increase and diversify smallholder farmers’ incomes and Increase household diet quality with plant proteins and micronutrients.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
MAS in field crops
1.
2. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Post Graduate Institute, Akola
Department of Vegetable Science
Breeding for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance
GP-510
Title :- Utilizing MAS procedures for identifying resistant
types in important crops like Rice, Sorghum, Wheat, Cotton.
Submitted to :
Dr. Swati P. B
Associate professor
Dept. of Agricultural Botany
PGI, Akola
Submitted by :
S Joginder Singh
M. Sc 1st year
Dept. of Vegetable Science
PGI, Akola
10-04-2023 2
S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ]
3. What is MAS ?
• Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection
(MAS) is a process where a marker is used for indirect
selection of a trait of interest.
• It is a indirect selection method.
• Trait of interest is selected based on marker linked to it.
Pre-Requisites:
(i) a tight linkage between molecular marker and gene of
interest.
(ii) high heritability of the gene of interest.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 3
5. 1) Morphological
• Markers that have obvious impact on morphology of
plant.
Ex:-
1. Presence or absence of awn.
2. Leaf sheath colouration.
3. Height.
4. Grain colour.
5. Aroma of rice etc.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 5
6. 2) Biochemical
• A gene that encodes a protein that can be extracted and
observed.
• Any plant tissue can be used as sample.
Ex:-Isozymes and storage proteins.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 6
7. 3) Cytological
• The chromosomal banding produced by different stains .
Ex:- G banding.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 7
8. 4) Biological
• Different pathogen races or insect biotypes based on
host pathogen or host parasite interaction can be
used as a marker since the genetic constitution of
an organism can affect its susceptibility to
pathogens or parasites.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 8
9. 5) DNA-based / Molecular
• A unique (DNA sequence),
occurring in proximity to the
gene or locus of interest, can
be identified by a range of
molecular techniques such
as RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLP,
DAF, SCARs, microsatellites
etc.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 9
10. Important properties of ideal markers
for MAS
• Easy recognition of all possible phenotypes.
• Demonstrates measurable differences in expression
between trait types, early in the development of the
organism.
• Has no effect on the trait of interest.
• Low or null interaction among the markers allowing the
use of many at the same time.
• Abundant in number.
• Polymorphic.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 10
11. Steps for MAS
• The first step is to map the gene or quantitative trait locus (QTL) of interest
first by using different techniques and then use this information for marker
assisted selection.
• The markers to be used should be close to gene of interest (<5
recombination unit or cM) in order to ensure that only minor fraction of
the selected individuals will be recombinants.
• Not only a single marker but rather two markers are used in order to
reduce the chances of an error due to homologous recombination.
• For example, if two flanking markers are used at same time with an interval
between them of approximately 20cM, there is higher probability (99%) for
recovery of the target gene.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 11
12. Advantages of marker-assisted selection
Marker-assisted selection may greatly increase the
efficiency and effectiveness for breeding compared to
conventional breeding.
The fundamental advantages of MAS compared to
conventional phenotypic selection are:
• Simpler compared to phenotypic screening
• Selection may be carried out at seedling stage
• Single plants may be selected with high reliability.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 12
13. MAS in Rice
• Pyramiding of bacterial blight
gene Xa5, Xa21, Xa13 by
Khush group, IRRI and two
resistant rice varieties
developed.
Ex:- Amgke, Conde in Indonesia.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 13
14. MAS in Rice continued -
The Swarna Sub-1 line has been
developed by marker assisted
backcross breeding, involving
Swarna as recurrent parent and
FR-13A as donor parent for
submergence tolerance by D. J.
Mackill and group at IRRI.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 14
15. MAS in Rice continued -
• At IARI, Dr. N. K. Singh and
group (2003) had combined
bacterial blight resistance and
basmati quality characteristics
by marker assisted backcross
breeding in Pusa Basmati-1.
• It is the first early
maturing basmati rice variety.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 15
16. MAS in Rice continued -
• Pusa Basmati 1637: It is a near
isogenic line of Pusa Basmati 1
incorporated with blast resistance
gene Pi9 through marker assisted
backcross breeding.
• Pusa Basmati 1609: It is the first
Basmati rice variety developed by
pyramiding blast resistance genes
Piz5 and Pi54 through MAS which
showed resistance to leaf and neck
blast
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 16
17. MAS in Rice continued -
• Improved Samba Mahsuri (RP Bio-226) was
developed by scientists from CSIR-CCMB
(Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology) and
the ICAR-IIRR (Indian Institute of Rice
Research).
• The variety was developed using Marker
assisted selection and has three major
bacterial blight resistance genes Xa21, xa13
and xa5.
• The rice has the lowest Glycemic Index (GI) at
50.9 (suitable for people with diabetics).
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 17
18. MAS in Sorghum
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 18
• In Sudan four Striga-resistant varieties
in the genetic backgrounds of popular,
but striga-susceptible, improved
sorghum varieties “Tabat”, “Wad
Ahmed” and “AG8”.
• These four experimental varieties were
developed using marker assisted
backcrossing “ASARECA.T1”
(T1BC3S4); “ASARECA.W2 Striga”
W2BC3S4; “ASARECA.AG3”
AG2BC3S4; and “ASARECA.AG4”
(AG6BC3S4).
19. MAS in Sorghum contined…
• One to four Striga
resistances QTL were
introgressed successfully
in the SAMSORG39 and
DANYANA sorghum
variety grown in Nigeria.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 19
20. MAS in Sorghum contined…
• Six improved shoot fly
resistance ILs were
produced from three crosses
involving elite parental lines
ICSB 29004, Parbhani Moti
(SPV1411) and BTx623
derivatives (J2658, J2714,
J2614) by subsequent
marker assisted
backcrossing.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 20
21. Name Class Gene(s) introgressed Effect Place
Above
a
, Avalanche
a
, Ankor
a
HRW, HWW, HRW Bdv2 Resistance to yellow dwarf
virus
CO, USA
BIOINTA 2004 HRW Lr47 Resistance to leaf rust Córdoba, Argentina
Cataldo SWS H25 Resistance to Hessian fly ID, USA
Expresso (DA984-034SRR) HRS Yr17 and Yr15 Resistance to stripe rust CA, USA
Kern
a
HRS Stb4 Resistance to Septoria CA, USA
Mace HRW Wsm-1 Resistance to wheat streak
mosaic virus (WSMV)
NE, USA
McNeal
a
, Reeder
a
, Hank
a
HRS Qss.msub-3BL Resistance to wheat stem
sawfly
MT, USA
Patwin HRS Yr17, Lr37-Sr38 and Glu-
D1 (5 + 10)
Resistance to stripe rust, leaf
rust, stem rust, strong gluten
and good bread making
quality
CA, USA
Scarlet (WA7994)
a
HRS Yr15 and Gpc-B1 Resistance to stripe rust and
high grain protein content
WA, USA
Westmore Durum Yr36 and Gpc-B1 Resistant to stripe rust and
high grain protein content
AZ, USA
MAS in Wheat
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 21
22. MAS in Cotton
• DNA markers connected to the major QTL (QTLFS1)
for fiber strength could be utilized in MAS to
increase fiber strength of commercial varieties in
segregating populations.
• SSR markers namely CIR 316 tightly linked to
Rootknot nematode (RKN) resistant region on
chromosome 11 and BNL 3661 marker tightly
linked to RKN resistant region on chromosome 14.
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 22
23. MAS in Cotton continued…
10-04-2023 S JOGINDER SINGH [ M.Sc. Veg Science ] 23