This document discusses novel possibilities for producing textile fibers using an ionic liquid-based method called IONCELL-F. Specifically: 1. IONCELL-F allows for the production of cellulose-based fibers through a solvent-based process using a stable ionic liquid, avoiding the need for unstable chemicals like NMMO. 2. Initial demonstration runs show the viability of IONCELL-F for producing textile fibers like those used in a famous Marimekko dress, with superior strength properties compared to viscose. 3. The process could utilize a variety of cellulose sources for the fibers, including recycled paper and board, and does not require high-quality raw materials.

1. Marimekko-dress knitted from
birch – Ioncell method offers
novel possibilities
Herbert Sixta
School of Chemical Technology

2. Wool
Silk
Angora
Cashmere
others
Cotton
Flax
Jute
Hemp
Others
Viscose
Modal
Lyocell
Cupro
Acetate
Casein
Collagen
Ardein
Zein
Polyester
Polyamide
Elastan
PP
PU
Acryl
PET
Carbon
Ceramics
Glass
Metal
Cellulose
based
(MMCF)
Protein-
based
Cellulose
based
Protein-
based
Natural fibers
From natural
polymers
Synthetic
polymers
Inorganic
compounds
Man-made fibers
FIBERS
Textile Fibers Overview
Cellulose
based
(MMCF)

3. Global Production of Textiles
Man-made cellulosics : CV, CLY, ACETATE
Natural fibers : CO, Wool, Flax, Hemp, Silk, etc.
Synthetic fibers: PE, PP, PA, PAC
The Fiber Year 2013 - World Survey on Textiles & Nonwovens
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
0
20
40
60
80
Global Fiber Production, Mio t
50.8 Mt Synthetics
5.5 Mt other NF
1.1 Mt Wool
5.2 Mt MMCF
23.3 Mt CO

4. Predicted growth of Regenerated cellulose
fiber
The Fiber Year 2013: World Survey on Textiles`& Nonwovens, April 2013
Global textile market
- Cotton stagnant at 26-28 Mio t/a
- 33-37% minimum share of
cellulosics in textiles
- GAP of 15 Mio t/a of cellulosic
fibers in 2030
Growth rates
- Viscose, Lyocell > 9%/a
- Acetate 1.5%/a
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
0
2
4
6
8
10 MMC staple fiber, Mio t/a
1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
0
2
4
6
8
10 MMC staple fiber, Mio t/a
6%
9%
6%

5. Textile chain
http://www.lenzing.com/en/fibers/tencel/botanic-fiber.html
IONCELL-F Final product

6. Viscose vs. Lyocell
Viscose Lyocell
NaOH / CS2
wet spinning dry-jet wet spinning
derivatization direct dissolution
wood pulp
Andrzej Ziabicki, Fundamentals of fiber spinning,
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, (ISBN: 0-471-98220-2).
Michael Hummel
O
N
O
H2O

7. Why Alternatives to NMMO?
NMMO is an oxidant and relatively unstable:
• Autoxidation reactions via Carbonium-iminium ions:
Stabilizer
• Radical scavenger
• Formaldehyde trap
Rosenau, T. et al. Cellulose, 2002, 9, 283Rosenau, T. et al. Progress in Polymer Science, 2001, 26(9), 1763-1837.

8. IONCELL-F
Lyocell Process using a
stable ionic liquid

9. Spinning line: Dope preparation
Final dope has to be filtrated and degassed
pulp
Ionic Liquid

10. 10
Extrusion
velocity
Take-up velocity
Spinning line: Extrusion

11. Spinning line: Aftertreatment
11
dryingwashingcollecting

12. IONCELL* Solution
UNSTRETCHED STRETCHED
Dope Spinnability
Good spinnability
Adapted from A. Michud et al. ACS conference, New Orleans, 2013
65-70ºC

13. IONCELL-F Production

14. Comparative strength properties
Finnish Birch Pulp as raw material
0 5 10 15 20 25
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Cupro
Viscose, CV
NMMO
Tenacitycond
[MPa]
Elongationcond
[%]
IONCELL-F
Modal, CMD
0 10 20 30 40
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
CV
CMD
NMMO
Tirecord
s, GPa
Young's modulus [GPa]
IONCELL-F
IONCELL fiber shows superior strength properties and can be
also used as reinforcing fiber in light weight composites

15. Fiber Value Chain
15

16. Waste Paper and Board as Raw Material
NOT SENSITIVE TO RAW MATERIAL:
Pre-treated, and DP-adjusted Recycled Copy Paper (P) and
Board (B) used as raw material
P1 P1 P2 B4 B5 B3 B2 PHK CV
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
REFBOARD
Tensile Strength, cN/tex
COPY PAPER
Properties from IONCELL
fibers prepared from recycled
paper and board superior than
reference viscose fibers (CV).
Yibo Ma, PhD Thesis

17. Demonstration runs
SCARF: 11/13
Marimekko®
DRESS: 3/14
designed by Tuula Pöyhönen